Personal Research Database

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics45, 551.pdf

Keywords: Information, Innovation

? Oborne, M. (1999), Universities - Engines of innovation in the information society. Scientometrics, 45 (3), 557-560.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics45, 557.pdf

Keywords: Information, Innovation

? Kuklinski, A. (1999), The European University in the global landscape of the 21st century. Scientometrics, 45 (3), 561-564.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics45, 561.pdf

Keywords: Global, Landscape

? Skalicky, P. (1999), Universities - Engines of innovation in the information society. Scientometrics, 45 (3), 565-566.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics45, 565.pdf

Keywords: Information, Innovation

? Bundschuh, E. (1999), Closing remarks. Scientometrics, 45 (3), 567.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics45, 557.pdf

? Routti, J. (1999), Closing remarks. Scientometrics, 45 (3), 569-570.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics45, 569.pdf

? Einem, C. (1999), Closing session. Scientometrics, 45 (3), 571-572.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics45, 571.pdf

Le Pair, C. (1999), Speech on the occasion of the presentation of the 1999 Derek de Solla Price Award to Drs. Wolfgang Glänzel and Henk Moed at the ISSI Conference held at Colima, Mexico. Scientometrics, 46 (1), 5-9.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 5.pdf

Keywords: Mexico

Dahoun, A.M. (1999), Black Africa in the Science Citation Index. Scientometrics, 46 (1), 11-18.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 11.pdf

Abstract: According to a quantitative analysis of the publications of the Black African Countries indexed in the SCI between 1992 to 1998, Nigeria seems to be the leader in scientific production on the black continent during that period (the term ‘Black Africa’ refers to all African countries excluding South Africa, Maghrebi, and Egypt). However, an analysis that only takes into account the number of publications does not necessarily disclose very much about neither the dynamics of the respective scientific community nor about the representativity of the country’s production with respect to its total population. Therefore, the number of publications per country is compared with the respective total population. According to this method, Kenya turns out to be the leader in scientific-publication production and several other countries get higher ranks. Additionally, any evaluation of scientific production in that part of the world should also take into account the specific features of these countries, e.g. the difficulties in publication and the existence of a large number of unpublished texts.

Keywords: Africa, Analysis, Citation, Community, Dynamics, Egypt, Evaluation, Features, Index, Kenya, Nigeria, Population, Production, Publication, Publications, Quantitative Analysis, SCI, Science, Science Citation Index, Scientific Production, South Africa

Garg, K.C. and Padhi, P. (1999), Scientometrics of institutional productivity of laser science and technology. Scientometrics, 46 (1), 19-38.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 19.pdf

Abstract: An analysis of 4650 publications abstracted in Journal of Current Laser Abstracts (JCLA) during April 1990 - March 1991 indicates that 50 institutions located in 14 countries contributed about 39% of the S&T output. Twenty two of these institutions were from the USA, four each from Japan and the former USSR. Academic and research institutions were mainly concentrating their research efforts either in theoretical or experimental laser research. However, the industrial houses pursued their research in applications of the lasers. Most of these institutions published their output in scientific journals, but a few institutions had large amounts of technical reports and patents to their credit. Most of the institutions resembled in their activity and attractivity profiles. The values of normalized impact per paper, publication effectivity index and proportion of high quality papers for 12 institutions were less than average.

Keywords: Activity, Analysis, Applications, Experimental, Impact, Index, Indicators, Industrial, Institutions, Japan, Output, Paper, Patents, Productivity, Profiles, Publication, Publications, Quality, Research, Science, USA, USSR

de Marchi, M. and Rocchi, M. (1999), Summing up approaches to the study of science and technology indicators. Scientometrics, 46 (1), 39-49.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 39.pdf

Abstract: Attempts to reduce the multiplicity and variety of the range of indicators presently used to measure science and technology to lean patterns have so far proved unsuccessful.

The reason for this is the ongoing lack of an all-comprehensive theory to rationalise every aspect of intricate and as yet obscure processes such as scientific discovery and technological innovation. We ought to expect from a theory of scientific and technological progress satisfactory not only in abstract terms but also as an empirical analysis is a composition of two aspects - static and dynamic - in a few homogeneous variables.

Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric Analysis, Citations, Composition, Dynamic, Homogeneous, Impact, Indicators, Industrial-Innovation, Innovation, Patents, Range, Research Performance, Science, Static, Technological Innovation, Theory

Arkhipov, D.B. (1999), Scientometric analysis of Nature, the journal. Scientometrics, 46 (1), 51-72.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 51.pdf

Abstract: 300,000 reports in Nature during the 1869-1998 period have been reviewed. The distribution of articles by subfields was determined. Additional sources of information were several journals on analytical chemistry and papers at the Pittsburg conference series during 1950-1999. The methodology used is based on the analysis of the average age of employed instruments. The agreement between scientometric data from various sources of information depends on the development stage of the field of science. Calculated and measured scientometric curves were compared. One of the key trends in the development of basic sciences, namely, the increase of articles dealing with instrumental analytical chemistry, in Nature is revealed.

Keywords: Age, Analysis, Analytical Chemistry, Development, Distribution, Evolution, Indicators, Information, Journal, Key, Methodology, Physics, Science, Sciences, Sources, Sources of Information, Trends

? Hayashi, T. and Fujigaki, Y. (1999), Differences in knowledge production between disciplines based on analysis of paper styles and citation patterns. Scientometrics, 46 (1), 73-86.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 73.pdf

Abstract: To identify the differences in the knowledge production between disciplines, we analyzed the. relation between the average paper length and impact factor of 100 journals from 5 disciplines. We found negative correlation between the average length and the impact factor in the natural sciences, but not in the social sciences. We also analyzed the structures of paper and the citation patterns. These analyses are expanded to the comparison between Mode 1 and Mode 2. All results showed the natural sciences articles could emphasize the differences from previous studies and be diffused effectively by the short standardized style of paper.

Keywords: Analysis, Citation, Comparison, Correlation, Impact, Impact Factor, Knowledge, Natural, Paper, Production, Research Performance, Sciences, Social, Social Sciences

Andersen, H. (1999), Political attitudes and cognitive convictions among Danish social science researchers. Scientometrics, 46 (1), 87-108.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 87.pdf

Abstract: Interview data from a survey among Danish researchers, mainly from social sciences (all disciplines, about on third of all) are used to examine connections between researcher political attitudes and their disciplinary cognitive paradigms. Included are researchers’ convictions concerning world view hypotheses, their basic assumptions regarding the subject matter in their fields of study, e.g., individuals, social action, and society as a whole, and their epistemic ideals and goals. Political attitude is indicated by researchers’ voting in the 1994 general election of the Danish Parliament. The results show big differences between social science disciplines regarding voting pattern. The analysis also clearly demonstrates connections between disciplinary cognitive convictions and political attitudes. The connections are interpreted as expressions of hermeneutic, historical links between political discourse formations and disciplinary paradigms.

Keywords: Analysis, Attitude, Attitudes, General, Historical, Matter, Science, Sciences, Social, Social Sciences, Survey

? Nagpaul, P.S. (1999), Transnational linkages of Indian science: A structural analysis. Scientometrics, 46 (1), 109-140.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 109.pdf

Abstract: This study analyzes the pattern of transnational linkages of Indian science in eleven scientific fields (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Earth & Space Science, Agriculture, Clinical Medicine, Biomedical Research, Engineering & Technology, Computer Science, and Materials Science) during the five-year period: 1990-1994. The following indicators are constructed to examine inter-field and inter-country differences in India’s transnational linkages: Internationalization index, Cooperation index, Cooperation extensiveness index and Affinity index. A four-category typology is proposed to classify the fields according to their propensities for attracting bilateral and multilateral cooperation with foreign countries. The structure of multidimensional system of relationships between India’s thirty-five most significant partner countries and eleven scientific fields is analyzed through correspondence analysis. A series of correspondence analyses are carried out on subsets of the multidimensional data to reveal the fine-grained structure of India’s cooperation links in clusters of specific fields and with clusters of specific countries.

