Round 4 toronto hybrid mirror: orlando (2016)

Questions revised from the Toronto Hybrid set, with editing and writing by Travis Vitello, with support from Virginia Ruiz, Ian McKenzie, Jihye Shin, Billy Beyer, McKinnie Sizemore, Kevin Comer, Peter Torres, Zach Foster, Alex Shaw, Taylor Harvey, and Sean Platzer

ANSWER: Robert Lee Frost

2. This man played the character Dick Pants in the Michael Myers comedy The Love Guru. Along with comedian Andy Zaltzman, this man was a long-time host for the satirical podcast, The Bugle. This man joined Zaltzman as Victor Gooch, a member of Research Team 32 on a BBC Radio 4 program titled The Department. This man broke his nose when covering a Civil War reenactment in 2006 for a show on which this man would often be referred to as “Senior British Correspondent.” Recurring segments on this man’s current program include “Other Countries’ Presidents of the United States,” “How Is This Still a Thing,” and pleas for the safe return of Russian Space Sex Geckos. This man forgave $15 million in medical debt on one episode of his HBO show, a program where he spearheaded a movement to "Make Donald Drumpf Again." For ten points, name this former Daily Show correspondent, the host of Last Week Tonight.

ANSWER: John Oliver

3. Speaking to Helen Plane and her colleagues, the original artist of the work at this site criticized that its first concept “would look like a postage stamp on a barn door.” Because of World War I [“one”], work on this site did not begin until 1923. Warren G. Harding said that the “gigantic work [here was] certain to rank among the immortal memorials created by men,” and one of the men who worked on it became known as “Dynamite Davis” after a Belgian engineer, Jean Vanophem, taught the original artist a process for precision blasting. Doane ["dwayne"] Robinson learned of the work here and contacted the original artist, Gutzon Borglum, to execute a different project in South Dakota’s Black Hills. Roy Faulkner finished its giant bas relief which shows three men on horseback holding hats over their hearts. For ten points, name this Georgia site of a Confederate memorial carving depicting the likenesses of Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, and Stonewall Jackson.

ANSWER: Stone Mountain

4. Captain Albert Baratier was chosen as an emissary to relay the details of this event, which had caused Théophile Delcassé to comment on its absurdity. Although it isn’t Borgu, the site where this event took place would eventually be renamed to the Shilluk word Kodok. One side reached the site of this event after defeating a Mahdist army at Omdurman, while the other side had earlier spent months traveling across the Bahr el-Ghazal and partly up the Ubangi River on the steamship Faidherbe; those travels were prompted by Gabriel Hanotaux’s dispatch of Jean-Baptiste Marchand while simultaneously Horatio Kitchener was trekking up the Nile towards Khartoum. As a result of this event, the countries involved had their respective spheres of influence demarcated by the watersheds of the Nile and Congo Rivers. The Entente Cordiale was enacted six years after the diplomatic resolution of, for ten points, what "incident" between France and Britain at a fort in what is now South Sudan?

ANSWER: Fashoda Incident (also accept Fashoda Crisis of 1898)

5. In a review of the film in which this character appears, Roger Ebert noted how he once informed “an English teacher that” he “could write better” short stories than Eudora Welty in an anecdote comparing himself to this “know-it-all.” This character confides to "Lord Jesus" that she knows how it was the “divine hand that disqualified Tammy,” one of this character’s rivals. Another of her rivals, Paul Metzler, decides to run against her after being influenced by the history teacher, Mr. McAllister, played by Matthew Broderick. Pundits have compared female politicians such as Elizabeth Dole and Hillary Clinton to this character, who is revealed in her film’s epilogue as attending Georgetown before becoming a staffer for a Republican Congressman from Nebraska. Reese Witherspoon was nominated for a Golden Globe for playing, for ten points, what overachiever in the Alexander Payne film Election?

