Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2002\Scientometrics54, 145.pdf

Abstract: We describe the Chinese Scientometric Indicators (CSI), an indicator database derived from the Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD). Its design is supported by the Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC). In this indicator database data of a statistical nature are organized and categorized leading to ranked lists and providing bases for comparisons among Chinese institutions and regions.

Larsen, B. (2002), Exploiting citation overlaps for Information Retrieval: Generating a boomerang effect from the network of scientific papers. Scientometrics, 54 (2), 155-178.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics54, 155.pdf

Abstract: A new citation search strategy is proposed for Information Retrieval (IR) based on the principle of polyrepresentation (Ingwersen, 1992, 1996). The strategy exploits logical overlaps between a range of cognitively different interpretations of the same documents in a structured manner, i.e. so-called cognitive overlaps of representations. The strategy is essentially a ‘cycling strategy’ starting with documents retrieved by a subject search, wherefrom new documents are identified automatically by following the network of citations in scientific papers backwards and forwards in time. In contrast to earlier citation search strategies the proposed strategy does not require known relevant documents (seed documents) as a starting point, but may be based on a subject search. A pilot study is reported where the ability of the strategy to retrieve additional relevant documents is analysed. Results show that a very large amount of documents can be retrieved by the strategy, and that these may be segmented in a number of distinct ‘overlap levels’. It is demonstrated that the combined core of the higher-level overlaps contains higher relevance density than found in the original retrieval results. Based on these results it is suggested that the documents be displayed in order of their presence in higher-level overlaps, so as to maximise the chances that as many relevant documents as possible will be presented first to a user.

Keywords: Systems, Science, Design, Web

Lewison, G. (2002), From biomedical research to health improvement. Scientometrics, 54 (2), 179-192.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics54, 179.pdf

Abstract: Traditional means of analysis of research outputs have focussed on citations to papers in journals in other journal publications. But these only chronicle the early stages whereby research in biomedicine is converted into health improvement through better patient care and through preventive measures. New evaluation methods, still based on the concept of citation of research in other documents, are needed and are now being developed. These include the use of textbooks in medical education and the analysis of governmental regulations and health policies, which can influence both the availability of new drugs and the control of toxic substances in food and the environment. There is also an interest in the way that newspapers report biomedical research advances. Readers include politicians, healthcare professionals, the general public (who are increasingly becoming active consumers of healthcare products) and other researchers who may value the immediacy of the reporting. Newspaper articles tend to focus on fashionable topics and to offer premature hopes of cures to disease, but they can also provide a valuable service in showing the importance of animal experiments to biomedical progress. It would be useful to create an international database of newspaper citations through a consortium of partners in different countries who would agree a common protocol and exchange information on a regular basis.

Keywords: Citations, Evaluation, Journals, Research

Narváez-Berthelemot, N., Russell, J.M., Arvanitis, R., Waast, R. and Gaillard, J. (2002), Science in Africa: An overview of mainstream scientific output. Scientometrics, 54 (2), 229-241.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics54, 229.pdf

Abstract: The total scientific output of mainstream articles for the 15 most productive African countries for the period 1991 to 1997 was 45,080, with South Africa and Egypt publishing 15,725 and 10,433, respectively. The productions of these two top ranked countries varied little from 1991-1997 while others such as the Maghreb countries increased between 75-102%. Total contributions were mainly in the fields of Clinical Medicine (36%), Biology (17%), Chemistry (14%), and Biomedical Research (12%). papers in international collaboration were overriding in Biomedical Research, Biology, Earth and Space Science, and Physics. Institutions in the US were the principal collaborators followed closely by those in France.

