levels and duration of elevated blood glucose levels in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes [
37
]. A meta- analysis of individuals with type 2 diabetes also identified a relation between
poor sleep quality and higher HbA1C [
14
]. Our findings suggest that the type 2 diabetes literature related to sleep quality, self-care, and glucose levels applies to T1D.
A significant contribution of the present study was to explore potential mediators of the link between poor sleep quality and blood glucose levels. The results are consistent with the interpretation that daily poor sleep quality impairs self-regulation so that failures impede self-care behaviors and lead to higher blood glucose values. The self-regulation failures measured in the present study represent a
range of failures in planning, initiation of behavior, memory, and control over emotions with regard to BG checking [
8
]. Such failures are key in understanding the dynamics of abroad range of aspects of an individual’s ability to regulate the self in relation to diabetes overtime (Turner SL, unpublished data. The results are consistent with other research suggesting that greater sleep is associated with increases in a number of facets of self-regulation, including self-monitoring
as well as goal setting, which would benefit self-care behaviors The mediating roles of self-regulation failures and self-care behaviors on the relation between daily sleep quality and BG levels were only found at the within- person level, as opposed to the between-person level. The analyses performed in the present study, controlling for both between- and within-person level
measures of each construct, suggest that it is daily fluctuations in these variables from one’s own average rather than between-person effects that are important for understanding these processes. The ICCs for both sleep and
BG mean revealed that the majority of the variance
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