ANSWER: Tracy Flick (accept either underlined portion)

6.  One song by this band was inspired by a debate over euthanasia, featuring lines like “this decision is mine, I have lived a full life," and another song by this band describes a title location “behind the firehouse / where Pewee sits upon the wall to preach” and is titled “Oddfellows Local 151." One of this band’s songs is dominated by a howling, siren-like feedback loop for six and a half of its seven minutes. That song by this band is “Leave," and is featured on the album New Adventures in Hi-Fi. That album by this band served as a follow-up to 1994’s Monster, which featured the tracks “You” and “What’s the Frequency, Kenneth?" During readings of "Mean Tweets" on Jimmy Kimmel Live!, the background music is often this band's song "Everybody Hurts." For ten points, name this American alternative rock band whose hits include “Orange Crush” and “Losing My Religion."

ANSWER: R.E.M.

7. This composer wrote a collection of songs for students at his brother’s school, which includes “A New Year Carol” and “Old Abram Brown”: that collection is titled Friday Afternoons. Peter Pears portrayed characters in two of this man's works; those roles were Aschenbach and the Earl of Essex in this man's Death in Venice and Gloriana, respectively. W.H. Auden contributed a libretto to an operetta by this man inspired by the folkloric lumberjack, Paul Bunyan. In one of his works, the title figure is advised not to take another apprentice, while in another of his works the song "Starry Vere, God Bless You!" is performed; that latter work was based on a Herman Melville novel. Variations and Fugue on a Theme of Purcell and Billy Budd are compositions by, for ten points, what 20th-century English composer of Peter Grimes, a War Requiem, and The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra?

ANSWER: Edward Benjamin Britten

 

8. Nadel and O’Keefe coined the term “slam on the brakes!” to describe the inhibitory function of this neurological structure. One of this structure’s main functions was discussed by Scoville and Milner in a 1959 paper in which Henry Gustav Molaison had this neurological structure surgically destroyed in an attempt to relieve his epileptic seizures. This structure plays a small role in olfactory sensation, and a major role in spatial navigation, or cognitive mapping, and long-term potentiation was first observed in this structure. This structure is located inside the medial temporal lobe and consists of two interlocking parts known as Ammun’s horn and the dentate gyrus. For ten points, name this structure that resembles either a “silkworm” or a “seahorse” and whose destruction leads to anterograde and retrograde amnesia, and which plays a significant role in memory.

9. This document stated that miscegenation was forbidden as was the ridicule of “natural law,” and it may have been prompted in part by violence towards women by James Cagney. This document consisted of a number of “Don’ts” and “Be Carefuls,” and forbade ridiculing the clergy or implying white slavery. During the lapse between the time this document was passed to when it began to be enforced, the Marx Brothers lampooned it in their film Duck Soup by implying that bestiality with a horse was preferable to a man and woman sharing a bed. A consequence to this set of rules was the more moderate depictions of Betty Boop after the 1920s, and it has often been considered a reaction to what some felt was the romanticizing of crime bosses as seen in films like The Public Enemy. The MPAA replaced, for ten points, what movie code adopted in 1930 that governed the self-censorship of the American film industry?

ANSWER: Hays Code (or Motion Picture Production Code)

10. This game’s 2015 world champion was the Swedish Ostkaka, while a recent announcement for this game titled “A New Way To Play” introduced a new variation on one of its play modes. The warning “bots may explode” accompanies one character from this non-MMORPG, where another character named Uther Lightbringer uses the emote “well met!” This game, whose Goblins and Gnomes expansion includes Dr. Boom, allows players to compete in “Arena” mode and in a rotating weekly “Tavern Brawl.” Players in this game can spend mana to activate a class-specific hero power and play cards from a 30 card deck. For ten points, name this free-to-play Blizzard online card game based on the Warcraft franchise.

