Title: Journal of Environmental Sciences-China

Title: Journal of Environmental Sciences-China

ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Environ. Sci.

JCR Abbreviated Title: J Environ Sci-China

ISSN: 1001-0742

Issues/Year: 6

Journal Country/Territory: Peoples R China

Language: English

Publisher: Science China Press

Publisher Address: 16 Donghuangchenggen North St, Beijing 100717, Peoples R China

Subject Categories:

Environmental Sciences: Impact Factor 0.255 (2003); Impact Factor 0.254, 130/134 (2004); Impact Factor 0.335, 136/140 (2005); Impact Factor 0.480, 142/160 (2007); Impact Factor 1.412, 99/181 (2009)

? Cheng, Z.J., Yin, G.J., Yang, L.Q., Wang, W. and Cheng, D.D. (2001), Effect and mechanism of coking residual ammonia water treating by flue gas. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 13 (2), 237-246.

Full Text: 2001\J Env Sci-Chi13, 237.pdf

Abstract: The treatment of coking residual ammonia water has been a big difficult problem at home and abroad, and there is no breakthrough research achievement in the past. The invention patent “The method of treating all coking wastewater or treating coking residual ammonia water by flue gas” has been successfully used in Huaian Steel Works for high concentration and organic industry wastewater treatment. Not only can it realize the wastewater zero discharge, but also the wastewater treatment has an effect of de-sulfur and de-nitrogen for flue gas. So that the flue gas exhaust can meet the requirement of emission standard. The mass transfer and heat transfer, fly ash absorption and coagulation, acid and alkali neutralization reaction, catalysis oxidation and reduction reaction in flue gas would be the major factors.

Keywords: Coking Residual Ammonia Water, Coking Wastewater, De-Nitrogen, De-Sulfur, Flue Gas, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment, Zero Discharge

Zhan, X.M., Zhao, X., Miyazaki, A. and Nakano, Y. (2003), Removal of lead from aqueous solutions by condensed tannin gel adsorbent. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 15 (1), 102-106.

Full Text: J\J Env Sci-Chi15, 102.pdf

Abstract: Lead has caused serious environmental pollution due to its toxicity, accumulation in food chains and persistence in nature. In this paper, lead removal from aqueous solutions was investigated using condensed tannin gel adsorbent synthesized from a natural tannin compound. It is found that the adsorption is strongly affected by pH values of aqueous solutions. Within pH range of 3.5-6, when initial lead concentration is 100 mg/L, removal efficiency is more than 90%. Adsorption equilibrium is reached within 150 minutes. The adsorption isotherm fits well with the Langmuir equation, by which the saturated adsorption uptake of 190 mg Pb²⁺ /g dry tannin gel adsorbent is obtained. By means of thermodynamics analysis, it is revealed that the process is exothermic and the adsorption heat is up to 38.4 kJ/mol. With respect to high efficiency, moderate pH requirement and minimized second pollution, the tannin gel adsorbent exhibits a promising potential in the removal of lead from wastewater.

Keywords: Lead Removal, Mimosa Tannin, Synthesis, Tannin Gel Adsorbent, Adsorption Mechanism, Activated Carbon, Resin, Ions

Awan, M.A., Qazi, I.A. and Khalid, I. (2003), Removal of heavy metals through adsorption using sand. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 15 (3), 413-416.

Full Text: J\J Env Sci-Chi15, 413.pdf

Abstract: The removal of four heavy metals i.e. Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn from their aqueous solutions, using ordinary sand as an adsorbent, was studied at 20degreesC The amount of metal adsorbed to form monolayer on sand(a(m)), obtained from Langmuir isotherm, exhibited the preference of metals for sand in the order Pb > Cr > Cu > Zn. The heavy metal-sand adsorption phenomena can be illustrated on the basis of the interaction between surface functional group of silicates (sand) and the metal ions. It is deduced that sand can be used as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal from wastewater (containing low conc. of metals) especially in the developing countries.

Keywords: Sand, Heavy Metals, Adsorption, Moss, Peat

Wu, J.M. and Wang, Y.Y. (2003), Immobilized chitosan as a selective absorbent for the nickel removal in water sample. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 15 (5), 633-638.

