Research materials digitisation



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Murdoch University

Murdoch Print provides printed material on CD when requested, however 90% of its output is hard copy, or about 20 million impressions per annum, much of which is digitally stored.


Queensland University of Technology

The Library undertook the following digitisation work:


The Sugar Industry Collection is a digitised collection of 58 books, journals and conference proceedings held in the QUT Library. It is a subset of the Sugar Research Institute Library collection previously located in Mackay, Queensland. The Institute and its Library joined QUT in 2007. The fulltext works are available in PDF. Funding was provided by QUT. A scanner was provided by the Universal Digital Library Million Books initiative.
OzCase is a collection of digitised historical Queensland legislation available in PDF. Funding was provided by QUT, Crown Law, and Griffith University. Works available include: Applicable commencement legislation 1793 - 1867 (for Queensland); Applicable lands legislation 1833 - 1910 (for Queensland); Chief Law Officers (Queensland); Criminal Code 1899 Queensland : preparatory and extrinsic materials; Letters Patent establishing the boundaries of Queensland
(includes Proclamations, Legislative Assembly resolutions, maps etc); Public Acts of Queensland 1828-1936; and Local Personal & Private Acts of Queensland 1828-1936. QUT undertook much of the digitisation work, but not all of it, and developed and hosts the OzCase web site.
The AUSTLIT Children’s Literature Digital Resources collection project involved the identification and digitisation of over 500 children’s books. QUT managed all work except for the digitisation work which was outsourced to a digitisation services provider. The project was funded by a LEIF grant under the AUSTLIT project.
University of Ballarat

The records being digitised are hard copy archive files kept in a storage facility in Canberra. Project officers work through each file, marking documents for digitisation. The digitisers take those marked records, scan them into an appropriate format, send the scanned documents to CeCC, and CeCC manipulates the scanned documents into the database and ensures they are able to be viewed appropriately through the GRDC website. The current project is of two years duration, will involve some 20,000 documents, and is funded by GRDC. Two CeCC project officers will work full-time for the two years on this project.


University of New England

The Heritage Centre now holds much of the AV material from the archives in digital format prepared from the Teaching and Learning Centre. There are 654 listed items in the AV Catalogue many of these items duplicate earlier recordings in newer formats. These formats include 16mm film, Beta Cam, VHS, DVD and audio on reel to reel tapes, cassette tape, CD and DVD. The date range runs from 1955 to 2006


Audiovisual 199 files comprising 24 GB digital preservation copies
Oral History 120 files comprising 8.34 GB digital preservation copies
13. Is there scope for the central facility to undertake research material digitisation either for the institution and/or on behalf of others?


How would this differ from the library-provided service? Who would most likely be responsible for it?
Responses are qualified. Murdoch and QUT refer to central University digitisation services which they see as able to undertake research digitisation however QUT Library states it also tends to undertake its own digitisation work but without saying why they choose to do so.

Two universities that are counted as having said no to the first part of the question contributed further information.


The University of Ballarat refers to a scanning facility based in Canberra but suggests a ‘local company’ may be more effective but no further detail as to who or why.
University of Newcastle believes the expertise developed by the Library makes it a better option for undertaking complex digitisation projects
14. Do you have a desideratum of research materials for digitisation in the future by either the library or by your institution?
Central Queensland University, Australia National University, University of Newcastle, University of Sydney - Yes
Bond University

There is a valuable assortment of material in the Bond Archive Collection and the Library would like to collect more from the Faculties, but as yet no particular collections have been selected for digitisation.


Curtin University

A number of possible collections are under consideration for digitisation by the Library. The Library’s staffing and monetary resources limit what can be taken on each year and there are many more collections offered than accepted.


The Architecture Resource Centre has a collection of maps and plans which it has identified for scanning as resources allow.
La Trobe University

There is a list of published material in the Library collection identified as priorities. Otherwise digitisation is in response to the needs of research projects.


Monash University

Yes. Through faculty teams, repository development and research data management initiatives, we have identified collections for digitisation from resources held by the Library or owned by researchers at Monash. Discussions with researchers frequently identify candidate materials for digitisation. Demand exceeds capacity for both current and retrospective materials.


Murdoch University

Murdoch Library holds a considerable collection of Australian science fiction ‘fanzines’ and the digitisation of this material is the subject of a Lotteries West Grant submission.



Queensland University of Technology

The OzCase project intends to undertake further digitisation of historical Queensland legislation when funding or staffing resources become available. QUT Library may attempt to undertake this work operationally in 2012.


Another AUSTLIT project which QUT is involved in – Asian-Australian Children’s Literature and Publishing project – intends to undertake some digitations work in 2012 and QUT Library intends to undertake this work.
QUT holds numerous historical items about its preceding institutions and campus locations and is considering digitising these to form a historical collection.
Digitisation work has involved identification of materials, sourcing of materials. copyright management, scanning, conversion to PDF, creation of metadata, and deposit and management via a repository.
University of Adelaide

Nearly all digitisation is in response to research requests. However we hope next year to establish Daisy Bates and Maude Digital Archives to make unique ms materials relating to Aboriginal and Central Pacific language and culture available to remote communities and return traditional knowledge to the original communities.



