[Psychological consequences of severe overweight in teenagers]

Adolescent risk behaviours and mealtime routines: does family meal frequency alter the association between family structure and risk behaviour?

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• Overweight, body image and bullying --an epidemiological study of 11- to 15-years olds.
• BACKGROUND
• METHODS
• RESULTS
• CONCLUSIONS
• Peer victimization in youth with Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders.

Adolescent risk behaviours and mealtime routines: does family meal frequency alter the association between family structure and risk behaviour? Levin KA, Kirby J, Currie C. Source Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, The Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, St Leonard's Land, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, UK. kate.levin@ed.ac.uk Abstract Family structure is associated with a range of adolescent risk behaviours, with those living in both parent families generally faring best. This study describes the association between family structure and adolescent risk behaviours and assesses the role of the family meal. Data from the 2006 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey were modelled using Multilevel Binomial modelling for six risk behaviour outcomes. Significantly more children from 'both parent' families ate a family meal every day and fewer 'hardly ever or never' did. Family structure was associated with boys' and girls' smoking, drinking, cannabis use and having sex and with girls' fighting. Frequency of eating a family meal was associated with a reduced likelihood of all risk behaviours among girls and all but fighting and having sex among boys. Eating a family meal regularly nullified the association between family structure and drinking alcohol for boys and girls and cannabis use for boys and reduced the effect size of alternative family structures on boys having sex and smoking. The family meal, associated with a reduced likelihood of many adolescent risk behaviours, reduces or eliminates the association with family structure and may therefore help to overcome inequalities in adolescent risk behaviours. Eur J Public Health. 2012 Feb;22(1):126-30. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckr010. Epub 2011 Mar 7. Overweight, body image and bullying--an epidemiological study of 11- to 15-years olds. Brixval CS, Rayce SL, Rasmussen M, Holstein BE, Due P. Source National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. Abstract BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between weight status and exposure to bullying among 11-, 13- and 15-year-old Danish school children. Furthermore, the purpose was to investigate the potentially mediating effect of body image. METHODS: Data from the Danish contribution to the international cross-sectional research project Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2002 was used. Data were assessed from questionnaires and 4781 students aged 11-, 13- and 15-years old were included in the analyses. Logistic regression was used for the analyses. RESULTS: The regression analyses showed that overweight and obese students were more exposed to bullying than their normal weight peers. Among boys, odds ratios (ORs) for exposure to bullying were 1.75 (1.18-2.61) in overweight and 1.98 (0.79-4.95) in obese boys compared with normal weight. Among girls, the corresponding ORs were 1.89 (1.25-2.85) in overweight and 2.74 (0.96-7.82) in obese girls. The mediation analyses showed that body image fully mediated the associations between weight status and exposure to bullying in both boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that overweight and obese boys and girls are of higher odds of being exposed to bullying than their normal weight peers. Moreover, this study finds that body image may statistically explain this association between overweight and exposure to bullying. However, the study is cross-sectional, and hypotheses of possibilities for opposite causality are possible. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2012 Feb;43(1):124-36. doi: 10.1007/s10578-011-0249-y. Peer victimization in youth with Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders. Zinner SH, Conelea CA, Glew GM, Woods DW, Budman CL. Source Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, CHDD, Seattle, WA 98195-7920, USA. szinner@uw.edu Abstract Chronic tic disorders including Tourette syndrome have negative impact across multiple functional domains. We explored associations between peer victimization status and tic subtypes, premonitory urges, internalizing symptoms, explosive outbursts, and quality of life among youth with chronic tic disorders, as part of the internet-based omnibus Tourette Syndrome Impact Survey. A mixed methods design combined child self-report and parental proxy-report (i.e., parent reporting on the child) demographic and quantitative data for affected youth ages 10-17 years addressing gender, mean age, ethnicity and other socioeconomic features, and presence of tic disorders and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Peer "Victim" versus "Non-victim" status was determined using a subset of four questions about being bullied. "Victim" status was identified for those youth who endorsed the frequency of the occurrence of being bullied in one or more of the four questions as "most of the time" or "all of the time". Data from 211 eligible youth respondents and their parents/guardians showed 26% reporting peer victimization. Victim status was associated with greater tic frequency, complexity and severity; explosive outbursts; internalizing symptoms; and lower quality of life. Peer victimization among youth with chronic tic disorders is common and appears associated with tic morbidity, anxiety, depression, explosive outbursts, and poorer psychosocial functioning. Anticipatory guidance, specific bullying screening and prevention, and further studies are indicated in this population. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012 Feb;166(2):149-56. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.755. 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