Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2008\Sep Sci Tec43, 3676.pdf

Abstract: In this study the applicability of Zirconium ion impregnated coconut fiber carbon (ZICFC) as an adsorbent for fluoride removal from water was investigated. The dependence of fluoride adsorption on the physicochemical properties includes pH, agitation time, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and the initial concentration of the adsorbate. Maximum defluoridation was obtained at an original pH value of 4.0 with a rapid 93% adsorption being achieved within 10min of contact with ZICFC. Adsorption data for fluoride onto ZICFC were better correlated to the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order chemical reaction provided the best fit for the experimental data as obtained from kinetic studies. A combination of chemisorption and physisorption processes in hand with intraparticle diffusion, account for the high defluoridation ability of ZICFC, with the thermodynamic parameters indicating an endothermic phenomenon. The fluoride adsorption capacity of ZICFC when compared with those of other commonly used fluoride adsorbents highlights the substantial improvement in fluoride adsorption capacity of coconut fiber carbon on zirconium impregnation.

Keywords: Activated-Charcoal, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Agitation, Aqueous-Solutions, Capacity, Carbon, Chemical, Chemisorption, Chitosan, Coconut Fiber, Coconut Fiber Carbon, Concentration, Data, Defluoridation, Diffusion, Drinking-Water, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Experimental, Fluoride, Fluoride Removal, Impregnation, Improvement, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm, Metal-Ions, pH, Ph Value, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Reaction Kinetics, Removal, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Value, Water, X-Ray-Fluorescence

? Wang, X.S., Liu, X., Wen, L.Y., Zhou, Y., Jiang, Y. and Li, Z.Z. (2008), Comparison of basic dye crystal violet removal from aqueous solution by low-cost biosorbents. Separation Science and Technology, 43 (14), 3712-3731.

Full Text: 2008\Sep Sci Tec43, 3712.pdf

Abstract: The removal of basic dye crystal violet by low-cost biosorbents was investigated in this study using a batch experimental system. The adsorption of crystal violet onto various adsorbents was solution pH-dependent and the maximum removal occurred at basic pH 10.0. The kinetic experimental data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations to examine the adsorption mechanism and the intraparticle diffusion model to identify the potential rate controlling step. These results suggested that the adsorption of crystal violet onto various adsorbents was best represented by the pseudo-second-order equation. The suitability of the Langmuir and Freundich adsorption isotherms to the equilibrium data was also investigated at various temperatures for all four sorbents and the adsorption isotherms exhibited Freundlich behavior. The Freundlich constant K-f was 1.55 for alligator weed, 2.33 for Laminaria japonica, 9.59 for rice bran and 5.38 (mg/g)/(mg/L)(1/n) for wheat bran, respectively at adsorbent concentration 5g/L, pH 10.0 and 20C. The thermodynamic parameters (H, G, and S) were calculated and the results showed that the adsorption process for various adsorbents was spontaneous, endothermic, with an increased randomness, respectively. The particle size and the reaction temperature exhibited an insignificant impact on the adsorption equilibrium of crystal violet. The adsorbents investigated could serve as low-cost adsorbents for removing the crystal violet from aqueous solution.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Mechanism, Aqueous Solution, Basic Dye, Batch, Behavior, Biosorbents, Blue, Concentration, Crystal Violet, Data, Diffusion, Diffusion Model, Dye, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Experimental, Freundlich, Freundlich Constant, Heavy-Metal, Impact, Intraparticle Diffusion, Intraparticle Diffusion Model, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Low Cost Adsorbents, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Low-Cost Biosorbents, Mechanism, Mechanisms, Model, Particle Size, pH, pH-Dependent, Pith, Potential, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Equation, Randomness, Removal, Rice, Rice Bran, Rice-Husk, Sawdust, Size, Solution, Sorbents, System, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Wastewater Treatment, Water, Weed, Wheat Bran

? Kavitha, S., Selvakumar, R. and Swaminathan, K. (2008), Polyvinyl pyrrolidone K25 modified fungal biomass as biosorbent for As(V) removal from aqueous solution. Separation Science and Technology, 43 (15), 3902-3919.

