Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2007\Wat Air Soi Pol183, 85.pdf

Abstract: The removal of 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions by both a Mexican clinoptilolite-heulandite zeolitic rock and the modified zeolitic material with the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMABr), using batch and packed-bed (column) configurations, was investigated. The unmodified zeolitic rock did not show any adsorption of 4-chlorophenol. The effects of pH, contact time and concentration of 4-chlorophenol on the adsorption process by the surfactant modified material were examined. The sorption of 4-chlorophenol was not affected by the pH range from 4 to 9.5. 4-chlorophenol retention reached equilibrium in about 18 h and the rate of 4-chorophenol adsorption by the modified material was faster in the first 10 h than later. The experimental data were treated with the models: pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, fractional power and Elovich models. Although, the last three gave correlation coefficients higher than 0.96, the pseudo-second order model was the best to describe the reaction rate. The experimental data follow a linear isotherm which is characteristic for sorption of organic solutes by the partition mechanism. The Bed Depth-Service Time Model was applied to the sorption results in order to model the column operation. The results showed that the surfactant modified zeolitic rock could be considered as a potential adsorbent for 4-chlorophenol removal from aqueous solutions.

Keywords: 4-Chlorophenol, Activated Carbons, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Process, Aqueous Solutions, Batch, Behavior, Chlorophenols, Column, Column Operation, Competitive Sorption, Concentration, Contact Time, Correlation, Desorption, Effects, Effects of pH, Elovich, Equilibrium, Experimental, Experimental Data, Fixed Bed, Fixed-Bed, Hexadecyltrimethylammonium, Isotherm, Isotherms Kinetics, Kinetics, Linear, Linear Isotherm, Mechanism, Model, Models, Modified, Modified Montmorillonite, Operation, Order, Organic, Oxyanions, Packed Bed, Partition, pH, Phenol, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Model, Pseudo-Second-Order, Range, Rate, Reaction, Reaction Rate, Removal, Retention, Solutes, Solutions, Sorption, Surfactant, Zeolite

? Pang, K.M., Ng, S., Chung, W.K. and Wong, P.K. (2007), Removal of pentachlorophenol by adsorption on magnetite-immobilized chitin. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 183 (1-4), 355-365.

Full Text: 2007\Wat Air Soi Pol183, 355.pdf

Abstract The application of magnetite-immobilized chitin in pentachlorophenol (PCP) removal was demonstrated in this study. The physicochemical parameters for immobilization of chitin by magnetite, and for PCP adsorption using magnetite-immobilized chitin were optimized. For chitin immobilization, the optimized conditions were: magnetite to chitin (m:c) ratio at 1:2, initial pH 6, 25°C, 200 rpm and 60 min in batch system. The immobilization efficiency (IE) was 99.4% and immobilization capacity (IC) was 2.0 mg chitin mg⁻¹ magnetite. High initial pH (pH>11) and temperature (>30°C) lowered the IE and IC. For PCP (10 mg l⁻¹) adsorption, the optimized conditions were: 1,500 mg l⁻¹ immobilized chitin, initial pH 6, 25°C, 200 rpm and 60 min in batch system. The removal efficiency (RE) was 57.9% and removal capacity (RC) was 5.4 mg g⁻¹. The adsorption ability of immobilized chitin decreased with pH and temperature increased. However, increasing the amount of immobilized chitin (24,000 mg l⁻¹) can increase the RE up to 92%. Both chitin immobilization and PCP adsorption exhibited Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Results in this study indicated that magnetite-immobilized chitin was a cost-effective and environmental friendly adsorbent to remove environmental pollutants such as PCP.

Keywords Adsorption, Pentachlorophenol, Chitin, Magnetite, Immobilization

? Tsang, D.C.W., Hu, J., Liu, M.Y., Zhang, W.H., Lai, K.C.K. and Lo, I.M.C. (2007), Activated carbon produced from waste wood pallets: Adsorption of three classes of dyes. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 184 (1-4), 141-155.

