Personal Research Database

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics35, 393.pdf

Keywords: Citation, Scientometrics

? Liang, L.M., Zhao, H.Z., Wang, Y. and Wu, Y.S. (1996), Distribution of major scientific and technological achievements in terms of age group - Weibull distribution. Scientometrics, 36 (1), 3-18.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 3.pdf

Abstract: A statistical analysis is made of two data sets and it is found that the distribution of major scientific and technological achievements in terms of the age of those achievement makers is Weibull distribution. Pearson’s chi(2) test results are satisfactory. This finding holds for different centuries, different nations and different disciplines.

Keywords: Achievement, Analysis, Statistical

? Gupta, B.M. and Karisiddappa, C.R. (1996), Author productivity patterns in theoretical population genetics (1900-1980). Scientometrics, 36 (1), 19-41.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 19.pdf

Abstract: Focuses on the validity of Lotka’s law and the negative binomial distribution model to author productivity data in different time periods in theoretical population genetics speciality. Finds out if there is any relation between applicability of a statistical distribution and the development of speciality. Looks at the linkages between inequality/concentration measures and the development of speciality. Explores the relevance and applicability of the two generalisations, namely Price Square Root Law and 80/20 Rule to the author productivity data and their relation with development of theoretical population genetics. Finally, a study of the growth of practitioners in the field with different productivity levels is conducted, and the emergence of core authors in the speciality is explored.

Keywords: Author, Authors, Development, Distributions, Genetics, Growth, Law, Lotka’s Law, Lotkas Law, Model, Nigeria, Population Genetics, Productivity, Productivity Patterns, Science, Statistical, Statistical Distribution, Validity Dickenson, R.P. (1996), The level of research in advanced composite materials in the countries of the former Soviet Union. Scientometrics, 36 (1), 43-57.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 43.pdf

Abstract: The advanced materials studied were those composites based on ceramic, boron, carbon and aramid fibres. Research level was quantified by a bibliometric analysis of publications, including a study of citations, an analysis of patents, a professional assessment of Soviet work by reviewing the open literature and by discussing with scientists and engineers in the former Soviet Union. The conclusion drawn was that the level of research in the former USSR did not match that in the West. There were, however, several niche areas were the level of research was comparable or in advance of the West, notably aramid fibres.

Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Citations, Literature, Patents, Research, Science

Godin, B. and Ippersiel, M.P. (1996), Scientific collaboration at the regional level: The case of a small country. Scientometrics, 36 (1), 59-68.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 59.pdf

Abstract: Despite the various studies on international collaboration, we still know very little about other forms of scientific collaboration. The present paper looks at collaboration at a national level, more particularly between regions in a country. It is found that regional collaboration is very limited. In fact, international collaboration is three times more important than regional collaboration. This can be explained by the fact that the competition center in science is international rather than national.

? Kundra, R. (1996), Investigation of collaborative research trends in Indian medical sciences: 1900-1945. Scientometrics, 36 (1), 69-80.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 69.pdf

Abstract: The decade beginning 1925 is important in the history of medical science in modern India. This is evident from the bibliometric study of the publications in the Indian Medical Gazette, from 1900 to 1945. The paper studies the evolution of collaboration in the field of medical sciences during this period. In order to do so the study determines the: (i) pattern of collaboration in basic and applied research in medical science; (ii) trends in the multiplicity of authors; and (iii) the type of collaboration for the period 1900-1945. The collaborative and authorship trends discussed in the paper suggests that medical science was still in the developing stage in India in the period 1900-1945, and there was a possibility of its expansion in the near future.

Keywords: Authors, Authorship, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Study, Collaboration, Evolution, History, India, Medical, Publications, Research, Research Trends, Science, Sciences, Scientific Co-Authorship, Trends

? Jiménez-Contreras, E. and FerreiroAláez, L. (1996), Publishing abroad: Fair trade or short sell for non-English-speaking authors? A Spanish study. Scientometrics, 36 (1), 81-95.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 81.pdf

Abstract: We investigated the integration into the international scientific literature of articles published by researchers at the University of Granada (Spain) between 1976 and 1987, in journals published outside of Spain. The Science Citation Index was used to measure integration, and the articles were classified for comparison into eight fields (clinical medicine, experimental medicine, geology, chemistry, physics, biology, pharmaceutical science and mathematics). The minimum criterion for integration was considered fulfilled when the size of the two communities of citing authors considered (Spanish and non-Spanish) was equal, i.e., when the absolute number of citations in both communities was equal. On the basis of this criterion, articles in clinical medicine and experimental medicine were found to be integrated into the international literature. The regression lines for the number of citations per year in each field in the two communities of citing authors were parallel, indicating that integration of Spanish publications in these two fields was stationary. Of the fields found not to be integrated, the lines for pharmaceutical science citations in the two communities indicated little sign of future change in the proportion of Spanish to non-Spanish citations. Citations in the remaining five fields indicated a steady decrease in integration. We introduce the concept of the “drag effect” of national citations on citation indices in the international literature: a sharp increase in the number of Spanish articles published in non-Spanish journals may exceed the capacity of the international community to “absorb”, understand and cite these new publications.