Keywords: Analysis, Bilateral, Clusters, Index, Indicators, International Scientific Collaboration, Science, Structural Analysis, Structure, Typology

Souza, G.D., Alves, E. and Ávila, A.F.D. (1999), Technical efficiency of production in agricultural research. Scientometrics, 46 (1), 141-160.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 141.pdf

Abstract: We define and model research production at Embrapa, the major Brazilian institution responsible for applied agricultural research. The main theoretical framework used is Data Envelopment Analysis - DEA. The economic interpretation of these models is explored to assess scale, congestion and cost efficiencies. Efficiency results are used to test for differences among types of research units and for the scale of operation. A further analysis of agricultural research in Brazil is carried out with the inclusion of three research centers in Argentina. Finally, DEA estimates are compared with the fit of a stochastic frontier.

Keywords: Agricultural, Analysis, Argentina, Brazil, Cost, Data Envelopment Analysis, Economic, Efficiency, Inclusion, Model, Models, Operation, Production, Research, Scale, Stochastic, Test

Melin, G. (1999), Impact of national size on research collaboration: A comparison between Northern European and American universities. Scientometrics, 46 (1), 161-170.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 161.pdf

Abstract: It is generally assumed that there is a negative correlation between national scientific size and amount of international research collaboration: The larger the size is of the national scientific arena, the lesser the amount of international research collaboration. In this study, the collaboration pattern of 49 universities is analysed and a comparison is made between the Northern European and American universities in our sample. It was found that the American universities have more national and less international collaboration than the European ones. However, for the European universities there are no impact of national size although the countries differ much in scientific size. This deviation from the general trend indicates that the above-mentioned explanation is too simple and that national scientific size does not correlate negatively with the amount of international research collaboration without exceptions.

Keywords: Collaboration, Comparison, Correlation, General, Impact, International Collaboration, Made, Research, Research Collaboration, Size, Trend, Universities

Schubert, A. (1999), On science journals in science journals 1980-1998. Scientometrics, 46 (1), 171-212.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 171.pdf

Keywords: Science

Wagner-Dobler, R. and Berg, J. (1999), Physics 1800-1900: A quantitative outline. Scientometrics, 46 (2), 213-285.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 213.pdf

Abstract: The authors utilize the index of the Catalogue of Scientific papers of the Royal Society of London dealing with the physics journal literature of the 19th century. Graphs of the publication activity of the entire 19th-century physics and of about 50 of its most important subareas are displayed, both the number of active contributors in each area, the number of papers and its share of publications of the entire 19th century physics are exhibited. Typical scientometric regularities such as ‘Lotka’s law’ (with regard to the number of papers and the number of areas treated by physicists) are confirmed. In addition, the shares of the leading countries of important physical discoveries in the 19th century are studied.

Keywords: Activity, Index, Journal, London, Physical, Publication, Publications

? Bird, J.E. and Bird, M.D. (1999), Do peer-reviewed journal papers result from meeting abstracts of the biennial conference on the biology of marine mammals? Scientometrics, 46 (2), 287-297.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 287.pdf

Abstract: Peer-reviewed publication is at the core of scientific communication. However, with the exception of biomedicine, there has been little analysis of the rate of peer-reviewed publication resulting from conference abstracts. This study examined a random sample of abstracts from the 1989 and 1991 Biennial Conferences on the Biology of Marine Mammals to determine how many were published as peer-reviewed papers. Publication rates were 51.4% (±4.7%) and 51.2% (±4.6%) respectively. This low abstract-to-publication rate, coupled with editorial policies prohibiting citation of conference abstracts in some journals, limits access to recent research, and thus affects the vibrance of the discipline.

Keywords: Access, Analysis, Biology, Biomedicine, Citation, Communication, Core, Editorial Policies, Fate, Journal, Low, Mammals, Marine, Marine Mammals, Publication, Random Sample, Recent, Research, Scientific Communication

de Moya-Anegón, F. and Herrero-Solana, V. (1999), Science in America Latina: A comparison of bibliometric and scientific-technical indicators. Scientometrics, 46 (2), 299-320.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 299.pdf

Abstract: Latin-American scientific achievement is generally under-represented in databases for a number of reasons pointed out in our study. In this paper we analyze Latin-American scientific production in terms of input (resources) and output (publications). The indicators used were: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), economically active population (EAP), percentage of GNP destined to R+D, and total number of researchers dedicated to R+D. These indicators were subjected to bivariant analysis to determine the degree of correlation with the number of ISI publications.