ANSWER: Hearthstone

11. Cumberbatch and Howitt argued that the results of this study were not generalizable to the real world when citing the artificiality of its setting. In a previous related experiment with Huston, subjects were placed into rooms in either a “model friendly” or “model cold” environment to examine the effects on the subjects’ observation-learning. This experiment, by the author of Self-Efficacy, was followed 2 years later by a similar investigation published under the title “Imitation of Film-Mediated Aggressive Models”; that study tested the behavioral influences of a real-life model, one on film, and another as a cartoon cat, each interacting with a certain weighted object. One subject in this experiment commented that “He’s a good fighter like Daddy!” after seeing an adult shout things like “Hit him down,” “Kick him,” and “Pow” while attacking an inflatable toy. The social learning of children was tested at Stanford University’s Nursery School, in, for ten points, what study led by Albert Bandura?

ANSWER: Bobo doll experiment

ANSWER: Mario Balotelli (accept Mario Barwuah)

13. Ptolemy attributed the discovery of this phenomenon to the Greek astrologer and trigonometry founder, Hipparchus. The frame-dragging Lense-Thirring effect is a relativistic correction of this phenomenon, a form of which is named for de Sitter. The Bargmann–Michel–Telegdi equation can be used to describe the behavior of the Larmor form of this phenomenon which affects bodies featuring magnetic moments. The more general form of this phenomenon is a result of the inverse-square law of gravity, and occurs due to tidal forces from the sun and the moon. Minor forms of this phenomenon are referred to as nutation and a notable consequence of this phenomenon is the changing of pole stars. For ten points, name this phenomenon, an aberration of axial rotation due to external gravitational forces which results in a planetary “wobble.”

ANSWER: precession

14. In Hawaiian creation myth, these creatures are the lone survivors of the previous, alien world, and these creatures are frequently depicted in the artifacts of the Moche people. In the Victor Hugo novel Toilers of the Sea, the protagonist battles one of these creatures. The Pacific Northwest Tree variety of one of these creatures was a hoax meant to expose the lack of internet literacy in American schoolchildren. One of these creatures in Oberhausen, Germany made headlines in 2010 when it correctly predicted many FIFA World Cup matches as well as the tournament’s final outcome. The throwing of these animals onto the ice has become a playoff tradition at Detroit Red Wings games. Blanket, Caribbean Reef and Blue-Ringed are varieties of, for ten points, what eight-armed cephalopods?

ANSWER: octopus (accept octopi or octopode; prompt on “cephalopod” until mentioned, do not accept or prompt on “squid” or “mollusk”)

15. One of these objects is the namesake of Elenna, the gift of the Valar to the faithful Edain. The crown of Arnor has one of these objects as its main heraldic device, in reference to Elros Tar-Minyatur’s heritage. Celebrimbor, the fifth son of Feanor, etched one of these objects into the Doors of Durin in Eregion. After the death of the Two Trees, the Valar hung a sickle made of these objects above the Calacirya; that sickle, unlike Arien, known as the ship of day, was made by Varda, at times called Elbereth Gilthoniel. Ithildin, made from mithril, can be read by the moon or by the light of these objects. The last remaining Silmaril became an example of, for ten points, what celestial objects that are guarded by Earendil the Mariner in the night sky?

ANSWER: stars

16. Billboard ranked this musical group fourth in the category of time spent at number one, a position they held for 50 weeks, and this group began under the name Unique Attraction when it was co-founded with former member Marc Nelson. A hit single off their first album reached the top of the charts worldwide in 1992, and featured lyrics such as “When I can’t sleep at night without holding you tight, girl each time I try I just break down and cry." That album for this group was Cooleyhighharmony, and their only LP recorded for Universal Records featured the tracks "Thank You in Advance" and "Pass You By"; that later album was Nathan Michael Shawn Wanya, and was named for this group's members. In one of theirs songs, the group sings “Like you want me to / And I’ll hold you tight / Baby all through the night” following the title lyric. For ten points, name this R&B vocal group known for emotional ballads such as “End of the Road” and “I’ll Make Love to You."