Full Text: 2008\Sep Sci Tec43, 3902.pdf

Abstract: Biosorption experiments were carried out in batch and column mode for the removal of As(V) from aqueous solution using native, autoclaved and PVP treated Aspergillus clavatus biomass. The influence of process parameters such as contact time, As(V) concentration, adsorbent dosage, and pH have been investigated for As(V) adsorption. Maximum As(V) removal was observed with PVP K25 modified biomass (PVPAB) (80.25%) when compared to native (57%) and autoclaved (71.63%) biomass. PVPAB biomass required less time to reach equilibrium (90 min) whereas autoclaved and native biomass required 105 and 125 min to attain saturation respectively. The PVPAB showed maximum As(V) removal (Q(0) = 2.06 mg/g) and was used as adsorbent for column studies. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Langmuir and Dubinin and Radushkevich isotherms. Kinetics of the adsorption process was studied using pseudo-first-order and second-order models and it was found to obey pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Desorption studies showed that PVPAB could be reused after regeneration and could lead to the development of viable and cost-effective technology for arsenic removal from ground water.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dosage, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Arsenic, Arsenic Removal, As(V), As(V) Adsorption, As(V) Removal, Aspergillus Clavatus, Batch, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption, Carbon, Column, Column Modes, Column Studies, Concentration, Cost-Effective, Desorption, Development, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherms, Experiments, Ground Water, High-Capacity, Ions, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lead, Mode, Model, Models, Modified, PEI, pH, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, PVP K25, Regeneration, Removal, Saturation, Second Order, Second-Order, Solution, Sorption, Technology, Waste, Water

? Shukla, S.R., Gaikar, V.G., Pai, R.S. and Suryavanshi, U.S. (2009), Batch and column adsorption of Cu(II) on unmodified and oxidized coir. Separation Science and Technology, 44 (1), 40-62.

Full Text: 2009\Sep Sci Tec44, 40.pdf

Abstract: The potential of coir, a low cost lignocellulosic material, was assessed for the removal of Cu(II) ion from aqueous solutions of copper sulphate. The coir fiber was also modified by an oxidative treatment, whereby the maximum uptake of Cu(II) increased to 6.99 mg/g as compared to 2.54 mg/g for the unmodified coir. A Langmuir type of adsorption was followed by oxidized coir fiber. A second order rate equation was observed for the Cu(II) uptake. The lowering of pH adversely affects adsorption on both the materials. Almost complete desorption of the loaded Cu(II) was possible using 0.25N hydrochloric acid. The materials retained the adsorptive capacity up to three cycles when an intermediate regeneration step was given with dilute sodium hydroxide solution. In a fixed column packed with oxidized coir fibers, it was observed that the breakthrough time decreased with an increase in inlet Cu(II) concentration. The desorption level in the fixed bed column was around 90% and the column was regenerated and used up to eight cycles. The fixed bed column packed with oxidized coir was used to remove Cu(II) from an electrochemical industrial effluent. An ion exchange mechanism has been proposed for uptake of Cu(II) on the oxidized coir fiber.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solutions, Au, Base, Bases, Biosorption, Breakthrough, Cadmium, Capacity, Coir, Column, Concentration, Copper, Cost, Cu(II), Cu(II) Ion, Cycles, Desalination, Desorption, Dyed Cellulosic Materials, Exchange, Fibers, Fixed Bed, Fixed-Bed Column, Hazard, Heavy-Metals, Industrial Effluent, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Langmuir, Lead, Low Cost, Mater, ME, Mechanism, Metal Ion, Metal-Ions, Modified, N, P, pH, Potential, Regeneration, Removal, SCI, Second Order, Second-Order, Sodium, Solution, Solutions, Sphagnum Moss, Technologies, Technology, Text, Textile, Treatment, Uptake, Water

? Pura, S. and Atun, G. (2009), Adsorptive removal of Acid Blue 113 and tartrazine by fly ash from single and binary dye solutions. Separation Science and Technology, 44 (1), 75-101.

Full Text: 2009\Sep Sci Tec44, 75.pdf

Abstract: Adsorption of two acid dyestuffs, acid blue 113 (AB) and tartrazine (TA), has been studied from their single and binary solutions by using fly ash (FA) as an adsorbent. The S shaped isotherms observed for dye adsorption from single solutions show that both acid dyes are not preferred at a low concentration region whereas adsorption of the dyes from binary solutions is enhanced via solute-solute interactions. Although the L-shaped isotherm is observed in binary solutions adsorbability of AB decreases in concentrated solutions with respect to single one, time dependency of adsorption is well described with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model as well as the linear relation of Bt vs. t plots (not passing through origin) indicates that film diffusion is effective on dye adsorption. Modeled isotherm curves using isotherm parameters of the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equations adequately fit to experimental equilibrium data. Equilibrium adsorption of AB in binary solutions has been quite well predicted by the extended Freundlich and the Sheindorf-Rebuhn-Sheintuch (SRS) models. In general, the isotherm curves constructed in the temperature range of 298-328K show that the optimum temperature is 318K for AB removal from both single and binary solutions.