Keywords: Achievement, Analysis, Bibliometric, Citation Analysis, Comparison, Correlation, Databases, Developing-Countries, GDP, Impact, Indicators, International Collaboration, ISI, Mathematics, Output, Paper, Population, Production, Publications, Scientific Production, World Science

Yurtsever, E. and Gülgöz, S. (1999), The increase in the rate of publications originating from Turkey. Scientometrics, 46 (2), 321-336.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 321.pdf

Abstract: The scientific publications of 231 chemistry professors employed at Turkish Universities are studied for a period of 10 years. The quantitative as well as the qualitative aspects of the trends in the scientific information output of this group are analyzed in order to evaluate the underlying facts of the recent increase in the number of publications coming from Turkey. The selected group is a fairly good representative of the Turkish scientific community and our observations could be generalized to describe the development of basic sciences in Turkey. We conclude that even though there exists a serious increase in the scientific output from Turkey, a rather small portion of the studied group is responsible both for high number of publications and for higher quality.

Keywords: Citation Analysis, Community, Countries, Development, Group, Information, Journal Impact, Order, Output, Publications, Qualitative, Quality, Recent, Science, Sciences, Scientific Information, Scientific Output, Scientific Publications, Trends, Turkey, World

Bookstein, A. and Yitzhaki, M. (1999), Own-language preference: A new measure of ‘relative language self-citation’. Scientometrics, 46 (2), 337-348.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 337.pdf

Abstract: A significant portion of scientometrics research involves studies of relative citation rates to groups of citable items. This paper examines the relative citation rates to own-language as compared to foreign language materials. A simple probabilistic model of citation behavior is defined, which suggests a natural measure of relative citation rate. Unlike earlier indicators, our measure is independent of the size of the base population.

Keywords: Base, Behavior, Citation, Groups, Indicators, Language, Materials, Model, Natural, Paper, Population, Preference, Research, Scientometrics, Size

Fernández-Cano, A. and Bueno, A. (1999), Synthesizing scientometric patterns in Spanish educational research. Scientometrics, 46 (2), 349-367.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 349.pdf

Abstract: Educational research systems as the Spanish one can be studied using scientometric tools. Here 41 secondary-bibliometric studies are synthesized in a tertiary study, which could illuminate the nature of this research system, revealing at the same time its underlying framework. A clustering procedure reveals how this system has been scientometrically approached through the time.

Keywords: Clustering, Research, Tools

Bar-Ilan, J. and Peritz, B.C. (1999), The life span of a specific topic on the Web: The case of ‘informetrics’: A quantitative analysis. Scientometrics, 46 (3), 371-382.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 371.pdf

Abstract: In this case study a first attempt was made to explore data on the Web for a certain period of time by using bibliometric methods for analysis. The period under investigation was between January 3, 1998 and June 7, 1998. An additional search was carried out on June 20, 1999. The terms used were ‘informetrics or informetric’. The results show that substantial changes occurred to the ‘literature on the Web’ on informetrics during this period. Three specific trends were observed: some documents disappeared, new ones were added and some underwent changes.

Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Methods, Case Study, Informetrics, Investigation, Life, Made, Methods, Overlap, Quantitative Analysis, Search Engines, Trends

? Bordons, M., Zulueta, M.A., Romero, F. and Barrigon, S. (1999), Measuring interdisciplinary collaboration within a university: The effects of the Multidisciplinary Research Programme. Scientometrics, 46 (3), 383-398.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 383.pdf

Abstract: A Multidisciplinary Research Programme (MRP) is being developed since 1989 in the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain, to support cross-disciplinary research projects. This paper analyses the incidence of interdisciplinarity in the UCM scientific publications over the period 1990-96 and tries to determine the success of the Programme at fostering cross-disciplinary research. Interdisciplinary in the UCM is measured through the collaboration of authors from different institutional addresses within the UCM, both in scientific publications and in research projects. Publications jointly signed by the different teams that collaborate in the projects were identified as an indicator of the success of the Programme in integrating disciplines, interdisciplinary collaboration within the UCM showed an upward trend over time. Publications of MRP groups showed a higher interdisciplinary collaboration rate than the rest of the UCM (17% vs. 9%). Dramatic repercussions of the Programme were not expected due to its limited magnitude, but it worked as a catalyst, enhancing interdisciplinary relations within the UCM. The interest of such a programme is supported by its effects, both direct effects on granted teams and indirect on the whole UCM community.

