Review Questions for Test 3 Ichthyology 2008 Breeding Strategies
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| 52. (referring to the graph above) What treatments did Conover & Munch use?
53. (again referring to the graph above) Which treatments produced the largest harvest & the largest sized fish? Why did this happen? Fisheries & Marine Reserves 54. What three observations have led people to seek a “risk-averse” management strategy in marine reserves? 55. List 5 ways that fisheries are damaging to fish populations. In theory, how would marine reserves effect this? 56. List 3 ways that fisheries damage wild populations with non-intended takes. How much of fishery mortality is estimated to be a consequence of by-catch? 57. What are our goals for marine reserves? What evidence is there that marine reserves increase #s and biodiversity within the reserves? What evidence is there are spillover effects? 58. List 4 different criteria for determining whether or not marine reserves are “beneficial”. Which criteria do you think are likely to be upheld and which ones are likely to not be true? 59. Can marine reserves result in a global λ > 1 for a species that is the target of harvesting? What would have to be done to have λ > 1? 60. In your opinion, are marine reserves a good idea? 61. What types of species are most likely to benefit from marine reserves? 62. Where should marine reserves be located? How large should they be? Tetraodontiformes & topminnow results 63. Why are the Tetraodontiformes considered to be the most divergent fishes away from the basic Teleostean design? 64. In general, what’s unique about the type of food that animals in this group eat? 65. What kind of parental care do Triggerfish have? How do Triggerfish and filefish use their “triggers” (or files)? How do these two groups differ? 66. Explain the unique features of boxfishes, puffers, and burrfish. How do they each protect themselves from predation? Why is it a bad idea to cook pufferfish for yourself? Describe some of the unique features of the ocean sunfish.
the blackstripe topminnow? For both traits (age and size), list a few possible factors that could account for these differences. Describe an experiment that would test these. 68. Male topminnows have larger anal fins and larger dorsal fins than females. List a couple of hypotheses as to why these differences have evolved. Describe an experiment that would test these ideas.
82. Which families are protogynous hermaphrodites and which are protandrous hermaphrodites? 83. What are some specific advantages to the damselfish gardening algae? 84. What is “Lekking”? 85. Why has the Nile Perch been introduced to the Lake Victoria region and what effect does it have to native cichlid species? 86. What are the advantages and disadvantages to the two types of brooding. 87. What types of water bodies would you think tubular, disc and stream-lined cichlids inhabit? Scombroidei 88. What about the biology of tuna and other scombroids makes them vulnerable to overexploitation? Why should we worry about declining tuna populations? 89. What advantage do endothermic Scombroids have over fish without endothermy? If endothermy is so great, why not commit to it? That is, what advantage does regional heterothermy have over complete endothermy? 90. What is Ram ventilation? Which fish groups can it be found? How does it help those fishes to get oxygen? 91. Why do researchers think heater organs evolved multiple times in Scombroids? How do heater organs differ from red muscle in the way heat is created? 92. Why do swordfishes like to jump from the ocean? Gobioidei 93. What adaptations do gobies have for a benthic lifestyle? 94. Why are loach gobies considered the most primitive gobies? 95. Why is Gobiidae so speciose? 96. Why do experts think there may be lots of undiscovered species in Gobiidae? 97. Where is the round goby native to? 98. What role does the goby play in the shrimp goby/shrimp mutualism? Pauly et al. paper 
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