Full Text: J\J Env Sci-Chi15, 633.pdf

Abstract: Method for preparation of chitosan immobilized on silica gel(CTS-silica) was described. The CTS-silica was used as absorbent for the absorption of nickel in water. The results showed that this absorbent had relatively high selectivity and strong affinity to nickel. The maximum absorption capacity for nickel can reach 667 mg/g of chitosan. Factors that affect the absorption capacity, such as pH, ion strength and the presence of calcium, EDTA and the mechanism of absorption were discussed in detail. The absorbent can be regenerated with acid and reused for several times. The recovery rate for nickel can reach 99.99%. This absorbent filled in a column can be used in nickel removal from wastewater and drinking water.

Keywords: Immobilized Chitosan, Nickel, Wastewater Treatment, Heavy-Metals, Biosorption, Ions

Li, Y.H., Di, Z.C., Luan, Z.K., Ding, J., Zuo, H., Wu, X.Q., Xu, C.L. and Wu, D.H. (2004), Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes: Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 16 (2), 208-211.

Full Text: J\J Env Sci-Chi16, 208.pdf

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes prepared by catalytic chemical vapor deposition of hydrocarbon at 650degreesC show good adsorption capability of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions from aqueous solution after oxidized with concentrated nitric acid at 140 degreesC for 1 h. The specific surface area and particle size distribution of the as-grown and oxidized CNTs were studied by BET method and laser particle analyzer. Three kinetic models, that is, first-, pseudo second- and second-order, were used to investigate the adsorption data and the pseudo second-order model can represent the experimental data better than two others. The equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model and showed the following adsorption order: Pb²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Cd²⁺.

Keywords: Carbon Nanotubes, Heavy Metals, Adsorption, Field-Emission, Waste-Water, Ions

Shen, X.Y., Lu, Y.Y., Zhu, L.Z. and Lu, S.Y. (2004), Sorption of BTEX mixtures to organobenonites. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 16 (2), 222-225.

Full Text: J\J Env Sci-Chi16, 222.pdf

Abstract: Organobentonites synthesized by replacing the metal ions in bentonite with cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA) or tetramethylammonium cation(TMA) were investigated for their behaviors to sorb benzene, toluene, p-xylene from water. The results served to distinguish the sorption mechanisms(adsorption or partition) of the two types of organobentonites. Bentonites modified with short-chain alkyl functional groups(e. g., TMA) sorb organic contaminants primarily by an adsorption process, in which the sorbed amount decreases with increasing steric hindrance of the organic compound and the process exhibits a competitive effect because of steric hindrance in multi-solute systems. In contrast, the sorption of contaminants to organobentonites modified with long-chain alkyl groups (e. g., CTMA) occurs by partition process without exhibiting a competitive effect, and the additional organic compounds may induce a cosorptive effect. In the latter case, the measured distribution coefficients of organic compounds between organobentonites and water(log K-d) are positively correlated with the octanol-water partition coefficients of the compounds(log K-ow) and the sorption process exhibits no competitive effect in multi-solute systems.

Keywords: Organobentonite, Organic Compounds, Adsorption, Partition, Organic Contaminants, Tetrachloromethane Sorption, Water, Clay

? Liao, M. and Xie, X.M. (2004), Adsorption of phenthoate and acetochlor from water by clays and organoclays. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 16 (5), 738-741.

Full Text: J\J Env Sci-Chi16, 738.pdf

Abstract: Adsorption of phenthoate, and acetochlor onto kaolin, montmorillonite, bentonite clays and respective organoclays prepared by the exchange of quaternary ammonium as tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) were studied. The adsorption equilibrium data points were fitted to Freundlich isotherm equations. The adsorption of phenthoate and acetochlor were significantly enhanced by surfactant treatment of the clays. The amount of both pesticides adsorbed per unit mass of organoclay followed the order of TTA-kaolin < TTA-montmorillonite < TTA-bentonite, which is inconsistent with the organic carbon content of the clays. The removal efficiency of organomontmorillonite to treat acetochlor is in the order of CP (C-16)-montmorillonite > TTA (C-14)-montmorillonite > DTA (C-12)-montmorillonite. Phenthoate is adsorbed to greater extent than acetochlor by each adsorbent, which may be due to the higher hydrophobicity of phenthoate, indicating considerable hydrophobic interaction between adsorbent/adsorbate systems.

Keywords: Adsorption, Clays, Organoclays, Phenthoate, Acetochlor, Organic Contaminants, Exchanged Clays, Sorption

? Wang, X.J., Zhao, J.F., Xia, S.Q., Li, A.M. and Chen, L. (2004), Adsorption mechanism of phenolic compounds from aqueous solution on hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 16 (6), 919-924.