University of Ballarat

The University has been awarded funding under the Broadband-Enabled Innovation Project to undertake the “Adapting new technologies to sustainably manage a precious resource: Visualising Victoria’s Groundwater” project, which will involve, amongst other activities, digitising boring records currently stored in the University’s Geology department and including these records into an overall database, making the information discoverable to interoperable web mapping systems and developing 3D geological and hydrogeological models to function as web-based tools.


The UB Art & Historical Collection houses materials that are used for research purposes, including information relating to Ballarat’s historical aspects in mining and education. There is scope for further digitisation of this and other collections of research materials into the future.
University of Canberra Library

Propose to support the Lu Rees Archives (owned by Childrens Book Council ACT and housed by University of Canberra Library) initiative to digitise original artworks for Australian childrens literature illustrations.


University of Melbourne

The rich collections of the University (Library) highlight endless possibilities but capability is limited. At the being of each year the Library collates requests from academics, collection managers and discipline librarians (from their interactions with the academic community) to develop a prioritised list of Library collections to be digitised in the coming year. This will often be interrupted if collections are drawn to our attention that would be of high value or public interest to make accessible


University of New England

The University of New England has pioneered and maintained the collection of regional archival material for over 50 years. Many of these records date back to the first European settlers moving into the region and some station records provide contextual and economic history not available through colonial government documentation in these areas.


University of Queensland

Yes – there are multiple collections available for digitisation – especially in the Fryer Library


University of Western Australia

Yes – we are developing a prioritised list of rare and valuable materials in our Special Collections for digitisation. These include: manuscript collections, the backset of the University’s Guild student magazine, photograph and slide collections, and significant audiovisual recordings.


University of Western Sydney

The digitisation of materials for inclusion in the Whitlam Prime Ministerial Collection is ongoing and will continue to be a priority for the University Library.


University Librarian and Director, NAA are currently discussing a digital project to make available materials relevant to the Whitlam government. The original documents are held by the National Archives.
The University is currently investigating the creation of a digital repository for all peer reviewed (minimum requirement) publications by UWS staff which may not necessarily qualify for HERDC reporting. The University Librarian is central to these discussions as it will become a Library responsibility if/when it becomes a reality.
University of Wollongong

Archive collections have been prioritised according to a number of criteria to assist in selecting material for digitisation.


Victoria University

We have a number of special collections that we wish to digitise to assist and support a major University research interest.


Swinburne University of Technology

Not especially, although individual research centres and academic staff are likely to have an idea of content which they would like digitised. We are only interested in digitising materials where there is sufficient value in doing so, including user demand and/or access requirements.


Charles Darwin University

Not yet – the LAAL project and the NT Historical Photographs Collection are the only two digitisation projects on the horizon


University of the Sunshine Coast - Not currently, Edith Cowan University - No. We have not got this far in our planning. University of Tasmania - No

15 What materials would you prioritise for a national research digitisation project?
Australia National University

We would prioritise unique material particularly from the Rare Book Library and the ANU Archives which is not lent to other libraries.



Bond University

Those materials unique to Bond University, and ideally Research Centre collections held in the Faculties.


Central Queensland University

Nil
Charles Darwin University

Out of copyright material relating to the NT
Significant indigenous material, eg Land Claims, Stolen Generation material etc.
Curtin University

This is difficult to answer without knowing what the priorities of such a project would be and what the priorities of the University would be in this regard. There are likely to be many worthy research collections which are not currently in digital format within the humanities faculty in particular.


Edith Cowan University

We have not got this far in our planning


La Trobe University

Eg Australian Government publications – National, states and local, early Australiana, archives, maps, letters, diaries, company and business records


Monash University

Our first priority would be Monash research outputs deemed to be of national interest or significance that are not accessible elsewhere. Resources would be prioritised by the demand for access to them, the vulnerability of the original materials (formats, preservation etc.). Other criteria might include the scope, benefits and opportunities offered by digitisation projects, the availability of suitable conversion technologies, size, complexity. Materials digitised to date include historical photographic collections, slides, movies and sound recordings, Monash University PhD theses, working papers etc.


Murdoch University

Its difficult to identify a priority for such a national project because research interests can be so specialised. However, from the perspective of the Murdoch humanities and social sciences community the following would be of great interest:


- extension of Australian newspapers digitised and available on Trove;
- similarly for Australian Women’s Weekly;
- digitisation of the Australian Women’s Day;
Queensland University of Technology

QUT has few significant historical print collections suitable for digitisation to support learning and research.


Swinburne University of Technology

Our archival images are already contributed to Picture Australia, a national image gallery.


