Quality function deployment (qfd)
ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION
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- Affinity Diagram
- HOUSE OF QUALITY
ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATIONNow that the customer expectations and needs have been identified and researched, the QFD team needs to process the information. Numerous methods include affinity diagrams, interrelationship diagrams, tree diagrams, and cause-and-effect diagrams. These methods are ideal for sorting large amounts of information. The affinity diagram, which is ideally suited for most QFD applications, is discussed next. Affinity DiagramThe affinity diagram is a tool that gathers a large amount of data and subsequently organizes the data into groupings based on their natural interrelationships. An affinity diagram should be implemented when Thoughts are too widely dispersed or numerous to organize. New solutions are needed to circumvent the more traditional ways of problem solving. Support for a solution is essential for successful implementation.
2. Record all responses. 3. Group the responses. 4. Organize groups in an affinity diagram. The first step is to phrase the objective in a short and concise statement. It is imperative that the statement be as generalized and vague as possible. The second step is to organize a brainstorming session, in which responses to this statement are individually recorded on cards and listed on a pad. It is sometimes helpful to write down a summary of the discussion on the back of cards so that, in the future when the cards are reviewed, the session can be briefly explained. Next, all the cards should be sorted by placing the cards that seem to be related into groups. Then, a card or word is chosen that best describes each related group, which becomes the heading for each group of responses. Finally, lines are placed around each group of responses and related clusters are placed near each other with a connecting line.
The structure of QFD can be thought of as a framework of a house, as shown in Figure 11–3. 
Figure 11–3 House of quality Reproduced with permission from James L. Brossert, Quality Function Deployment—A Practitioner’s Approach (Milwaukee, Wisc.: ASQC Quality Press, 1991). The parts of the house of quality are described as follows: The exterior walls of the house are the customer requirements. On the left side is a listing of the voice of the customer, or what the customer expects in the product. On the right side are the prioritized customer requirements, or planning matrix. Listed are items such as customer benchmarking, customer importance rating, target value, scale-up factor, and sales point. The ceiling, or second floor, of the house contains the technical descriptors. Consistency of the product is provided through engineering characteristics, design constraints, and parameters. The interior walls of the house are the relationships between customer requirements and technical descriptors. Customer expectations (customer requirements) are translated into engineering characteristics (technical descriptors). The roof of the house is the interrelationship between technical descriptors. Tradeoffs between similar and/or conflicting technical descriptors are identified. The foundation of the house is the prioritized technical descriptors. Items such as the technical benchmarking, degree of technical difficulty, and target value are listed. This is the basic structure for the house of quality; once this format is understood, any other QFD matrices are fairly straightforward. Download 0.94 Mb. Share with your friends:
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