Proposed pebble bed modular reactor
INTRODUCTION 1.1Need for the PBMR Demonstration Module (The Plant)
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- 1.2Purpose of the ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT
- 1.3Major Milestones of the Scoping Phase
1.INTRODUCTION1.1Need for the PBMR Demonstration Module (The Plant)
Eskom plans to broaden (diversify) the primary energy mix for the supply of electricity, for both the addition of future generation capacity (anticipated between 2005 and 2007) as well as the replacement of existing power stations (around 2020). This diversification will take cognisance of the following considerations:
In terms of Eskom’s Integrated Strategic Electricity Plan (ISEP) various supply and demand technologies are under investigation for techno-economic evaluation. Some of the supply side technologies include:
For the final stage of feasibility assessment, demonstration plants are proposed to be established to fully test the techno-economics9 of the plant(s) under South African conditions. The proposed demonstration module 110MWe class PBMR is now in this phase of development together with wind and solar. The results of the PBMR will inform Eskom’s ISEP as well as government’s Integrated Resource Plan and Programme (IRPP), as will other demonstration plants for wind and solar thermal. The developers of the PBMR plant, together with their co-investors i.e. Eskom, the Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) and British Nuclear Fuel Limited (BNFL), state that there is significant scope for the international application of this technology. The stated commercial potential of the PBMR for global application, although outside the scope of this EIA, is addressed to some degree within the EIR. From the outset it needs to be emphasised that the justification for the proposed Plant is to test the techno-economics and to inform future decisions on energy technology applications for electricity generation. The proposed Plant will be linked to the national transmission grid (i.e. electricity generated by the Plant will be sold commercially to recover the investment cost and to enable demonstration) and will remain a demonstration plant for its full life cycle (i.e. 40 years although the first 5 to 6 years will be more important in terms of deciding on its techno-economic performance). The rationale for the prolonged period of demonstration is to obtain and assess the techno-economic information on maintenance and refurbishment of continued operation as well as materials behaviour. This information will be incorporated into the design optimisation process, provided that the Plant proves viable. 1.2Purpose of the ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORTThis EIR primarily addresses, assesses and evaluates the issues and impacts related to the proposed Plant as defined within the Plan of Study for the EIA which was accepted by the DEAT in early March 2002 (see Annexure 1 for a copy of the PoS for EIA). The EIR forms part of the overall Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) that is mandatory in terms of the Environmental Conservation Act (Act No. 73 of 1989) and the National Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1999). The Report also pays attention to strategic issues, namely policy imperatives, international treaties, radiological safety and health issues including HIV/AIDS. The complete range of issues and impacts covered in the EIR, were defined through the Scoping process which started in April 2000 and terminated in December 2001 when the Scoping Report was accepted by DEAT. For a record of this process the reader is referred to the Scoping Report and Annexures that are available on the website: http//www.pebble-bed.co.za. (The major milestones of the Scoping Phase of the EIA are listed below). The EIR furthermore reports on the significance of identified issues/impacts and recommended mitigating measures to reduce the risk of adverse impacts and enhance beneficial aspects/impacts. These mitigating measures are incorporated in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) which details the construction and operation/maintenance phases of the proposed Plant. This EIR also incorporates a Social Impact Assessment (SIA), to more fully inform and understand the socio-cultural and economic perceptions of the public about the proposed Plant, together with recommendations for mitigation. 1.3Major Milestones of the Scoping PhaseThe milestones of the Scoping Phase are summarised below:
A broad range of interest groups were covered including:
In all, about 2600 I & APs were registered on a national basis.
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