Full Text: 2007\Wat Air Soi Pol184, 141.pdf

Abstract: Activated carbon was derived from waste wood pallets in Hong Kong via phosphoric acid activation and applied to adsorption of basic dye (methylene blue), acid dyes (acid blue 25 and acid red 151), and reactive dye (reactive red 23). The results showed that respective adjustment in phosphoric acid concentration, impregnation ratio, activation temperature, and activation time could maximize the surface area and pore volume of activated carbon. An increase of impregnation ratio or activation temperature significantly influenced the pore size distribution by expanding the porous structure and creating more macropores than micropores. The characterization of the carbon surface chemistry using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, however, revealed a decrease in the amount of several functional groups with increasing activation temperature. The physical properties (surface area and pore volume) of the wood waste-derived activated carbon (using 36% phosphoric acid with an impregnation ratio of 1.5 at an activation temperature of 550°C for 1.5 h) were comparable to those of commercial activated carbon (Calgon F400). The contrasting pH effects on the adsorption of different classes of dyes signified the importance of both electrostatic interaction and chemical adsorption, which correlated to pH-dependent dissociation of surface functional groups. It is noteworthy that the physical properties of activated carbon were insufficient to account for the observed dye adsorption behavior, whereas the surface chemistry of activated carbon and the nature and chemical structure of dyes were more important. The fast kinetics and high capacity of dye adsorption of wood waste-derived activated carbon suggest that production of activated carbon from different types of wood waste should merit further investigation.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Dyes, Phosphoric Acid Activation, Wood Waste, Phosphoric-Acid Activation, Pore-Size Distribution, Competitive Adsorption, Agricultural Waste, Marine-Sediments, Aqueous-Solution, Apricot Stones, Sewage-Sludge, Reactive Dye, Reduce PCB

? Rothwell, J.J., Evans, M.G. and Allott, T.E.H. (2008), In-stream processing of sediment-associated metals in peatland fluvial systems. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 187 (1-4), 53-64.

Full Text: 2008\Wat Air Soi Pol187, 53.pdf

Abstract: The interaction between fluvially transported, metal contaminated peat particulates and acidic waters draining peatland catchments has received limited attention. Potential in-stream processing of sediment-associated metals in acidic stream water was investigated in laboratory based mixing experiments, designed to represent conditions of fluvial sediment transport in a highly contaminated and severely eroding peatland catchment in the Peak District (UK). Over the initial 20 min of the first experiment, stream water Cr and Zn concentrations increased by at least an order-of-magnitude and remained elevated for the full duration (24 h) of the experiment. Stream water As, Mo, Pb, Ti and V concentrations increased between 43% (As) and 440% (V) over the first hour of the experiment. After 24 h most of the metals appeared to have reached equilibrium in the water column. Results of the second experiment revealed that when the concentration of metal contaminated peat particulates is increased, there is an associated increase in the stream water As, Cr, Mo, Pb, Ti, V and Zn concentrations. The experimental data suggest that As, Cr, Mo, Pb, Ti, V and Zn are liable to desorption from metal contaminated peat into acidic stream water. The solubilisation of contaminated peat particulates may also contribute to elevated stream water metal concentrations. The laboratory based approach used in this study may indicate that when there is erosion of metal contaminated peat into acidic fluvial systems there is a concomitant increase in dissolved metal levels, especially when suspended sediment concentrations are high. Further laboratory and field based experiments are required to evaluate the relative importance of physical and chemical processes in the interaction between contaminated peat particulates and stream water in peatland fluvial systems.

Keywords: Peat Erosion, Acidic Stream Water, Metals, Mixing, Desorption, Peak District, Sphagnum Moss Peat, Heavy-Metals, Ombrotrophic Peat, Atmospheric Deposition, Southern Pennines, Upland Catchment, Lead Pollution, Bed-Sediment, Organic-Rich, Mid-Wales

? Torres-Pérez, J., Solache-Ríos, M. and Colín-Cruz, A. (2008), Sorption and desorption of dye remazol yellow onto a mexican surfactant-modified clinoptilolite-rich tuff and a carbonaceous material from pyrolysis of sewage sludge. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 187 (1-4), 303-313.

Full Text: 2008\Wat Air Soi Pol187, 303.pdf

Abstract: The sorption behavior of dye remazol yellow using surfactant modified zeolitic rock and a carbonaceous material obtained by pyrolysis of sewage sludge and treated with HCl (1.0%) solution was determined. The kinetic and sorption isotherms experimental results were best adjusted to the pseudo-second order model and to the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model which indicate that the sorption process is chemisorption on heterogeneous materials. Remazol yellow could be removed from the saturated modified zeolitic material by different processes, unfortunately, the surfactant was removed together with the dye, the best results were found using Fenton’s reagent. Thermal treatment was the best method found to remove the dye from the carbonaceous material.

Keywords: Activated Carbons, Carbonaceous Material, Regeneration, Remazol Yellow, Removal, Sorption, Water, Zeolites

? Abbas, M., Nadeem, R., Zafar, M.N. and Arshad, M. (2008), Biosorption of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) by untreated and pretreated Cassia fistula biomass from aqueous solutions. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 191 (1-4), 139-148.

