Role of Utterance
-
Express the point of view of the speaker and the minds that shaped his
-
w/ in a context
-
language is NOT abstract speaking act- language is tied to its use
-
language changes social relationships (ex: insulting)
-
this includes silence (when you are silent, you are also saying something) and pauses
-
speech only exists as concrete utterances
-
Translinguistics- broken down into two categories: voice and dialogicality
Voice
Who is doing the speaking?
|
Who is being addressed?
| -
Intonation
-
Personality
-
Mood
-
“An utterance, spoken or written, is always expressed from a point of view (a voice), which for Bakhtin is a process rather than a location. Utterance is an activity that enacts difference in values. On an elementary level, for instance, the same words can mean different things depending on context: intonation is the sound that value makes” (p.51).
| -
“voices always exist in a social milieu” (p.51).
-
ADDRESSIVITY (the voice of the speaker responds to the voice of the listener)
-
“An utterance reflects not only the voice producing it but also the voices to which is it addressed” (p.53).
-
“Understanding strokes to match the speaker’s with a counter word” (p.52).
|
Dialogicality and Multivoicedness
-
All speech depends on dialogue
-
The more someone else responds, reflects greater understanding.
-
Interpersonal vs. intrapersonal (between people, vs. inner dialogue)
-
Addressivity- one persons utterances are adapted in advance to another’s.
-
Parody- “a process in which one voice transmits what another voice has said but does so with a “shift in accent” (p.55)… 2 voices- dialogue.. mimic someone else voice of another with a shift in accent
-
Ex: Bushes speech when he says, “p.63 repeating what Dukakis already said “creating good jobs at good wages”
-
(Nacirema written as a parody)
-
one can connect a particular voice with the person that said it, and then always connect that word with that person (ex: inoperative p.55)
Social Languages “the way in which various languages in a cultural setting are employed” p57
-
Is not a not a national language
-
Adding context in language.
-
p.57 a discourse particular to a specific situation of society at a given time..”
-
Different kinds: “social dialects, characteristic groups behavior, profession jargons..” p.58
-
used in different settings
-
an utterance is individual
-
hard to recreate an utterance- it is unique
-
rules of language… we cant just use random words
-
there is still an underlined structure
-
ventriliquation (defined p.59) taking someone else’s words and adapting it to your own intentions.
-
one voice saying one thing (speaker), then the role of other influences
-
hybrid construction (2 perspectives): the juxtaposition of two different social language in one utterance i.e. mixing black and white to get grey
Speech Genres
-
Typical form or type of utterance
-
Kind of expression
-
Situation of speech communication and theme
-
Circumstances
-
Utterance have definite and stable typical forms of construction of a whole
-
Forms- named forms of speech within the national language. Used by members of a culture.
-
Songs
-
Speeches
-
Stories
-
Prayers
-
Poem
-
General form is the same, but content can be different
-
Genre of speaker is anticipated or guessed by the listener- indexing another genre, rather than a hybrid
-
We speak in genres without knowing that they exist (known by expectations)u7
Share with your friends: |