Full Text: J\J Env Sci-Chi16, 919.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of two phenols, namely, phenol and salicylic acid(SA) onto a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (NJ-8) were studied in terms of pseudo-second-order and first order mechanisms for chemical sorption as well as an intraparticle diffusion mechanism process. Kinetic analysis showed that the intraparticle diffusion process was the essential rate-controlling step. The activation energies of sorption have also been evaluated with the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion constants, respectively. Adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Adsorption was exothermic and basically of a type of transition between physical and chemical character. The sorption capacity was higher for SA due to its more hydrophobic. Phenol has a higher adsorption enthalpy since it could form stronger hydrogen bonding on NJ-8.

Keywords: Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene Resin, Phenol, Salicylic Acid(SA), Adsorption, Enthalpy, Industry Waste-Water, Removal, Sorption, Resin, Desorption, Shale

? Zhou, J. and Yang, Y.R. (2004), Intensification of adsorption process by using the pyrolytic char from waste tires to remove chromium(VI) from wastewater. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 16 (6), 1016-1019.

Full Text: J\J Env Sci-Chi16, 1016.pdf

Abstract: Pyrolysis has the potential of transforming waste into valuable recyclable products. Pyrolytic char(PC) is one of the most important products from the pyrolysis of used tires. One of the most significant applications for pyrolytic char recovered is used for the removal of Cr(VI) in the wastewater effluent to control waste by waste. The surface chemistry properties of surface element distribution / concentration and chemical structure were examined for the pyrolytic char and the commercial activated carbon(CAC) respectively. The results showed that surfaces of PC possesses a large amount of ester and hydrocarbon graft, whereas there are mainly carbon functional components of C-OH, C-O and COOH on the surface of CAC. Therefore the surface electronegativity of PC is lower than that of CAC in the water. The repulsive interactions between the surfaces of PC and the negatively charged Cr(VI) ion are weaker than that of CAC, which results in an intensification of the adsorption process by the utilization of PC. The adsorption isotherms of Cr(VI) ion on the two kinds of carbons were determined experimentally. The larger adsorption amount on the PC in the case of Cr(VI) may be attributed mainly to its special surface micro-chemical environment. The mechanism of the removal Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was assumed to be the integration of adsorption and redox reaction. The adsorption was the rate-controlled step for Cr(VI) removal. The adsorption of Cr(VI) was identified as pseudo-second-order kinetics. The rate constants of adsorption were evaluated.

Keywords: Waste Tire, Pyrolytic Char, Surface Chemistry Properties, Cr(VI), Wastewater Treatment, Kinetics, Intensification, Aqueous-Solution, Carbon-Blacks, Activated Carbon, Kinetics

Ho, Y.S. (2005), Comment on “Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes: Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics” by Li, Y.H., Di, Z.C., Luan, Z. K., Ding, J., Zuo, H., Wu, X.Q., Xu, C.L. and Wu, D.H. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 17 (1), 175-176.

Full Text: 2005\J Env Sci-Chi17, 175.pdf

Keywords: Sphagnum Moss Peat, Cadmium Removal, Sorption, Dye, Ions, Models, Equation, Citation, Sawdust, Chitin

? Luan, Z.K. (2005), Response to comment on “Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes: Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics”. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 17 (1), 176.

Full Text: 2005\J Env Sci-Chi17, 176.pdf

? Wang, Y.J., Zhou, D.M. and Sun, R.J. (2005), Effects of phosphate on the adsorption of glyphosate on three different types of Chinese soils. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 17 (5), 711-715.

Full Text: 2005\J Env Sci-Chi17, 711.pdf

Abstract: Glyphosate (GPS) is a non-selective, post-mergence herbicide that is widely used throughout the world. Due to the similar molecular structures of glyphosate and phosphate, adsorption of glyphosate on soil is easily affected by coexisting phosphate, especially when phosphate is applied at a significant rate in farmland. This paper studied the effects of phosphate on the adsorption of glyphosate on three different types of Chinese soils including two variable charge soils and one permanent charge soil. The results indicated that Freundlich equations used to simulate glyphosate adsorption isotherms gave high correlation coefficients(0.990-0.998) with K values of 2751, 2451 and 166 for the zhuanhong soil(ZH soil, Laterite), red soil(RS, Udic Ferrisol) and Wushan paddy soil(WS soil, Anthrosol), respectively. The more the soil iron and aluminum oxides and clay contained, the more glyphosate adsorbed. The presence of phosphate significantly decreased the adsorption of glyphosate to the soils by competing with glyphosate for adsorption sites of soils. Meanwhile, the effects of phosphate on adsorption of glyphosate on the two variable charge soils were more significant than that on the permanent charge soil. When phosphate and glyphosate were added in the soils in different orders, the adsorption quantities of glyphosate on the soils were different, which followed GPS-soil > GPS-P-soil = GPS-soil-P > P-soil-GPS, meaning a complex interaction occurred among glyphosate, phosphate and the soils.

