Risk Assessment Oil and Gas
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ADNOC Toolbox Talk Awareness Material 2020, ADNOC Toolbox Talk Awareness Material 2020, TRA-Installation of Field Instruments, Road Maintenance Plan & Status-Map Format
| LIST OF FIGURES 1. Ecological Risk Assessment—The three primary risk assessment phases are: problem formulation, analysis, and risk characterization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2. Location of Study Sites—The Priobskoye oil field in western Siberia is a newly discovered deposit located under the ecologically sensitive flood plain of the Ob River. The location of the study area in Siberia is shown on the shaded relief map and a close-up of the study area shown on the inset map. Three study sites were chosen in the study area (see the inset map) in order to assess ecological risk to developed (Site 1), undeveloped (Site 2), and soon-to-be developed (Site 3) areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3. Data Sources for GIS Layers—Data from NSS, civilian satellites, maps, and in-situ measurements were used to create GIS databases at 1:250,000 (Overview area) and 1:25,000 (Site 1). Examples shown here include: 1) Landsat false color image of the study area during the summer shows vegetation as red and water as black; 2) Close-up of Site 1 in the winter of 1962 from the recently declassified imagery of the NSS named Corona; 3) SPOT panchromatic image (1995) of the overview area showing recent oil field development; and 4) On-site inspection of an oil storage tank by a joint U.S.-Russian team in 1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4. Change detection using 1984 (pre-development) and 1996 (post-development) Landsat data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5. This AVHRR time series shows the middle course of the Ob River (including the study area) as the ground cover changes from snow in the first scene (April 21, 1996), to melting snow, and finally to flooded conditions in the last scene (July 4, 1996). The AVHRR channels are displayed in false-color such that growing vegetation appears red and water (or flooded terrain) is black. The white dots in the southwest corner of the July scene are clouds. This data shows that the flooding conditions here and in other sections of the Ob River can be monitored with wide-area coverage satellite data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 viii FIGURES (Cont.) 6. Relationship between stressors and impacts for the Priobskoye study site. Pathways between stressor and receptors are direct in the case of oil spray onto trees and indirect for the case of an oil spill that infiltrates ground water and surface water which then flows into the fish spawning grounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 7. 1:250,000 GIS of Priobskoye oil field—The natural environment and infrastructure layers of the 1:250,000 GIS of the overview study area are shown. The layers were derived from NSS, civilian satellite, and other data. The Ob River and its flood plain are at the top of the map and the upland terrace consisting of marsh and forest is at the bottom. In the middle of the map is shown the existing oil field development on the south (left) bank of the Ob. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 8. 1:25,000 GIS of Site 1 in the Priobskoye oil field—The natural environment and infrastructure layers are shown. The high resolution of NSS data allowed details of the oil pads and pipelines to be included in the GIS. These data are used for risk assessment, emergency equipment placement, and planning response scenarios in the event of an oil spill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 9. 1:25,000 GIS of Site 3 in the Priobskoye oil field—The top 1/3 of the GIS was derived from Russian NSS data. The bottom 2/3 of the GIS was derived from civilian satellite data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 10. Impact of an oil spill in Site 1 at three selected locations and seasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 11. Risk of an oil spill to lakes, rivers, and streams from submerged pipeline sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 12 . Relative elevation data of Site 1 constructed from flood level data, stream channels, and image interpretation of high ground. The lines are proposed pipelines and the dots are proposed well pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 13. Entry points to water bodies from an oil spill at all non-submerged sections of a proposed pipeline. Yellow areas are water entry points and orange areas are oil pathways from a single or multiple (red) source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 ix FIGURES (Concluded) 14. Risk to fish in the event of an oil spill at three selected points of Site 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 15. Risk to waterfowl in the event of an oil spill in Site 1 at 3 selected points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 16 . Road construction—This example shows that the likelihood of extensive ponding is greatest for a road designed solely to minimize cost by using the shortest path (top figure). By adding culverts and constructing road segments based on drainage considerations, the extent of ponding is greatly reduced (bottom figure). . . . . . . . . 73 17. Risk to trees from proposed pump station oil spray in Site 1 during spring and summer . . . 75 18 . Impact of an oil spill in Site 3 at three selected points and seasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 19. Impact of an oil spill to lakes, rivers, and streams from all submerged sections of a proposed pipeline route in Site 3 80 20. Risk to fish in the event of an oil spill in Site 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 21. Risk to waterfowl in the event of an oil spill at 3 selected points in Site 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 22. Road construction impact in Site 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 23 . Risk to trees from proposed pump station oil spray in Site 3 during spring and summer . . . 88 24. Example of improved GIS layers using NSS data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 25. Waterfowl population density (above), nesting, and feeding grounds (below) in Site 3 . . 131 |