[Psychological consequences of severe overweight in teenagers]
Frequent fliers, school phobias, and the sick student: school health personnel's perceptions of students who refuse school
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- BACKGROUND
- CONCLUSIONS
- Longitudinal associations among peer victimization and physical and mental health problems.
- OBJECTIVE
- Peer relational victimization and somatic complaints during adolescence.
Frequent fliers, school phobias, and the sick student: school health personnel's perceptions of students who refuse school.Torrens Armstrong AM, McCormack Brown KR, Brindley R, Coreil J, McDermott RJ. SourceNavarre, FL 32566, USA. bandaarmstrong@gmail.com AbstractBACKGROUND:This study explored school personnel's perceptions of school refusal, as it has been described as a "common educational and public health problem" that is less tolerated due to increasing awareness of the potential socioeconomic consequences of this phenomenon. METHODS:In-depth interviews were conducted with school personnel at the middle school (N = 42), high school (N = 40), and district levels (N = 10). The findings focus on emergent themes from interviews with school health personnel (N = 12), particularly those themes related to their perceptions of and role in working with school-refusing students. RESULTS:Personnel, especially school health services staff, constructed a typification of the school-refusing student as "the sick student," which conceptualized student refusal due to reasons related to illness. Personnel further delineated sick students by whether they considered the illness legitimate. School health personnel referenced the infamous "frequent fliers" and "school phobics" within this categorization of students. Overarching dynamics of this typification included parental control, parental awareness, student locus of control, blame, and victim status. These typifications influenced how personnel reacted to students they encountered, particularly in deciding which students need "help" versus "discipline," thus presenting implications for students and screening of students. CONCLUSIONS:Overall, findings suggest school health personnel play a pivotal role in screening students who are refusing school as well as keeping students in school, underscoring policy that supports an increased presence of school health personnel. Recommendations for school health, prevention, and early intervention include the development of screening protocols and staff training. J Pediatr Psychol. 2011 Sep;36(8):868-77. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsr025. Epub 2011 Jun 17. Longitudinal associations among peer victimization and physical and mental health problems.Biebl SJ, Dilalla LF, Davis EK, Lynch KA, Shinn SO. SourceSchool of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, USA. AbstractOBJECTIVE:This study examined how chronic experiences of peer victimization throughout childhood relate to mental and physical health outcomes in adolescence. METHODS:Children were tested in a laboratory playroom at the age of 5 years. They completed questionnaires at time 2, between the ages of 10 and 18 years, and a telephone interview at time 3, between the ages of 12 and 20 years. A total of 70 youth participated at all three time periods. Chronic victims were defined as having high levels of peer victimization at all three time points. RESULTS:Youth who were chronically victimized reported experiencing significantly more mental and physical health problems than youth categorized as desisters or nonvictims. Also, for girls only, chronic victims reported more specific health problems (headaches, sleep problems) than did nonchronic victims. CONCLUSIONS:The present findings may assist health professionals in assessing and treating physical and mental health problems that appear to be related to peer victimization. J Interpers Violence. 2011 Sep;26(13):2619-34. doi: 10.1177/0886260510388286. Epub 2010 Dec 13. Normative beliefs about aggression as a mediator of narcissistic exploitativeness and cyberbullying. Ang RP, Tan KA, Talib Mansor A. Source Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. rpang@ntu.edu.sg Abstract The current study examined normative beliefs about aggression as a mediator between narcissistic exploitativeness and cyberbullying using two Asian adolescent samples from Singapore and Malaysia. Narcissistic exploitativeness was significantly and positively associated with cyberbullying and normative beliefs about aggression and normative beliefs about aggression were significantly and positively associated with cyberbullying. Normative beliefs about aggression were a significant partial mediator in both samples; these beliefs about aggression served as one possible mechanism of action by which narcissistic exploitativeness could exert its influence on cyberbullying. Findings extended previous empirical research by showing that such beliefs can be the mechanism of action not only in offline but also in online contexts and across cultures. Cyberbullying prevention and intervention efforts should include modification of norms and beliefs supportive of the legitimacy and acceptability of cyberbullying. J Adolesc Health. 2011 Sep;49(3):294-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.12.018. Epub 2011 Feb 18. Peer relational victimization and somatic complaints during adolescence.Nixon CL, Linkie CA, Coleman PK, Fitch C. SourceDepartment of Psychology, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563, USA. cln5@psu.edu AbstractPURPOSE:To develop effective prevention and intervention efforts that optimize adolescent health, factors must be identified that affect health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between somatic symptomatology and experiences with relational victimization (RV). METHODS:We prospectively tested the unique role of relational peer victimization in predicting adolescents' somatic complaints (SC), while accounting for their previous physical symptoms and peer victimization experiences (i.e., relational and physical victimization), as well as concurrent experiences with physical victimization (PV). Questionnaires were administered to 1,595 students (52% females) from eight schools in one school district (grades, 5-8) in the Midwestern part of the United States during the fall and spring sessions of the academic school year. Self-reported measures included demographic characteristics, victimization experiences, and assessment of SC. RESULTS:RV was a unique predictor of increased somatic symptoms, even after controlling for adolescents' sex, grade level, initial SC, previous victimization experiences, and concurrent experiences with PV. Notably, RV was a stronger predictor of somatic symptoms than was PV. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach when addressing adolescents' physical health symptoms. Adolescents may benefit from clinicians looking beyond the obvious and using gentle probing to uncover how unique experiences with RV may be associated with overall health. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2011 Sep;55(6):846-62. doi: 10.1177/0306624X10374638. Epub 2010 Jul 16. Program effectiveness of a Restorative Whole-school Approach for tackling school bullying in Hong Kong. Wong DS, Cheng CH, Ngan RM, Ma SK. Source City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China. dennis.wong@cityu.edu.hk Abstract With bullying in schools high on policy makers' agendas, researchers are looking for effective strategies to tackle its disruptive effects. The present study sets out to address this issue. First, the prevalence of bullying is examined in Hong Kong High Schools, and second, the effectiveness of a Restorative Whole-school Approach (RWsA) in reducing bullying is examined in a quasi-experimental design. The RWsA emphasizes the setting up of restorative goals, clear instructions, team building, and good relationships among students, parents, and teachers. Over the course of 2 years, and across four schools, the effectiveness of this program was observed by comparing an intervention group with a partial intervention group (which did not receive the full treatment) and a control group (which received no treatment whatsoever). The group that received the RWsA treatment exhibited a significant reduction of bullying, higher empathic attitudes, and higher self-esteem in comparison to the partial intervention and the control group. Child Care Health Dev. 2011 Sep;37(5):692-702. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01181.x. Epub 2010 Dec 28. 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