Full Text: 2008\Wat Air Soi Pol191, 139.pdf

Abstract: The present study explained the effect of pretreatments on the biosorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by Cassia fistula biomass from aqueous solutions. For this purpose Cassia fistula biomass was pretreated physically by heating, autoclaving, boiling and chemically with sodium hydroxide, formaldehyde, gluteraldehyde, acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, commercial laundry detergent, orthophosphoric, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid. The adsorption capacity of biomass for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was found to be significantly improved by the treatments of gluteraldehyde (95.41 and 96.21 mg/g) and benzene (85.71 and 90.81 mg/g) respectively. The adsorption capacity was found to depend on pH, initial metal concentration, dose, size, kinetics, and temperature. Maximum adsorption of both the Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was observed at pH 5 and 2. When Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were tested, the latter had a better fit with the experimental data. The kinetic studies showed that the sorption rates could be described better by a second order expression than by a more commonly applied Lagergren equation.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solutions, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Cassia Fistula, Chromium, Detergent, Experimental, Expression, Formaldehyde, Freundlich, Heavy-Metals, Hydrogen, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lead, Metal, pH, Plant Biomass, Pretreatments, Removal, Size, Sorption, Sulphuric Acid, Temperature

? Zubair, A., Bhatti, H.N., Hanif, M.A. and Shafqat, F. (2008), Kinetic and equilibrium modeling for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions by Citrus reticulata waste biomass. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 191 (1-4), 305-318.

Full Text: 2008\Wat Air Soi Pol191, 305.pdf

Abstract: The pulp left after the extraction of juice from Citrus reticulate (kinnow), is a waste material, which was used as a potential sorbent for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in the present study. The effect of experimental parameters such as pH, biosorbent dosage, biosorbent particle size, initial metal concentrations, temperature, shaking speed and sorption time on the Cr removal is apparent from the obtained results. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo second order kinetic models fitted well to the data of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) biosorption by Citrus reticulata waste biomass. Effect of several pretreatments such as gases, natural coagulant and many other chemicals on Cr(III) and Cr(VI) sorption capacity of Citrus reticulata waste biomass was first time analyzed in the present study. The metal sorption capacity of Citrus reticulata waste biomass after a specific pretreatment was not only related to the nature of chemical but also strongly dependent on the oxidation state of the metal.

Keywords: Algal Biomass, Aqueous Solutions, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Brown Seaweed, Capacity, Chemical-Modification, Citrus Reticulata, Coagulant, Copper, Cr(III), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cr(VI) Sorption, Equilibrium, Experimental, First, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Hexavalent Chromium, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Lead, Metal, Metal Sorption, Modeling, Models, Mucor-Rouxii, Oxidation, Particle Size, pH, Potential, Pretreatment, Pretreatments, Removal, Sargassum sp, Size, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Temperature

? Yin, C.Y., Aroua, M.K. and Daud, W.M.A.W. (2008), Enhanced adsorption of metal ions onto polyethyleneimine-impregnated palm shell activated carbon: Equilibrium studies. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 192 (1-4), 337-348.

Full Text: 2008\Wat Air Soi Pol192, 337.pdf

Abstract: In this study, palm shell activated carbon was impregnated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and the effect of impregnation on batch adsorption of Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺ or Pb²⁺ as well as the equilibrium behavior of adsorption of metal ions on PEI-impregnated AC were investigated. PEI impregnation evidently increased the single metal adsorption capacities of Ni²⁺ or Cd²⁺ except for Pb²⁺, where its adsorption capacities were reduced by 16.67% and 19.55% for initial solution pH of 3 and 5 respectively. This suggested that PEI-impregnated AC could be used for selective separation of Pb²⁺ ions from other metal ions. The adsorption data of all the metal ions on both virgin and PEI-impregnated AC for both initial solution pH of 3 and 5 generally fitted the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherms considerably better than the Freundlich isotherm.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Capacity, Carbon, Cd²⁺, CO₂ Capture, Copper(II), Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Impregnation, Isotherm, Isotherms, Langmuir, Membranes, Metal Adsorption, Metal Ions, Ni²⁺, Nickel(II), Palm Shell, Palm Shell Activated Carbon, Pb²⁺, pH, Polyethyleneimine, Removal, Separation, Sorption, Surface Sites

? Unuabonah, E.I., Adebowale, K.O. and Ofomaja, A.E. (2009), Two-stage batch adsorber design: A time-dependent Langmuir model for adsorption of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ onto modified kaolinite clay. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 200 (1-4), 133-145.

