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Trends and Socioeconomic Correlates of Adolescent Physical Fighting in 30 Countries
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- Source Departments of Community Health and Epidemiology, and. Abstract
- Bullying in an Adolescent and Young Adult Gynecology Population.
- Does Adolescent Bullying Distinguish Between Male Offending Trajectories in Late Middle Age
- Source MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK. Abstract
- RESULTS
- CONCLUSIONS
Trends and Socioeconomic Correlates of Adolescent Physical Fighting in 30 Countries.Pickett W, Molcho M, Elgar FJ, Brooks F, de Looze M, Rathmann K, Ter Bogt TF, Nic Gabhainn S, Sigmundová D, Gaspar de Matos M, Craig W, Walsh SD,Harel-Fisch Y, Currie C. SourceDepartments of Community Health and Epidemiology, and. AbstractBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:No recent international studies provide evidence about its prevalence, trends, or social determinants of physical fighting in adolescents. We studied cross-national epidemiologic trends over time in the occurrence of frequent physical fighting, demographic variations in reported trends, and national wealth and income inequality as correlates.METHODS:Cross-sectional surveys were administered in school settings in 2002, 2006, and 2010. Participants (N = 493874) included eligible and consenting students aged 11, 13, and 15 years in sampled schools from 30 mainly European and North American countries. Individual measures included engagement in frequent physical fighting, age, gender, participation in multiple risk behaviors, victimization by bullying, and family affluence. Contextual measures included national income inequality, absolute wealth and homicide rates. Temporal measure was survey cycle (year).RESULTS:Frequent physical fighting declined over time in 19 (63%) of 30 countries (from descriptive then multiple Poisson regression analyses). Contextual measures of absolute wealth (relative risk 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.93-0.99 per 1 SD increase in gross domestic product per capita) but not income inequality (relative risk 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.98-1.05 per 1 SD increase) related to lower levels of engagement in fighting. Other risk factors identified were male gender, younger age (11 years), multiple risk behaviors, victimization by bullying, and national homicide rates.CONCLUSIONS:Between 2002 and 2010, adolescent physical fighting declined in most countries. Specific groups of adolescents require targeted violence reduction programs. Possible determinants responsible for the observed declines are discussed. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2012 Dec 6. [Epub ahead of print] Bullying in an Adolescent and Young Adult Gynecology Population.Seltzer MB, Long RA. Source1William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA. AbstractObjective. To determine prevalence of exposure to bullying in an adolescent/young adult gynecology population, whether pelvic pain is an associated somatic complaint, and if health care providers are viewed as a resource. Methods. An anonymous self-reporting survey about exposure to bullying, somatic and mental health symptoms, and disclosure patterns was given to 224 consecutive gynecology patients aged 15 to 24 years in a suburban practice. Results. Prevalence of exposure as a bully, victim, witness, or combination was 80.5%. Missing school for pelvic pain was significantly greater in the bully-victim-witness and victim-witness groups. Taking medication for depression or anxiety was significantly greater in the bully-victim-witness group. No one disclosed bullying exposure to a health care provider. Conclusions. Gynecologists see large numbers of patients exposed tobullying. Patients exposed in combinations of bully, victim, and witness have increased frequency of pelvic pain, depression, and anxiety. Patients do not disclose exposure to bullying to health care providers. J Youth Adolesc. 2012 Dec 9. [Epub ahead of print] Does Adolescent Bullying Distinguish Between Male Offending Trajectories in Late Middle Age?Piquero AR, Connell NM, Piquero NL, Farrington DP, Jennings WG. SourceDepartment of Criminology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., GR31, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA, apiquero@utdallas.edu. AbstractThe perpetration of bullying is a significant issue among researchers, policymakers, and the general public. Although researchers have examined the link between bullying and subsequent antisocial behavior, data and methodological limitations have hampered firm conclusions. This study uses longitudinal data from 411 males in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development from ages 8 to 56 in order to examine the relationship between adolescent bullying and distinct late middle adulthood trajectories of offending, in which different groups of males follow different offending pathways. Results show that self-reported bullying predicts only certain adult offending trajectories but that the effect becomes insignificant once controls are introduced for childhood risk factors, although this may be due to the small number of the most chronic offenders. Study implications and directions for future research are noted. Psychol Med. 2012 Dec 10:1-11. [Epub ahead of print] Increased serotonin transporter gene (SERT) DNA methylation is associated with bullying victimization and blunted cortisol response to stress in childhood: a longitudinal study of discordant monozygotic twins.Ouellet-Morin I, Wong CC, Danese A, Pariante CM, Papadopoulos AS, Mill J, Arseneault L. SourceMRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK. AbstractBACKGROUND:Childhood adverse experiences are known to induce persistent changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity to stress. However, the mechanisms by which these experiences shape the neuroendocrine response to stress remain unclear. Method We tested whether bullying victimization influenced serotonin transporter gene (SERT) DNA methylation using a discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin design. A subsample of 28 MZ twin pairs discordant for bullying victimization, with data on cortisol and DNA methylation, were identified in the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative 1994-1995 cohort of families with twins. RESULTS:Bullied twins had higher SERT DNA methylation at the age of 10 years compared with their non-bullied MZ co-twins. This group difference cannot be attributed to the children's genetic makeup or their shared familial environments because of the study design. Bullied twins also showed increasing methylation levels between the age of 5 years, prior to bullying victimization, and the age of 10 years whereas no such increase was detected in non-bullied twins across time. Moreover, children with higher SERT methylation levels had blunted cortisol responses to stress. CONCLUSIONS:Our study extends findings drawn from animal models, supports the hypothesis that early-life stress modifies DNA methylation at a specific cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) site in the SERT promoter and HPA functioning and suggests that these two systems may be functionally associated. J Affect Disord. 2012 Dec 11. pii: S0165-0327(12)00813-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.046. [Epub ahead of print] Directory: documents documents -> Concept stage documents -> Concept stage documents -> The great global switch-off documents -> Nonprofit grant application documents -> The Truth about the Rwandan Genocide documents -> Annual InStructional unit plan documents -> Chaos equipment included Download 2.3 Mb. Share with your friends:
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