Keywords: Acid Blue 113, Acid Dyes, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Am, Aqueous-Solution, Ash, Brilliant Green-Dye, Carbon, Cd, Coal Ash, Concentration, Constructed, Data, Dependency, Desalination, Diffusion, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Dyes, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherm Analyses, Experimental, Film, Film Diffusion, Fly Ash, Fly-Ash, Food, Freundlich, Ge, General, Hazard, INT, Interactions, Isotherm, Isotherm Parameters, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Manage, Mater, Model, Models, N, Origin, P, Pigment, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetic, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Removal, SCI, Solutions, Sorption, Surface, Surfactant, T, Tartrazine, Temperature, Waste-Water, Water

? Bhatnagar, A., Kumar, E., Minocha, A.K., Jeon, B.H., Song, H. and Seo, Y.C. (2009), Removal of anionic dyes from water using Citrus limonum (lemon) peel: Equilibrium studies and kinetic modeling. Separation Science and Technology, 44 (2), 316-334.

Full Text: 2009\Sep Sci Tec44, 316.pdf

Abstract: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the adsorption potential of Citrus limonum (lemon) peel as an adsorbent for the removal of two anionic dyes, Methyl orange (MO) and Congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption was studied as a function of contact time, initial concentration, and temperature by batch method. The adsorption capacities of lemon peel adsorbent for dyes were found 50.3 and 34.5 mg/g for MO and CR, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption data was well described by the Langmuir model. Three simplified kinetic models viz. pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model were tested to describe the adsorption process. Kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium sorption capacities, and related correlation coefficients for each kinetic model were determined. It was found that the present system of dyes adsorption on lemon peel adsorbent could be described more favorably by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The results of the present study reveal that lemon peel adsorbent can be fruitfully utilized as an inexpensive adsorbent for dyes removal from effluents.

Keywords: Acid Dye, Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Process, Agricultural Solid-Waste, Anionic Dyes, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Batch Method, Coir Pith, Concentration, Congo Red, Contact, Correlation, Cr, Data, Diffusion, Diffusion Model, Dyes, Effluents, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherms, Fly-Ash, Function, Intraparticle, Intraparticle Diffusion, Intraparticle Diffusion Model, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Modeling, Kinetic Models, Kinetic Parameters, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Lemon Peel, Lemon Peel Waste, Low-Cost Adsorbent, Mo, Model, Modeling, Models, Natural Adsorbents, Potential, Process, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Constants, Removal, Solutions, Sorption, Temperature, Water

? Vaghetti, J.C.P., Lima, E.C., Royer, B., Cardoso, N.F., Martins, B. and Calvete, T. (2009), Pecan nutshell as biosorbent to remove toxic metals from aqueous solution. Separation Science and Technology, 44 (3), 615-644.

Full Text: 2009\Sep Sci Tec44, 615.pdf

Abstract: In the present study we reported for the first time, the feasibility of pecan nutshell (PNS-Carya illinoensis) as an alternative biosorbent to remove Cr(III), Fe(III) and Zn(II) metallic ions from aqueous solutions. The ability of PNS to remove these metallic ions was investigated by using batch biosorption procedure. The effects, such as pH and the biosorbent dosage on the adsorption capacities of PNS were studied. Five kinetic models were tested, the adsorption kinetics being the better fitted one to the fractionary-order kinetic model. The equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models. Taking into account a statistical error function, the data were best fitted to Sips isotherm models. The maximum biosorption capacity of PNS were 93.01, 76.59, and 107.9mgg-1 for Cr(III), Fe(III), and Zn(II), respectively.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Kinetics, Alternative, Aqueous Solutions, Araucaria-Angustifolia Wastes, Atomic-Absorption-Spectrometry, Batch, Batch Conditions, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption, Capacity, Cr(III), Data, Equilibrium, Error, Fe(III), Feasibility, First, Freundlich, Fruit Shell, Function, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Low-Cost Adsorbent, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Metals, Model, Models, Pecan Nutshell, Ph, Procedure, Redlich-Peterson, Solutions, Sorption Capacity, Statistical Design, Zn(II)

? Dimovic, S., Smiciklas, I., Plecas, I. and Antonovic, D. (2009), Kinetic study of Sr²⁺ sorption by bone char. Separation Science and Technology, 44 (3), 645-667.