Nelson, M. and Downie, J.S. (2002), Informetric analysis of a music database. Scientometrics, 54 (2), 243-255.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics54, 243.pdf

Abstract: We analyse the statistical properties a database of musical notes for the purpose of designing an information retrieval system as part of the Musifind project. In order to reduce the amount of musical information we convert the database to the intervals between notes, which will make the database easier to search. We also investigate a further simplification by creating equivalence classes of musical intervals which also increases the resilience of searches to errors in the query. The Zipf, Zipf-Mandelbrot, Generalized Waring (GW) and Generalized Inverse Gaussian-Poisson (GIGP) distributions are tested against these various representations with the GIGP distribution providing the best overall fit for the data. There are many similarities with text databases, especially those with short bibliographic records. There are also some differences, particularly in the highest frequency intervals which occur with a much lower frequency than the highest frequency ‘stopwords’ in a text database. This provides evidence to support the hypothesis that traditional text retrieval methods will work for a music database.

Nisonger, T.E. (2002), The relationship between international editorial board composition and citation measures in political science, business, and genetics journals. Scientometrics, 54 (2), 257-268.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics54, 257.pdf

Abstract: Three measures of international composition on journal editorial boards - the number of countries represented on the board, the number of international members, and the proportion of international board members - were correlated with impact factor and total citation data in the 1999 Journal Citation Reports for 153 business, political science, and genetics journals. With a few exceptions the relationship between international editorial board composition and citation measures was non-linear, leading to the conclusion that international membership on the editorial board can not generally be used as a marker of better journal quality. Yet further investigation is warranted due to positive correlations between some editorial board and citation measures for non-U.S. business and political science journals.

Prime, C., Bassecoulard, E. and Zitt, M. (2002), Co-citations and co-sitations: A cautionary view on an analogy. Scientometrics, 54 (2), 291-308.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics54, 291.pdf

Abstract: Like the citation network of scientific publications, the Web is also a graph where pages are connected together by hypertext links or ‘sitations’. In the new research field Webometrics, scholars have investigated equivalencies between citationist concepts established in bibliometrics and hyperlinks networks. This paper focuses on the possible analogy between co-citation and co-sitation to structure Web universes. It reports an experiment in the field of bibliometrics and scientific indicators. Several technical aspects that must be dealt with are reviewed. Co-sitation seems a promising way to delineate topics on the Web. However, the analogy with traditional co-citation is deeply misleading: many precautions must be taken in the interpretation of the results.

Keywords: Scientific Literature, Science, Cocitation, Impact

Macías-Chapula, C.A. and Mijangos-Nolasco, A. (2002), Bibliometric analysis of AIDS literature in Central Africa. Scientometrics, 54 (2), 309-317.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics54, 309.pdf

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present the preliminary results of a bibliometric analysis of AIDS documents as produced on Sub-Saharan Africa. AIDSLINE 1980-2000 was used to conduct the literature search. In this paper, an analysis was made only of the records retrieved under ‘Central Africa’. Bibexcel (version 2001) and Microsoft Excel (2000) were used as software tools to conduct the analysis of the records. Seven countries and 1052 records were identified. Main participating countries were Democratic Republic of the Congo (527 documents), and Cameroon (271). Results indicated a high pattern of collaboration through multiple authorship. Most documents were published in English (84.50%) and French (14.73%). Over 57% corresponded to journal articles. The subject content of the documents was mainly focused on epidemiological, complications, and prevention & control issues on ‘HIV Infections’ and ‘Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome’. Countries behind this productivity were Cameroon, USA, Democratic Republic of the Congo, France, and Belgium. Comparison of results among Central African countries and among other developing countries is made by the authors.