Full Text: 2009\Wat Air Soi Pol200, 133.pdf

Abstract: The kinetics of the adsorption of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ by sodium tetraborate (NTB)-modified kaolinite clay adsorbent was studied. A one-stage and two-stage optimization of equilibrium data were carried out using the Langmuir and time-dependent Langmuir models, respectively. Increasing temperature was found to increase the pseudo-second order kinetic rate constant and kinetic data for Pb²⁺ adsorption were found to fit well with the pseudo-second order kinetic model (PSOM) while that for Cd²⁺ were found to show very good fit to the modified pseudo-first order kinetic model (MPFOM). Binary solutions of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ reduced the adsorption capacity of the modified adsorbent for either metal ion with increased initial sorption rate due to competition of metal ions for available adsorption sites. The use of NTB-modified kaolinite clay adsorbent reduces by approximately 72.2% and 96.3% the amount of kaolinite clay needed to adsorb Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ from wastewater solutions. From the two-stage batch adsorber design study, the minimum operating time to determine a specified amount of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ removal was developed. The two-stage batch adsorption process predicted less than half the minimum contact time to reach equilibrium in the one-stage process for the adsorption of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ by NTB-modified kaolinite clay adsorbent and requires 0.05 times the mass of the adsorbent for the single-stage batch adsorption at the same operating conditions.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Clay, Contact Time, Contact Time, Equilibrium, Kaolinite, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lead, Optimized, Pb²⁺, Removal, Sorption, Two-Stage, Wastewater

? Hanafiah, M.A.K.M., Zakaria, H. and Ngah, W.S.W. (2009), Preparation, characterization, and adsorption behavior of Cu(II) ions onto alkali-treated weed (Imperata cylindrica) leaf powder. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 201 (1-4), 43-53.

Full Text: 2009\Wat Air Soi Pol201, 43.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of Cu(II) ions by sodium-hydroxide-treated Imperata cylindrica (SoHIC) leaf powder was investigated under batch mode. The influence of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, shaking rate, copper concentration, contact time, and temperature was studied. Copper adsorption was considered fast as the time to reach equilibrium was 40-90 min. Several kinetic models were applied and it was found that pseudo-second-order fitted well the adsorption data. In order to understand the mechanism of adsorption, spectroscopic analyses involving scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer were carried out. Ion exchange was proven the main mechanism involved as indicated by EDS spectra and as there was a release of light metal ions (K⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺) during copper adsorption. Complexation also occurred as demonstrated by FTIR spectra involving hydroxyl, carboxylate, phosphate, ether, and amino functional groups. The equilibrium data were correlated with Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity was recorded at the highest temperature of 310 K, which was 11.64 mg g^-1.

Keywords: Activated Carbons, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, By-Products, Copper, Copper, Equilibrium, Heavy-Metal Adsorption, Imperata Cylindrica, Ion Exchange, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, pH, Removal, SEM, Waste-Water

? Du, A.X., Cao, L.X., Zhang, R.D. and Pan, R. (2009), Effects of a copper-resistant fungus on copper adsorption and chemical forms in soils. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 201 (1-4), 99-107.

Full Text: 2009\Wat Air Soi Pol201, 99.pdf

Abstract: For bioremediation of copper-contaminated soils, it is essential to understand copper adsorption and chemical forms in soils related to microbes. In this study, a Penicillium strain, which can tolerate high copper concentrations up to 150 mmol l^-1 Cu²⁺, was isolated from a copper mining area. The objective was to study effects of this fungus on copper adsorptions in solutions and chemical forms in soils. Results from lab experiments showed the maximum biosorptions occurred at 360 min with 6.15 and 15.08 mg g^-1 biomass from the media with Cu²⁺ of 50 and 500 mg l^-1, respectively. The copper was quickly adsorbed by the fungus within the contact time of the first 60 min. To characterize the adsorption process of copper, four types of kinetics models were used to fit the copper adsorption data vs. time. Among the kinetics models, the two-constant equation gave the best results, as indicated by the high coefficients of determination (R-2=0.89) and high significance (p<0.01). The addition of the fungal strain to autoclaved soil facilitated increases in concentrations of acid-soluble copper, copper bound to oxides, and of copper bound to organic matter (p<0.05). However, the inoculation of Penicillium sp. A1 led to a decrease of water-soluble copper in the soil. The results suggested that Penicillium sp. A1 has the potential for bioremediation of copper-contaminated soils.