Keywords: Articles, Authors, Biology, Capacity, Citation, Citation Indices, Citations, Clinical Medicine, Experimental, Integration, Journals, Literature, Medicine, Publications, Publishing, Researchers, Science, Science Citation Index, Scientific Literature, Spain, University

? Egghe, L. and Rousseau, R. (1996), Average and global impact of a set of journals. Scientometrics, 36 (1), 97-107.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 97.pdf

Abstract: In this note we clarify some notions concerning citations, publications, and their quotients: impact and indifference (a measure of invisibility, introduced in this article). In particular, we show that the slope of the regression line of the impact as a function of the number of publications is positive if and only if the global impact, i.e. the impact of the set of all journals under consideration, is larger than the average impact of all journals.

Keywords: Citations, Impact, Journals, Publications

? Rajeswari, A.R. (1996), Indian patents statistics - An analysis. Scientometrics, 36 (1), 109-130.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 109.pdf

Keywords: Analysis, Statistics

Schubert, A. (1996), Scientometrics: A citation based bibliography, 1992. Scientometrics, 36 (1), 131-140.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 131.pdf

? Gabolde, I. (1996), First international conference on the evaluation of research technology and development - 26, 27 & 28 April 1995, Thessaloniki, Greece - Opening address (vol 34, pg 317, 1995). Scientometrics, 36 (1), 143.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 143.pdf

Keywords: Development, Evaluation, Greece, Research, Technology

? Braun, T. and Schubert, A. (1996), Indicators of research output in the sciences from 5 central European countries, 1990-1994. Scientometrics, 36 (2), 145-165.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 145.pdf

Keywords: Countries, Datafiles, Indicators, Research, Research Output, Sciences

? deLooze, M.A., Coronini, R., Legentil, M., Jeannin, P. and Magri, M.H. (1996), Determining the core of journals of a research centre: The example of researchers from the department of rural economy and sociology of the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France. Scientometrics, 36 (2), 167-183.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 167.pdf

Abstract: This paper analyses the determination of visibility of journals in which researchers of INRA (National Institute for Agricultural Research) publish. The corpus is comprised of 671 articles published over a period of four years in 258 journals. The advantage of the method applied for determining the visibility of journals is that it combines two approaches: a) bibliometric indicators (coverage by the ISI-publications and by two specific French databases) and b) experts’ opinions (10 economists and sociologists). The main results are: a) There is a convergence between the opinion of the experts and visibility, in the databases, b) The impact factor confirms the main opinions of the experts. The first journals ranked by the experts and JCR Social Sciences are the same but represent only 40 per cent of the total journals analysed. The other journals were revealed by the experts and French databases. “Whoever seeks to pass a balanced but lucid judgement on the general trends of the activity carried out by the profession to which he belongs, is liable to say either banalities or to hurt his colleagues”.

Keywords: Articles, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Coverage, Databases, France, French, Humanities, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicators, JCR, Journals, Performance, Research, Researchers, Sciences, Social Sciences, Sociologists, Sociology, Trends, Visibility

? Prpic, K. (1996), Characteristics and determinants of eminent scientists’ productivity. Scientometrics, 36 (2), 185-206.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 185.pdf

Abstract: The empirical research on the sample of 385 eminent Croatian scientists was carried out in order to explore the patterns and factors of their scientific productivity. The study design made it possible to compare the results with those obtained in the 1990 survey on a sample of the research population. The average scientific productivity of eminent researchers is not only several times larger but also shows a more intensive scientific collaboration and orientation towards the international scientific arena, The most important predictors of the elite’s productivity are also qualificational and organizational variables but of a more selective nature. By including the eminent scientists’ gatekeeping roles, the explanation of their total, co-authored and foreign publications can be improved.

Keywords: Characteristics, Citation, Collaboration, Cumulative Advantage, Design, Determinants, Dispute, Ortega Hypothesis, Predictors, Productivity, Publication Productivity, Publications, Research, Researchers, Rise, Science, Scientific Collaboration, Scientific Productivity, Stratification, Survey

? Galante, E. and Sala, C. (1996), R&D evaluation at the Italian National Research Council: The agricultural sector. Scientometrics, 36 (2), 207-222.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 207.pdf

Abstract: The principles and methodology of intra-mural and extra-mural research assessment developed at the Italian National Research Council are critically described. Information is given about the organisation of agricultural research system.