Keywords: Immunodeficiency-Syndrome Aids, Latin-America

Ramani, S.V. and de Looze, M.A. (2002), Using patent statistics as knowledge base indicators in the biotechnology sectors: An application to France, Germany and the U.K. Scientometrics, 54 (3), 319-346.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics55, 319.pdf

Abstract: In order to formulate firm, national or regional technology policy, it is necessary to have indicators that can measure technological competence. This paper develops a set of indicators using patent statistics to compare the ‘knowledge base’ of individuals, laboratories, firms or nations. These indicators are then applied to the patent applications in France, Germany and the U.K. in the biotechnology sectors. The paper shows that France is lagging behind Germany and the U.K. in technology stocks (or its patent applications) in all biotechnology fields. However it is the leader in the technology network supporting the foods industry. It has a comparative advantage in terms of either technology stock counts or networks in Genetic Engineering, Pharmaceuticals, Foods, Chemicals, Cell Culture and Biocatalysis. Germany is leading in many sectors, but in all sectors in which it is a leader, it is a specialized leader, i.e. its technology networks need to be more extensive. It has a comparative advantage in terms of either technology stock counts or networks in all sectors except Genetic Engineering, Pharmaceuticals, Agriculture and Cell Culture. The U.K. is the leader in the important field of Genetic Engineering and in terms of the entire technology networks in the biotechnology sectors. It has a comparative advantage in terms of either technology stock counts or networks in Genetic Engineering, Pharmaceuticals, Agriculture and Purification.

Rinia, E.J., van Leeuwen, T.N., Bruins, E.E.W., van Vuren, H.G. and van Raan, A.F.J. (2002), Measuring knowledge transfer between fields of science. Scientometrics, 54 (3), 347-362.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics54, 347.pdf

Abstract: In this paper we report on the results of an exploratory study of knowledge exchange between disciplines and subfields of science, based on bibliometric methods. The goal of this analysis is twofold. Firstly, we consider knowledge exchange between disciplines at a global level, by analysing cross-disciplinary citations in journal articles, based on the world publication output in 1999. Among others a central position of the Basic Life Sciences within the Life Sciences and of Physics within the Exact Sciences is shown. Limitations of analyses of interdisciplinary impact at the journal level are discussed. A second topic is a discussion of measures which may be used to quantify the rate of knowledge transfer between fields and the importance of work in a given field or for other disciplines. Two measures are applied, which appear to be proper indicators of impact of research on other fields. These indicators of interdisciplinary impact may be applied at other institutional levels as well.

Keywords: Disciplines, Citation, Physics, Impact

Vinkler, P. (2002), Dynamic changes in the chance for citedness. Scientometrics, 54 (3), 421-434.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics54, 421.pdf

Abstract: A new index - Relative Publication Growth (RPG) - was suggested for characterizing the annual increase of publications in different selected periods. It has been revealed that the mean citedness of papers (‘Chance for Citedness’) increases parallel with increasing RPG and growing mean number of references in papers. The number of citations attainable by a paper published in a given journal may be estimated by multiplying the resp. Journal Citedness Factor (JCF) with the Garfield Factor of the resp. journal. The JCF values may represent the aging of information whereas GF-s the potential frequency of citations.

Keywords: Citation, Impact, Model

Liang, L.M., Guo, Y.Z. and Davis, M. (2002), Collaborative patterns and age structures in Chinese publications. Scientometrics, 54 (3), 473-489.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics54, 473.pdf

Abstract: This paper is the continued study on age structure of scientific collaboration in Chinese computer science. Based on an extended database a new method is used to analyze the nature and preference of collaboration. Observed values of two- three- and four-dimensional collaboration were compared respectively with their expected values. Investigation covered co-authors’ combination patterns, name permutations in their papers, especially the age of the first author.

Garg, K.C. (2002), Scientometrics of laser research in India and China. Scientometrics, 55 (1), 71-85.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics55, 71.pdf

Abstract: An analysis of 1223 papers published by India (347 papers) and China (876 papers) at conferences and in journals during 1993 and 1997 in the field of laser S&T indicates that China ‘s output was twice to that of India. However, Activity Indices for both the countries in 1993 and 1997 were almost the same. Chinese scientists preferred to publish in domestic journals, while Indian scientists published in foreign journals. The number of papers by Indian scientists in SCI covered journals and journals with high-Normalized Impact Factors was more than for China, and, thus India was better connected to the mainstream science compared to China. The impact made by Indian papers was more than for Chinese papers, as reflected by normalized impact per paper, proportion of papers in high quality journals, and publication effective index. Indian papers also got more citations per paper than Chinese papers. Team research appears to be better in China than in India, as reflected by the number of mega-authored papers produced by the two countries.