Keywords: Catalyst, Collaboration, Community, Effects, Groups, Incidence, Indicator, Interdisciplinary, Interdisciplinary Collaboration, Madrid, MRP, Paper, Publications, Research, Research Projects, Science, Scientific Publications, Spain, Support, Trend

Davis, M., Wilson, C.S. and Hood, W.W. (1999), Ophthalmology and optics: An informetric study of Australia’s contribution to fields in the vision science domain, 1991-95. Scientometrics, 46 (3), 399-416.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 399.pdf

Abstract: The paper provides data from a first exploration of the literature of Vision Science as seen bibliometrically through the ISI’s three citation indexes, SCI, SSCI, & AHCI. The main focus of analysis is on the major fields of Ophthalmology and Optics (SC=OPTICS and SC=OPHTHALMOLOGY) with a focus on Australia’s contribution to those literatures. Australia’s publication frequency vis-a-vis the world, its collaboration with authors from other nations, and the journals in which Australians most frequently publish are shown. Comparison of productivity is made for countries of similar scientific stature, or of language and Commonwealth status.

Keywords: Analysis, Citation, Citation Indexes, Collaboration, Exploration, Language, Made, Optics, Paper, Productivity, Publication, SCI, Science, Vision

? Egghe, L. (1999), A model for measuring the congestion in library shelves. Scientometrics, 46 (3), 417-430.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 417.pdf

Abstract: A model for measuring the congestion in library shelves after j years (j is an element of N) is obtained by taking j-fold convolutions of the distributions that describe the yearly growth of literature (e.g., periodicals, books on a certain topic,...) From this one can estimate the expected number of critical points in the shelf, after j years. One can also calculate the probability that there will be m (m is an element of N) critical points after j years. The paper closes by examining two concrete cases.

Keywords: Concrete, Distributions, Growth, Law, Model, Paper, Periodicals, Probability

? Glänzel, W., Schubert, A., Schoepflin, U. and Czerwon, H.J. (1999), An item-by-item subject classification of papers published in journals covered by the SSCI database using reference analysis. Scientometrics, 46 (3), 431-441.

Full Text: 1999\Scientometrics46, 431.pdf

Abstract: A serious shortcoming of bibliometric studies based on the Social Sciences Citation Index is the lack of a universally applicable subject classification scheme as individual papers are concerned. Moreover, the selective coverage of more than thousand scientific journals per annum proved to be an insuperable obstacle in the delimitation of social science subject areas. Subject classification of papers on the basis of assigning journals to subject categories (like those found in the various supplements of ISI databases) works well in case of fully covered and highly specialised journals in the social sciences, too, but fails for multidisciplinary and selectively covered journals. This study presents the results of an item-by-item subject classification approach, where assignment is based on the analysis of the subject categories of reference literature This analysis extends the results of an earlier study by the authors on the possibility of delimiting subfields in the hard and life sciences based on reference analysis. The assignment proved also reliable for a considerable share of literature in the social sciences. Due to the peculiarities of the database this share is lower in the SSCI than that in the SCI. Although an iterated application of the procedure is expected to increase the number of classifiable publications, it is suggested that in the social sciences the method should be used in combination with other means of subject assignment.

Keywords: Analysis, Application, Approach, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Studies, Classification, Coverage, Database, Databases, ISI, Journals, Life, Life Sciences, Literature, Multidisciplinary, Papers, Procedure, Publications, SCI, Science, Sciences, Scientific Journals, Social, Social Sciences, SSCI

Gómez, I., Sancho, R., Moreno, L. and Fernández, M.T. (1999), Influence of Latin American journals coverage by international databases. Scientometrics,