Keywords: Adsorption, Cadmium, Competitive Adsorption, Competitive Adsorption, Copper, Desorption, Freundlich, Glyphosate, Goethite, Isotherms, Phosphate, Soil, Sorption

? Najar-Souissi, S., Ouederni, A. and Ratel, A. (2005), Adsorption of dyes onto activated carbon prepared from olive stones. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 17 (6), 998-1003.

Full Text: 2005\J Env Sci-Chi17, 998.pdf

Abstract: Activated carbon was produced from olive stones(OSAC) by a physical process in two steps. The adsorption character of this activated carbon was tested on three colour dyes molecules in aqueous solution: Methylene blue(MB), Rhodamine B(RB) and Congo Red(CR). The adsorption equilibrium was studied through isotherms construction at 30°C, which were well described by Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity on the OSAC was estimated to be 303 mg/g, 217 mg/g and 167 mg/g respectively for MB, RB and CR. This activated carbon has a similar adsorption properties to that of commercial ones and show the same adsorption performances. The adsorption kinetics of the MB molecule in aqueous solution at different initial concentrations by OSAC was also studied. Kinetic experiments were well fitted by a simple intra-particle diffusion model. The measured kinetics constant was influenced by the initial concentration and we found the following correlation: K-id = 1.55 C-0 (0.51).

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Olive Stones, Adsorption, Dyes, Isotherms, Kinetic, Liquid-Phase Adsorption, Pore-Size Distribution, Aqueous-Solution, Waste-Water, Competitive Adsorption, Methylene-Blue, Removal, Surface, Equilibrium, Dyestuffs

? Chen, C.Y., Wang, P. and Zhuang, Y.Y. (2005), Dye removal from wastewater using the adsorbent developed from sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 17 (6), 1018-1021.

Full Text: 2005\J Env Sci-Chi17, 1018.pdf

Abstract: Sewage sludge was used to develop an effective carbon adsorbent. This adsorbent was employed for the removal of azo dye such as Direct Dark Brown M and Acid Mordant Brown RH. The adsorption of dyes on this adsorbent was studied as a function of contact time, concentration, pH and temperature by batch method. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of a carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from city wastewater treatment plant was 502, and 329.7 mg/g of Direct Dark Brown M and Acid Mordant Brown RH, respectively. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich models of adsorption. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model. The rates of adsorption were found to conform to the Lagergren second-order kinetics with good correlation. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the carbonaceous adsorbents was determined with the Langmuir equation as well as the Lagergren second-order rate equation. The most ideal pH for adsorption of two dyes onto adsorbents was found to be 3 and below. The results indicate that the carbonaceous adsorbents could be employed as a low cost adsorbent in the removal of dyes from wastewater.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Sewage Sludge, Azo Dye, Isotherms, Kinetics, Adsorption, Equilibrium, Carbon

? Yan, C.Z., Wang, S.R., Zeng, A.Y., Jin, X.C., Xu, Q.J. and Zhao, J.Z. (2005), Equilibrium and kinetics of copper(II) biosorption by Myriophyllum spicatum L. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 17 (6), 1025-1029.

Full Text: 2005\J Env Sci-Chi17, 1025.pdf

Abstract: The potential use of Myridphyllum spicatum L. biomass as a biosorbent for the removal of copper(II) from aqueous solution was investigated in laboratory condition. The sorption experiments were undertaken to obtain copper(II) biosorption properties of M. spicatum L., i.e. equilibrium time, the maximum capacity, and rate constants. Copper(II) biosorption was fast and equilibrium was attained within 35 min at initial copper(II) concentration of 6 mg/L. Different isotherm models including the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson model, were used to investigate the sorption capacity and isotherm. These models showed an excellent match with the experimental data except for the Freundlich model. According to the Langmuir coefficients, the maximum sorption capacity of copper onto M. spicatum L. was 10.80 mg/g. The kinetics of copper(II) sorption was also analysed and rate constants were derived. It was found that the overall sorption process was best described by the pseudo second-order equation. and that intraparticle diffusion was not the rate determining step. The results of this study showed that M. spicatum L. can be considered as useful vehicles for the removal and recovery of copper(II) from aqueous solutions.