Keywords: Adsorption, Atpase, Biomass, Bioremediation, Biosorption, Chemical, Chemical Forms, Copper, Copper Adsorption, Cu²⁺, Data, Experiments, First, Forms, Fungus, Growth, Heavy-Metals, Kinetics, Kinetics Models, Media, Mining, Models, Organic, Organic Matter, Oxides, Potential, Removal, Rhizosphere-Bacteria, Sediment, Significance, Soil, Soils, Solutions, Tolerance, Water

? Pietrobelli, J.M.T.D., Módenes, A.N., Fagundes-Klen, M.R. and Espinoza-Quiñones, F.R. (2009), Cadmium, copper and zinc biosorption study by non-living Egeria densa biomass. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 202 (1-4), 385-392.

Full Text: 2009\Wat Air Soi Pol202, 385.pdf

Abstract: In this work, the potential removal of Cd, Cu, and Zn ions by non-living macrophytes Egeria densa has been studied. The adsorption kinetic and equilibrium experiments of these three metals on E. densa were performed in batch systems with controlled temperature and constant shaking. It was observed that all metal adsorption rates have increased when the pH was increasing. A pH threshold of 5 was established for use in adsorption experiments in order to avoid the metal precipitation. For adsorption kinetic tests, the equilibrium times for all metals were around 45 to 60 min. The equilibrium data at pH 5 were better described by the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich one, with the adsorption rate and maximum metal content values of 0.43 L g^-1 and 1.25 mequiv g^-1 for Cd, 4.11 L g^-1 and 1.43 mequiv g^-1 for Cu, and 0.83 L g^-1 and 0.93 mequiv g^-1 for Zn. These adsorption parameters for E. densa resemble or are better than those for other biosorbents already studied, suggesting that the macrophytes E. densa as a biosorbent has a good metal removal potential for applications in effluent treatment systems.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetic, Adsorption Rate, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cd, Copper, Cu, Cu(II), Data, Egeria Densa, Equilibrium, Experiments, Freundlich, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Macrophytes, Metal, Metal Adsorption, Metal Removal, Metals, Non-Living, pH, Potential, Precipitation, Rates, Removal, Sorption, Systems, Temperature, Treatment, Waste-Water, Work, Zinc

? Inal, F., Yetgin, S., Aksu, G.T., Simsek, S., Sofuoglu, A. and Sofuoglu, S.C. (2009), Activated carbon adsorption of fuel oxygenates MTBE and ETBE from water. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 204 (1-4), 155-163.

Full Text: 2009\Wat Air Soi Pol204, 155.pdf

Abstract: The aqueous phase adsorption of fuel oxygenates methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) onto commercially available granular activated carbon (GAC; Norit GAC 1240) was investigated in a batch system at 27AºC. The oxygenate concentrations were determined by headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. The experimental data were used with four two-parameter isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich) and two kinetic models (pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order) to determine equilibrium and kinetic parameters. Considering the correlation coefficient and root mean square error, Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm showed better fit with the equilibrium data for MTBE. However, the performances of Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were comparable for ETBE. The adsorption capacities were calculated as 5.50 and 6.92 mg/g for MTBE and ETBE, respectively, at an equilibrium solution concentration of 1 mg/L using Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm. The differences between the model predictions and experimental data were similar for the pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models. Gibbs free-energy changes of adsorption were found to be -22.59 and -28.55 kJ/mol for MTBE-GAC and ETBE-GAC systems, respectively, under the experimental conditions studied.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Advanced Oxidation, Analyses, Aqueous Phase, Batch, Batch System, Carbon, Changes, Chromatography-Mass-Spectrometry, Concentration, Contaminated Water, Correlation, Correlation Coefficient, Data, Degradation-Products, Direct Aqueous Injection, Drinking-Water, Equilibrium, Error, ETBE, Ether, Experimental, First Order, Freundlich, Fuel Oxygenate, GAC, Gas-Chromatography, Gibbs Free Energy, Granular Activated Carbon, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetic Parameters, Langmuir, Model, Models, MTBE, NOV, Organic Contaminants, Predictions, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo First-Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Second Order, Second-Order, Solution, Spectrometry, Systems, Tert-Butyl Ether, Water

? Frau, F., Addari, D., Atzei, D., Biddau, R., Cidu, R. and Rossi, A. (2010), Influence of major anions on As(V) adsorption by synthetic 2-line ferrihydrite. kinetic investigation and XPS study of the competitive effect of bicarbonate. Water Air and Soil Pollution,