Keywords: Assessment, Evaluation, Methodology, R&D, Research

? Vinkler, P. (1996), Model for quantitative selection of relative scientometric impact indicators. Scientometrics, 36 (2), 223-236.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 223.pdf

Abstract: A model experiment is presented for the quantitative selection of relative scientometric impact indicators used in evaluating the scientific impact, of papers. The Relative Subfield Citedness (R(W)) indicator proved to be the most appropriate according to the criteria chosen. R(W) increases with the number of citations to the papers and, in contrast to other relative impact indicators, does not decrease if an author chooses to publish most of his papers in journals with large impact factors or if most of the citations to his papers are to the ones in journals with the largest impact factors.

Keywords: Citations, Citedness, Criteria, Impact, Impact Factors, Indicators, Journals, Model, Publications, Quantitative, Scientific Impact, Selection, Subfields

? Trimble, V. (1996), Productivity and impact of large optical telescopes. Scientometrics, 36 (2), 237-246.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 237.pdf

Abstract: An attempt is made to provide quantitative measures of the amount of data gathered at large optical telescopes throughout the world and the impact these data have on astronomical research. The data base comprises 1163 papers reporting data from 39 telescopes, published between January 1990 and June 1991, and 4052 citations to them in 1993. Productivity measured in papers per square meter of telescope mirror varies by a factor of six, and impact measured in citations per paper varies by a factor of more than 10. Predictably, high productivity and high impact are associated with telescopes located at good sites and fully supported for many years by organizations with large budgets. Low productivity and low impact are associated with less favorable locations, short periods of operation, and financial stringency. In addition, the most productive telescopes seem to be ones whose users include astronomers from a wide range of geographical locations.

Keywords: Citations, Impact, Low, Papers, Productivity, Quantitative, Research, Sites

Braun, T. and Glänzel, W. (1996), International collaboration: Will it be keeping alive East European research? Scientometrics, 36 (2), 247-254.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 247.pdf

Abstract: International scientific collaboration is very sensitive to political and economic changes in a country or a geopolitical region. Collaboration in research is reflected by die corresponding co-authorship of the published results which can be analysed with the help of bibliometric methods. Based on data from the Science Citation Index (SCI), the change of annual international co-authorship patterns of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and Romania have been analysed for die periods 1981-1985 and 1984-1993, respectively. It is shown that international collaboration was not developing similarly in the countries under study. Whilst scientific communities of Hungary and Poland have already been opening in the early 80s, the international collaboration of the other East-European countries was still dominated by COMECON relations till 1989. As expected, since 1990 an increasing scientific collaboration with highly developed countries can be observed in all five countries. At the same time, scientific collaboration with the former communist countries shows a clear decline. The great share of international co-authorship links in some countries reflect various tendencies part of which are interpreted with the help of a cardiologic model.

Keywords: Scientific Collaboration, Sciences

? Breimer, L.H. (1996), Authorship on and usage of published papers in current Swedish biomedical theses. Scientometrics, 36 (2), 255-258.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 255.pdf

Abstract: Swedish publication-based biomedical doctoral dissertations examined since 1992 were compared with a sample from 1968-92. Theses in either group had an average of four published papers and one submitted manuscript. The average number of authors per paper was four in the 1992+ sample, an increase of one author on the 1968-92. The candidate was first or sole author on 77% of papers indicating that the same paper is not used for several theses. It is proposed that three papers should form the basis of a common European PhD if this is to be completed, including examined, within three years, and four papers if four years.

Keywords: Author, Authors, Authorship, Biomedical, Dissertations, Papers

Uzun, A. (1996), A bibliometric analysis of physics publications from Middle Eastern countries. Scientometrics, 36 (2), 259-269.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 259.pdf

Abstract: I studied the publication efforts in physics in Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Turkey in terms of a total number of 2368 papers from these countries in international journals for 1990-1994. I looked for the national contributions, main subjects of activity, journal preferences of authors, and co-authorship patterns. Comparisons show that physicists from Egypt and Turkey combined, produced 75% of the total publication output. Half of the Egyptian papers went only to 16% of a set of 115 journals that publish papers from this country. Such a high concentration of papers in a few journals was not the case for the rest of the countries. Condensed matter physics was found to be among the three most active subjects for the countries except Iran. Iranian authors tended to be more active in astrosciences, and nuclear science and technology. I found a change in the publication patterns of the Middle Eastern physicists in the direction of decreasing isolation and increasing collaboration

Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Citation Impact, Collaboration, English, Journal, Journals, Output, Publication, Science, Scientometrics, Trends, Turkey