Keywords: Aquatic Plants, Biosorption, Copper, Sorption Isotherm, Pseudo Second-Order, Heavy-Metal Adsorption, Nonliving Biomass, Aqueous-Solution, Removal, Sorption, Ions, Macrophytes, Cadmium

? Alam, M.Z., Muyibi, S.A., Mansor, M.F. and Wahid, R. (2006), Removal of phenol by activated carbons prepared from palm oil mill effluent sludge. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 18 (3), 446-452.

Full Text: 2006\J Env Sci-Chi18, 446.pdf

Abstract: The study was attempted to produce activated carbons from palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced was evaluated in aqueous solution of phenol. Two types of activation were followed, namely, thermal activation at 300, 500 and 800°C, and physical activation at 150°C (boiling treatment). A control (raw POME sludge) was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced. The results indicated that the activation temperature of 800°C showed maximum absorption capacity by the activated carbon (POME 800) in aqueous solution of phenol. Batch adsorption studies showed an equilibrium time of 6 h for the activated carbon of POME 800. It was observed that the adsorption capacity was higher at lower values of pH (2-3) and higher value of initial concentration of phenol (200-300 mg/L). The equilibrium data were fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon POME 800 was studied in terms of pseudo- first and second order kinetics to predict the rate constant and equilibrium capacity with the effect of initial phenol concentrations. The rate of adsorption was found to be better correlation for the pseudo-second order kinetics compared to the first order kinetics.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Sludge, Phenol, Waste-Water, Adsorption, Chlorophenols

? Wang, X.J., Xia, S.Q., Chen, L., Zhao, J.F., Chovelon, J.M. and Nicole, J.R. (2006), Biosorption of cadmium(II) and Lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto dried activated sludge. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 18 (5), 840-844.

Full Text: 2006\J Env Sci-Chi18, 840.pdf

Abstract: The removal of heavy-metal ions from aqueous solutions by using dried activated sludge has been investigated in batch systems. Effect of solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature were determined. The results of the kinetic studies showed that the uptake processes of the two metal ions(Cd(II) and Pb(II)) followed the pseudo-second-order rate expression. The equilibrium data fitted very well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The FT-IR analysis showed that the main mechanism of Cd(II) and Pb(II) biosorption onto dried activated sludge was their binding with amide I group.

Keywords: Biosorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Cadmium, Lead, Activated Sludge, Adsorption, Nickel(II), Mechanism, Kinetics, Removal, Binding, Carbon

? Alam, M.Z., Muyibi, S.A., Mansor, M.F. and Wahid, R. (2007), Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty-fruit bunches: Application to environmental problems. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 19 (1), 103-108.

Full Text: 2007\J Env Sci-Chi19, 103.pdf

Abstract: Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) were investigated to find the suitability of its application for removal of phenol in aqueous solution through adsorption process. Two types of activation namely; thermal activation at 300, 500 and 800°C and physical activation at 150°C (boiling treatment) were used for the production of the activated carbons. A control (untreated EFB) was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced from these processes. The results indicated that the activated carbon derived at the temperature of 800°C showed maximum absorption capacity in the aqueous solution of phenol. Batch adsorption studies showed an equilibrium time of 6 h for the activated carbon at 800°C. It was observed that the adsorption capacity was higher at lower values of pH (2-3) and higher value of initial concentration of phenol (200-300 mg/L). The equilibrium data fitted better with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm compared to the Langmuir. Kinetic studies of phenol adsorption onto activated carbons were also studied to evaluate the adsorption rate. The estimated cost for production of activated carbon from EFB was shown in lower price (USD 0.50/kg of activated carbon) compared the activated carbon from other sources and processes.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Lignocellulosic Empty Fruit Bunches, Phenolic Compound, Solid Waste Management, Adsorption Characteristics, Phenol, Waste, Sludge, Dye, Removal

? Bulut, Y. and Tez, Z. (2007), Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by sawdust adsorption. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China,