Quality management, environmental management and firm performance: a review of empirical studies and issues of integration
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| Table 5. Proposed dimensions for QEM Dimensions Description Leadership Acceptance of quality and environmental responsibility by leaders (e.g. top management and department heads. Participation by leaders in quality and environmental improvement efforts. Leaders ensure that QEM system addresses current and future quality and environmental issues. People management Employee involvement. Responsibility of employees for quality and environment. Ongoing quality and environmental awareness of all employees. Open employee participation in quality and environmental decisions. Quality and environmental-related recruitment and training for employees. Employee appraisal and recognition for superior quality and environmental performance. Planning Comprehensive quality and environmental planning. Quality and environmental issues become an integral part of planning. Specificity of quality and environmental goals. Strategy development to identify and address the current and future quality and environmental challenges the organization faces. The mission, vision, values and ethics of the organization reflect a quality and socially responsible culture. Information and analysis Availability of quality and environmental data. Quality and environmental measurement and analyses. Integrated audits. Feedback of quality and environmental data to decision-making (e.g. for problem solving). Process management Clarity of process ownership, boundaries and steps. Less reliance on inspection. Preventive maintenance. Design and manage process in order fully to satisfy and generate increasing value for all stakeholders. Integrated documentation. Process improvement based on quality and environmental data. Supplier management Evaluation of suppliers based on quality and environmental issues. Purchasing policy emphasizing quality and environmental issues. Supplier quality and environmental control. Management of supplier relationships. Customer/ stakeholder focus Use of stakeholder satisfaction surveys. Focus on achieving greater stakeholder satisfaction. Management of stakeholder relationships. Stakeholders current and future needs and expectations are considered in order to improve products and processes. Product design Involvement of all affected departments in design reviews. Clarity of specifications. Products and services are designed, developed and improved based on quality and environmental issues. Quality and environmental issues and concerns are identified and resolved during the early stages of product design. Life-cycle analysis of products. |