Schubert, A. (1996), Scientometrics: A citation based bibliography, 1993. Scientometrics, 36 (2), 273-280.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 273.pdf

Kostoff, R.N. (1996), Performance measures for government-sponsored research: Overview and background. Scientometrics, 36 (3), 281-292.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 281.pdf

Narin, F. and Hamilton, K.S. (1996), Bibliometric performance measures. Scientometrics, 36 (3), 293-310.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 293.pdf

Abstract: Three different types of bibliometrics - literature bibliometrics, patent bibliometrics, and linkage bibliometric can all be used to address various government performance and results questions. Applications of these three bibliometric types will be described within the framework of Weinberg’s internal and external criteria, whether the work being done is good science, efficiently and effectively done, and whether it is important science from a technological viewpoint. Within all bibliometrics the fundamental assumption is that the frequency with which a set of papers or patents is cited is a measure of the impact or influence of the set of papers. The literature bibliometric indicators are counts of publications and citations received in the scientific literature and various derived indicators including such phenomena as cross-sectoral citation, coauthorship and concentration within influential journals. One basic observation of literature bibliometrics, which carries over to patent bibliometrics, is that of highly skewed distributions - with a relatively small number of high-impact patents and papers, and large numbers of patents and papers of minimal impact. The key measure is whether an agency is producing or supporting highly cited papers and patents. The final set of data are in the area of linkage bibliometrics, looking at citations from patents to scientific papers. These are particularly relevant to the external criteria, in that it is quite obvious that institutions and supporting agencies whose papers are highly cited in patents are making measurable contributions to a nation’s technological progress.

Schubert, A. and Braun, T. (1996), Cross-field normalization of scientometric indicators. Scientometrics, 36 (3), 311-324.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 311.pdf

Abstract: Comparative assessment of scientometric indicators is greatly hindered by the different standards valid in different science fields and subfields. Indicators concerning to different fields can be compared only after first gauging them against a properly chosen reference standard, and their relative standing can then be compared. Methods of selecting reference standards and scaling procedures are surveyed in this study, and examples are given to their practical application.

Keywords: Skew Distributions, Countries

? Link, A.N. (1996), Economic performance measures for evaluating government-sponsored research. Scientometrics, 36 (3), 325-342.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 325.pdf

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss, in general terms, evaluation issues related to government-sponsored research and to describe and critique the usefulness of economic performance measures for evaluating such activity. Herein is presented an overview of the economic justification for government-sponsored research and the rationale for its evaluation. Also, fundamental evaluation methods are described. The paper ends with a recommendation that benefit-cost analysis may be the most appropriate economic performance measure when evaluating government-sponsored research if used cautiously and with an understanding of its inherent subjectivity.

Keywords: Analysis, Basic Research, Evaluation, Overview, Performance Measure, Performance Measures, Productivity Increase, Research

Martin, B.R. (1996), The use of multiple indicators in the assessment of basic research. Scientometrics, 36 (3), 343-362.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 343.pdf

Abstract: This paper argues that evaluations of basic research are best carried out using a range of indicators. After setting out the reasons why assessments of government-funded basic research are increasingly needed, we examine the multi-dimensional nature of basic research. This is followed by a conceptual analysis of what the different indicators of basic research actually measure. Having discussed the limitations of various indicators, we describe the method of converging partial indicators used in several SPRU evaluations. Yet although most of those who now use science indicators would agree that a combination of indicators is desirable, analysis of a sample of Scientometrics articles suggests that in practice many continue to use just one or two indicators. The paper also reports the results of a survey of academic researchers. They, too, are strongly in favour of research evaluations being based on multiple indicators combined with peer review. The paper ends with a discussion as to why multiple indicators are not used more frequently.

Keywords: Accelerators, Cern, Future-Prospects, High-Energy Physics, Past Performance, Research, Science

Melin, G. and Persson, O. (1996), Studying research collaboration using co-authorships. Scientometrics, 36 (3), 363-377.

Full Text: 1996\Scientometrics36, 363.pdf

Abstract: Scientific collaboration has become a major issue in science policy. The tremendous growth of collaboration among nations and research institutions witnessed during the last twenty years is a function of the internal dynamics of science as well as science policy initiatives. The need to survey and follow up the collaboration issue calls for statistical indicators sensitive enough to reveal the structure and change of collaborative networks. In this context, bibliometric analysis of co-authored scientific articles is one promising approach. This paper discusses the relationship between collaboration and co-authorship, the nature of bibliometric data, and exemplifies how they can be refined and used to analyse various aspects of collaboration.

Keywords: International Scientific Collaboration, Science

? Geisler, E. (1996), Integrated figure of merit of public sector research evaluation. Scientometrics,