Fernández-Cano, A. and Bueno, Á. (2002), Multivariate evaluation of Spanish educational research journals. Scientometrics, 55 (1), 87-102.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics55, 87.pdf

Abstract: This paper informs about an evaluation of Spanish educational research journals using the modality of reputation inferred from survey data. Univariate and multivariate patterns are offered. Specifically cluster analysis and non-parametric multidimensional scaling reveal themselves as useful methods to inquire the complexity of this scientometric question which is the evaluation of periodical series.

Gülgöz, S., Yedekçioglu, Ö.A. and Yurtsever, E. (2002), Turkey’s output in social science publications: 1970-1999. Scientometrics, 55 (1), 103-121.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics55, 103.pdf

Abstract: Publications originating from Turkey in SSCI were analyzed for changes in the thirty-year span between 1970 and 1999. There has been a high rate of increase in the number of publications and most of these publications were in the form of articles and review papers. The rate of increase was lower than the increase in science publications but the rankings among other countries in sciences and social sciences were comparable. The analysis of impact factors and citations received by published work showed a decline across years. Many of the high-impact publications were joint work with foreign authors. The low level of impact was attributed in part by the difficulty of international scholars in belonging to research networks.

Tonta, Y. and Ilhan, M. (2002), Contribution of Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine to the world’s biomedical literature (1988-1997). Scientometrics, 55 (1), 123-136.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics55, 123.pdf

Abstract: The contribution of Turkish researchers to sciences is increasing. Turkish scientists published more than 6.000 articles in 1999 in scientific journals indexed by the Institute for Scientific Information’s Science Citation Index, which puts Turkey to the 25(t)h place in the world rankings in terms of total contribution to science. The number of biomedical publications authored by Turkish scientists is increasing faster than that of engineering and other non-medical sciences, which might be one of the main causes of the steep rise in Turkey’s rankings that we have been witnessing in recent years. More specifically, researchers affiliated with Hacettepe University produce almost a quarter of all the biomedical publications of Turkey that appear in international biomedical literature. In this paper, we report the findings of the bibliometric characteristics (authors and affiliations, medical journals and their impact factors, among others) of a total of 1.434 articles published between 1988 and 1997 by scientists affiliated with Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine and indexed in MEDLINE, a well-known biomedical bibliographic database.

Keywords: 27 Science Areas, Scientometric Weight, 50 Nations

Rey-Rocha, J., Martiín-Sempere, M.J. and Garzón, B. (2002), Research productivity of scientists in consolidated vs. non-consolidated teams: The case of Spanish university geologists. Scientometrics, 55 (1), 137-156.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics55, 137.pdf

Abstract: We present some results of an evaluation of research performance of Spanish senior university researchers in Geology. We analyse to what extent productivity of individual researchers is influenced by the level of consolidation of the team they belong to. Methodology is based on the combination of a mail survey carried out among a defined set of researchers, and a bibliometric study of their scientific output. Differences among researchers have been investigated with regard to team size and composition, patterns of publication in domestic and foreign journals, productivity, co-authorship of papers, and impact of publications. Results indicate that not belonging to a research team represents a handicap at the time of publishing in top international journals. Researchers belonging to consolidated teams are more productive than their colleagues in non-consolidated teams, and these in turn more than individuals without team. Team size does not appear to be as important for scientific productivity as the number of researchers within the team that reached a stable job position. Analysis of the impact factor of journals has not revealed differences among researchers with regard to the visibility of their papers.

Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Determinants, Size

Farahat, H. (2002), Authorship patterns in agricultural sciences in Egypt. Scientometrics, 55 (2), 157-170.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics55, 157.pdf

Abstract: This study examines patterns of authorship in nineteen Egyptian journals of agricultural science. Multiple authorship was found to be the predominant trend in the field and co-authored papers accounted for some 79 percent of the sample. The most common form of multiple authorship involved three people. Considerable variation was found among sub-fields and coauthorship was found to be most common in social-science related agricultural disciplines. The author found no significant differences in patterns of collaboration in the agricultural sciences in Egypt and two the other developing countries for which comparative data was available, India and Pakistan.

Dalpé, R. (2002), Bibliometric analysis of biotechnology. Scientometrics, 55 (2), 189-213.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics55, 189.pdf

Abstract: Although Derwent Biotechnology Abstracts has been used in a variety of bibliometric studies, it has never undergone a systematic examination of its reliability and validity. The objective of this paper is to assess its quality for bibliometric studies attempting to analyse the evolution of biotechnology research, to map leading organizations, and to study the interaction between science and technology. The first part reviews the tools used in bibliometric studies of biotechnology and describes the Derwent Biotechnology Abstracts database. The second part is a case study of plant genetic research, with special emphasis on Canada.

Keywords: Research-and-Development, Patent Statistics, Agricultural Biotechnology, Public Science, US, Indicators, Competition, Government, Technology, Knowledge

Garg, K.C. and Padhi, P. (2002), Scientometrics of laser research in India during 1970-1994. Scientometrics, 55 (2), 215-241.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics55, 215.pdf

Abstract: An analysis of 952 publications published by Indian scientists and abstracted by Journal of Current Laser Abstracts during 1970-1994 indicates that laser research in India picked up during 1978-1994 and reached its peak in 1980. The Indian output in the field of laser research forms an integral part of the mainstream science as reflected by the pattern of publications and their citations in the international literature. Laser research performed in India improved considerably during 1985-1994 as compared to 1970-1984 as seen by different impact indicators such as citation per paper, proportion of high quality papers, and publication effective index. The publication output is concentrated among few institutions and there is a similarity in the activity and attractively profile of the highly productive institutions. India’s citation rate per paper for highly productive authors is at par with the world citation rate per paper. The study indicates that the proportion of mega authored papers increased during 1990-1994 and the international collaboration is mainly with the USA.

Keywords: Activity, Analysis, Citations, Collaboration, Effective, Impact, Index, India, Indicators, Institutions, International Collaboration, Output, Paper, Profile, Publication, Publications, Quality, Research, Science, Similarity, Technology, USA

Goel, K. (2002), Gender differences in publication productivity in psychology in India. Scientometrics, 55 (2), 243-258.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics55, 243.pdf

Abstract: An analysis of gender differences in psychology in India provides quantitative and qualitative assessment of R&D output contributed by psychologists with the indication of the trend of growth, skewness, relatedness, co-authorship pattern of productivity.

Ponzi, L.J. (2002), The intellectual structure and interdisciplinary breadth of Knowledge Management: A bibliometric study of its early stage of development. Scientometrics, 55 (2), 259-272.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics55, 259.pdf

Abstract: This study explores the intellectual structure and interdisciplinary breadth of Knowledge Management in its early stage of development. Intellectual structure is established by a principal component analysis applied to an author co-citation frequency matrix. The author co-citation frequencies were derived from the 1994-1998 academic literature and captured by the single search phrase of ‘Knowledge Management.’ Four factors were labeled Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning, Knowledge-based Theories, and The Role of Tacit Knowledge in Organizations. The interdisciplinary breadth surrounding Knowledge Management mainly occurs in the discipline of management. Empirical evidence suggests that the discipline of Computer Science is not a key contributor as originally hypothesized.

Keywords: Co-Citation Analysis, Information, Innovation

Burrell, Q.L. (2002), Modelling citation age data: Simple graphical methods from reliability theory. Scientometrics,