Swinburne has been involved in exploring funding for the digitisation of Il Globo, Australia’s largest-circulation non-English language newspaper. However, the cost quoted for this is beyond the resources of Swinburne or other players, such as the newspaper itself. There is microfilm for 35 years of the newspaper’s 51-year run (1960-2010).
Swinburne social researchers have previously expressed interest in having access to digitised copies of Australian public affairs, news, cultural and other journal literature.
University of Adelaide

This would depend on the parameters of the national project – whether focus is on Australian materials or specific subject areas. The above Bates and Maude collections would be our highest priorities.


University of Ballarat

Consultation with the UB research centres would further inform of possibilities for digitisation of research materials.


University of Canberra Library

Primary materials from the Lu Rees Archive of Australian Childrens Literature.


University of Melbourne

This would need to be informed by further consultation with the research community but we envisage it would be focused on unique University materials and the needs of the social sciences and humanities sector in the first instance.




University of Newcastle

• From our collections - Glass plate negatives, Collections of negatives that are deteriorating, Pender Architectural Plans


• From other collections –The Newcastle Morning Herald and its predecessors, as well as other regional newspapers. These are invaluable resources. Selected rare, out-of-copyright books of national significance that have not already been digitised.
University of New England

I would seek to complete digitisation of early station records where the Ration books, ledgers and station diaries document local aboriginal families. Many early landholder records provide the only documentation of local aboriginal families available to their descendants. These families were not being captured by contemporary government records like Births, Deaths and Marriage registration.



University of the Sunshine Coast

Probably materials of local/regional significance


University of Sydney

Primary source Australian material, including historical, early scientific, literature, biography etc




University of Tasmania

The Library is not involved in the digitisation of research materials. However, of highest priority would be material requiring digitisation for HERDC and ERA purposes. In particular HERDC poses some copyright and storage issues in relation to digitisation which would benefit from further investigation.


University of Western Australia

Unique material of state and national historical and research interest.


Material which is out of copyright or where UWA holds reproduction rights.
UWA-specific historical material.
University of Western Sydney

Regional, area specific material re. Western Sydney are envisaged to be a priority in the future.




University of Wollongong

Local newspapers, e.g. Illawarra Mercury




Victoria University

This would be dependant on further consultation with the research community within the University, we envisage it would be mainly the needs of the Faculty of Arts & Human development.


16. What barriers are there to the digitisation of this material? Please include some specific examples.
Cost - 9

Copyright/Permission - 7 , Orphan works - 1, Ownership - 2

Staff - 5, Expertise - 1

Technological support - 4, Equipment - 2

Time - 4

Need for centralised body - 3

Digital storage space - 3

Ethics - 2



Fragility of original item - 1, Obsolete formats - 1, Incomplete materials - 1, Locating material - 1 Already digitised but unavailable/inaccessible to Australia - 1

17. Would your institution participate in a national digitisation programme if Government funding was dependent on co-contributions?

* Conditional responses referred to cost – 4, Local relevance – 2, ‘in principle’ – 1, type of program – 2, nature of agreement – 2, readiness - 2


18. How would you envisage the corpus created by a national digitisation programme being maintained and accessed once project funding is exhausted?

Australia National University

Assume that each institution would maintain in their own digital repository and that a national body would provide a portal.


Central Queensland University

With great difficulty. The goodwill of libraries and their host institutions is being stretched to the limit and being moved more and more to an ROI model. The aim of IRs to be open access for research publications has been hijacked by ERA.


Charles Darwin University

Responsibility of a single institution which is decided at planning stage;


Establishing a means of regular communication with other institutions with related collections.
Curtin University

There would need to be a collaborative agreement between the parties involved in the program to ensure the program was maintained. It may be maintained by a national institution such as the National Library or by a body such as CAUL.


La Trobe University

Material in repositories can be made available through harvested metadata to national and international aggregators, including those for research (eg Data Commons) as well as Library (eg Trove). Coordination of effort is required for published materials. Individual research projects can apply for the costs of digitisation efforts as part of the submission.


Monash University

Fundamentally Monash materials should be stored in a permanent repository supporting federated search functionality. Our preferred option would be to use the Monash repository or other discipline related repository for research materials. Monash has an established repository which is not dependent on short term project funding.


Murdoch University

Ideally the results would be openly accessible via a Creative Commons license and fully searchable via discovery layers, Google, Google Scholar and Trove.


Queensland University of Technology

QUT would envisage digitised collections being available using a distributed model with each institution hosting their content on the open access institutional digital repository. Collections would be indexed and searchable via the National Library of Australian’s TROVE service and Google etc.


Swinburne University of Technology

The National Library of Australia is already the focus for the largest digitising activity in Australia. Given the likelihood that any effort in Australia would focus primarily on Australian material, the NLA would be an obvious focus for maintaining and providing access.


University of Adelaide

Digitised items would be housed in individual institutional digital repositories, with a centralised online listing of projects – also with entries in Trove database.


University of Ballarat

Utilising central database such as Research Data Australia to ensure the digitised research material is able to be identified and accessed if appropriate. Any project to collect information on research material and data should have a plan for ongoing financial support to ensure its continued development and maintenance, whether it is centrally government funded or by agreement between collaborating research institutions.



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