Report itu-r bt. 2053-2 (11/2009) L
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- 2.7 DALSA Origin
- 2.8 Lockheed Martin 12M-pixel camera
- 2.9 Panavision Genesis
2.6 ARRI D-20The Munich-based company ARRI has developed the D-20 digital cinematography camera for demonstration purposes10. It is based on a single 6 million pixels CMOS sensor featuring an image area comparable to that of a 35 mm full aperture negative. The sensor has 2 880 2 160 pixels with a Bayer colour filter array. Up to three HD-SDI links provide three alternative output formats including 1 920 1 080. TABLE 4 Specifications of the 8M-pixel CCD sensor and the CMOS sensor
2.7 DALSA OriginDalsa Corporation, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada has announced their Origin digital cinematography camera with an 8M-pixel frame-transfer type CCD with a Bayer colour filter array11. Its pixel structure is 4 046 2 048 and its image area is comparable to that of a 35 mm negative. Raw data are recorded with a RAID hard disk recorder at the speed of 400 Mbit/s. Post-processing including de-mosaicing of colour filter is performed on a workstation. 2.8 Lockheed Martin 12M-pixel cameraLockheed Martin Corporation developed a digital cinematography camera with 12M-pixel CCDs [Hill, W.A. et al., 2003]. The image area is 47.9 mm 62.7 mm. A custom lens was developed to cope with a colour separation prism and large image size. Uncompressed output signals are recorded on a hard disk array in 4 096 3 112 pixels, 24p format. 2.9 Panavision GenesisPanavision Inc. announced the debut of a portable digital imaging camera containing a Super 35 mm sized 12.4-mega-pixel CCD sensor12. It has a frame rate of up to 50 fps and dual link 4:4:4 outputs. It docks to a Sony SRW-1 VTR. 3 H.264/AVCH.264/AVC aims to double the coding efficiency with the same quality in comparison to previous video coding standards, such as MPEG 2, for a broad variety of applications. It can be used for conventional services such as broadcast, storage on optical and magnetic devices, conversational services, multimedia streaming services over a broad variety of network types such as cable, satellite, cable modem, digital subscriber line, Ethernet, LAN, and wireless and mobile networks. H.264 provides a 50% bit rate saving and blocks noise reduction for equivalent perceptual quality. Some important differences in relation to previous standards are: – Enhanced frame-prediction capability. The use of seven different macro-block sizes and shapes, results into bit-rate savings with respect to using only a 16 × 16 block size in inter-frame prediction. The picture used for prediction was previously restricted only to the most recently referred picture and could not be used as a reference for predicting other pictures in the video sequence. By removing this restriction, H.264 standard can provide the encoder with more flexibility. Intra-frame prediction is introduced by this standard, which supports 4 × 4 and 16 × 16 block modes. – Exact-match inverse transformation. In previous video coding standards, the transformation used for representing the video was generally specified only within an error tolerance bound, due to the impracticality of obtaining an exact match with the ideal specified inverse transformation. As a result, each decoder design would produce a slightly different decoded video, causing a drift between the encoded and decoded representations of the video thus effectively reducing the video quality. – Adaptive in-loop deblocking filter. Block-based video coding produces artefacts known as blocking artefacts. These can originate from both the prediction and residual difference coding stages of the decoding process. The use of an adaptive deblocking filter can improve video quality. – Enhanced entropy coding methods. The two entropy coding methods applied in H.264, called context-adaptive variable-length coding (CAVLC) [Shimamoto, H. et al., January 2001] and context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) [Mitani, K. et al., February/March 2002], both use context-based adaptivity to improve compression performance when compared to previous standard designs. For EHRI-3 (7 680 4 320) whose spatial image resolution is equivalent to 7 680 4 320 LSDI system, the coding performance that can be achieved by employing H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC high profile coding functions may be evaluated from the experimental results shown in § 3.5.3 of Report ITU-R BT.2042-313.
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