Full Text: 2009\Sep Sci Tec44, 645.pdf

Abstract: The effect of particle size, bone char mass, initial pH, and metal concentration on the kinetics of Sr²⁺ sorption by bone char was studied and discussed. Considering the sorbed amounts of Sr²⁺, solution pH changes, changes of Ca²⁺ concentrations and Ca/Sr molar ratios, with time, it was concluded that surface complexation reactions are dominant in the first, more rapid stage of the sorption process, while the contribution of the ion-exchange mechanism increases with time and becomes more significant in the second, slower phase. Under all investigated experimental conditions, the pseudo-second-order model was found to provide high correlation coefficients and the equilibrium amounts of Sr²⁺ sorbed comparable to the values obtained experimentally.

Keywords: Aqueous-Solutions, Bone, Bone Char, Cadmium Ions, Changes, Char, Complexation, Concentration, Contribution, Correlation, Equilibrium, Experimental, First, Hydrous Ferric-Oxide, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ionexchange, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Mass, Mechanism, Metal, Metal-Ions, Methylene-Blue, Model, Natural Clinoptilolite, Palm Kernel Fiber, Particle Size, pH, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Removal, Size, Solution, Sorption, Sorption Kinetics, Sorption Kinetics, Sorption Process, Sr²⁺, Strontium, Surface, Surface Complexation, Values

? Gad, H.M.H., El-Mouhty, N.R.A. and Aly, H.F. (2009), Applicability of activated carbon to treatment of waste containing iodine-labeled compounds. Separation Science and Technology, 44 (3), 681-711.

Full Text: 2009\Sep Sci Tec44, 681.pdf

Abstract: A timber industry waste was transformed to activated carbon by a one-step chemical activation process using H₃PO₄ (H). The used activated carbon (SDH) was characterized by N₂ adsorption, FTIR, density, pH, point of zero charge pH_pzc, moisture and ash content. Methylene blue (MB) and the iodine number were calculated by adsorption from the solution. The applicability of the different activated carbon produced was carried out to treatment of aqueous waste contaminated with iodine-labeled prolactin (I-PRL) Treatment processes were performed under the varying conditions, contact time, temperature, carbon type, carbon dosage, and different particle size of the activated carbon (SDH). The results indicated that 5 hours are sufficient to reach a plateau, and the amount of I-PRL adsorbed on SDH activated carbons increase with the solution temperature with thermodynamic parameter of G=-7.962 (kJ/mol), H=28.869 (kJ/mol) and S=109.94 (J/mol K). The optimum adsorption results were reached using carbon dose of 0.1gm with particle size of0.25mm, and a batch factor (V/M) of 7.14mlg-1. First- and second-order equations, intraparticle diffusion equation, and the Elovich equation have been used to test experimental data. The experimental data was found to fit the second-order model and a chemisorptions mechanism. 0.7M NaOH can be used for regeneration of spent SDH activated carbon with the efficiency of 99.6% and the regenerated carbon can be reused for five cycles effectively.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbons, Activation, Adsorption, Agricultural By-Products, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Carbon, Charge, Chemical, Chemical Activation, Contact, Copper, Cycles, Data, Density, Diffusion, Efficiency, Elovich, Elovich Equation, Equilibrium, Experimental, FTIR, H₃PO₄, Intraparticle, Intraparticle Diffusion, Iodine, Iodine-Labeled Prolactin, Kinetics, Malachite Green, MB, Mechanism, Methylene Blue, Model, Moisture, N₂, N₂ Adsorption, NaOH, Particle Size, pH, pH_PZC, Point of Zero Charge, Process, Prolactin, Regeneration, Removal, Sawdust, Sawdust, Second Order, Second-Order, Second-Order Model, Size, Solution, Solution Temperature, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameter, Treatment, Waste

? Wang, X.S. and Chen, J.P. (2009), Biosorption of Congo red from aqueous solution using wheat bran and rice bran: Batch studies. Separation Science and Technology, 44 (6), 1452-1466.

Full Text: 2009\Sep Sci Tec44, 1452.pdf

Abstract: The batch adsorption experiments were carried out using low-cost agricultural by-products, wheat bran and rice bran, for the removal of Congo red from aqueous solution at pH 8.0 and temperature of 25C. Effects of important parameters such as contact time, adsorbent concentration, adsorbent modification and ion strength were investigated. The raw biomass and loaded Congo red biomass were characterized by FT-IR. The pseudo-first order equation and pseudo-second order equation were tested and the results showed that adsorption of Congo red followed the pseudo-second order very well. The Langmuir and Freundlich equations were applied to the data related to the adsorption isotherms and the observed maximum adsorption capacities (qm) were 22.73 and 14.63mg g^-1 for wheat bran and rice bran, respectively. The effects of adsorbent concentration and ionic strength on the Congo red adsorption were marked. The adsorption performance has been significantly improved using rice bran modified by [image omitted].

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Biosorption, Congo Red, Degradation, Dye Removal, Equilibrium, Heavy-Metal, Isotherm, Kinetics, Kinetics, Low-Cost Adsorbent, Methylene-Blue, Waste-Water

? Jain, S. and Jayaram, R.V. (2009), Removal of fluoride from contaminated drinking water using unmodified and aluminium hydroxide impregnated blue lime stone waste. Separation Science and Technology, 44 (6), 1436-1451.

Full Text: 2009\Sep Sci Tec44, 1436.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of fluoride on lime stone (LS) and aluminium hydroxide impregnated lime stone (AlLS) was investigated using a batch adsorption technique. A series of experiments were under taken in an agitated batch adsorber to assess the effect of the system variables such as solution pH, dye concentration and temperature. Removal of fluoride was observed to be the most effective at pH 8. The langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium data. The results showed that the Freundlich equation fits better than the Langmuir equation. The maximum sorption capacities for the LS and AlLS adsorbents were found to be 43.10mg/g and AlLS 84.03mg/g respectively. The FTIR studies indicate that the adsorption of fluoride is physiorption. The adsorption of fluoride onto AlLS proceeds according to a pseudo-first-order model. The results reveal that the LS and AlLS can be economical for the removal of fluoride compared to many other expensive adsorbents.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Aqueous-Solution, Carbon, Defluoridation, Dialysis, Equilibrium, Fluoride, Impregnation, Isotherm, Kinetic Equation, Lime Stone, Powder, Removal

? Jain, S. and Jayaram, R.V. (2009), Removal of fluoride from contaminated drinking water using unmodified and aluminium hydroxide impregnated blue lime stone waste. Separation Science and Technology, 44 (6), 1436-1451.

Full Text: 2009\Sep Sci Tec44, 1436.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of fluoride on lime stone (LS) and aluminium hydroxide impregnated lime stone (AlLS) was investigated using a batch adsorption technique. A series of experiments were under taken in an agitated batch adsorber to assess the effect of the system variables such as solution pH, dye concentration and temperature. Removal of fluoride was observed to be the most effective at pH 8. The langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium data. The results showed that the Freundlich equation fits better than the Langmuir equation. The maximum sorption capacities for the LS and AlLS adsorbents were found to be 43.10 mg/g and AlLS 84.03 mg/g respectively. The FTIR studies indicate that the adsorption of fluoride is physiorption. The adsorption of fluoride onto AlLS proceeds according to a pseudo-first-order model. The results reveal that the LS and AlLS can be economical for the removal of fluoride compared to many other expensive adsorbents.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Aqueous-Solution, Carbon, Defluoridation, Dialysis, Equilibrium, Fluoride, Impregnation, Isotherm, Kinetic Equation, Lime Stone, Powder, Removal

? Wang, X.S. and Chen, J.P. (2009), Biosorption of congo red from aqueous solution using wheat bran and rice bran: Batch studies. Separation Science and Technology, 44 (6), 1452-1466.

Full Text: 2009\Sep Sci Tec44, 1452.pdf

Abstract: The batch adsorption experiments were carried out using low-cost agricultural by-products, wheat bran and rice bran, for the removal of Congo red from aqueous solution at pH 8.0 and temperature of 25C. Effects of important parameters such as contact time, adsorbent concentration, adsorbent modification and ion strength were investigated. The raw biomass and loaded Congo red biomass were characterized by FT-IR. The pseudo-first order equation and pseudo-second order equation were tested and the results showed that adsorption of Congo red followed the pseudo-second order very well. The Langmuir and Freundlich equations were applied to the data related to the adsorption isotherms and the observed maximum adsorption capacities (qm) were 22.73 and 14.63mg g^-1 for wheat bran and rice bran, respectively. The effects of adsorbent concentration and ionic strength on the Congo red adsorption were marked. The adsorption performance has been significantly improved using rice bran modified by [image omitted].

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Biosorption, Congo Red, Degradation, Dye Removal, Equilibrium, Heavy-Metal, Isotherm, Kinetics, Kinetics, Low-Cost Adsorbent, Methylene-Blue, Waste-Water

? Ahmad, R. and Mondal, P.K. (2009), Application of acid treated almond peel for removal and recovery of brilliant green from industrial wastewater by column operation. Separation Science and Technology,