ANSWER: Boyz II Men [“boys to men”]

17. After surgically removing his sister’s uterus so that only he can produce an heir to the family fortune, a character on this show is fed hallucinogenic drugs, which leads to him mutilating his own face before being drowned in a tank of eels. One character on this show remarks, “Killing must feel good to God, too. He does it all the time, and are we not created in his image?” Murder victims on this show are often found converted into art pieces, including one whose vocal cords are tanned in order to create a fully functioning cello. All episodes of this show are named for French, Italian and Japanese gourmet dishes except for its last five episodes, which are named after William Blake works. Novels by Thomas Harris inspired, for ten points, what NBC television series that saw Mads Mikkelsen star as the titular serial killer, who was portrayed by Anthony Hopkins in The Silence of the Lambs?

ANSWER: Hannibal (do not accept or prompt on "(Dr.) Hannibal Lecter")

18. Lands were divided into taxable units called myo during this period, and a violent disruption of this era is recounted in The Shokyuki. This period saw the formal implementation of a government system where the reigning Emperor would abdicate but still retain his influence and power; that was known as the insei system. This era culminated in a war that was decided at the Battle of Dan-no-Ura, where the Taira were defeated at sea. The Gosannen and Zenkunen conflicts took place during this period, which also saw a communications gaff result in the so-called "Ako controversy." Although the Emperor was nominally the head of state, much of this period was de facto ruled by the Fujiwara clan, and this period was ended by the Genpei War. The Tale of Genji was written during, for ten points, what period of classical Japanese history that lasted from 794 to 1185 AD and had its capital at modern-day Kyoto?

ANSWER: Heian period (accept Heian jidai)

19. One character with this first and last name had a head so large as a child that it was difficult for her to learn to walk. Another character with this first and last name gives thoughtful gifts, each with a very specific set of directions, much to the chagrin of the recipients. Another character with this first and last name is late to an exam after a deer hits the car she is driving. One of the three characters with this first and last name lives in Paris, where she learned about proper cooking, whereas the other two have a coffee addiction and love take out. The youngest woman with this first and last name is accepted to the "Big Three" including her dream school, Harvard, but opts to attend Yale; that Yaley is nicknamed Rory. Lauren Graham played the most commonly named of, for ten points, what three quick-witted, women who share a first and last name on a show titled for their family’s “girls”?

ANSWER: Lorelai Gilmore (prompt on partial answers; do not accept or prompt on "Rory Gilmore" or "Trix Gilmore")

20. One poem by this man proclaims “I weep, - my tears revive it not!” in reference to a titular flower. In addition to “On a Faded Violet,” this poet penned the lines “What is all this sweet work worth/If thou kiss not me?” and the lines “Depart not – lest the grave should be / Like life and fear a dark reality.” In addition to writing “Love’s Philosophy” and “Hymn to Intellectual Beauty,” this poet penned The Masque of Anarchy in response to the Peterloo Massacre. This man opened a poem about a "bird thou never wert" with the line “Hail to thee, blithe Spirit!” and wrote another poem that describes a “shattered visage” in an “antique land” that contains the words “Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair!” For ten points, name this poet who wrote “To a Skylark” and “Ozymandias” and whom also eulogized John Keats in his poem “Adonais.”

 

BONUSES

[10] Those videos are usually based on Hitler’s April 22, 1945, meltdown when he discovered that this man had refused to lead a counterattack against the Soviet 1^st Belorussian Front.

ANSWER: SS-Obergruppenführer Felix Martin Julius Steiner

[10] As the Battle of Berlin came to an end and German resistance crumbled, this man and his wife poisoned their children with cyanide and then committed suicide. This man had served as Germany’s Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 1945.

ANSWER: Paul Joseph Goebbels

[10] The 1^st Belorussian Front was commanded by this Marshal, responsible, together with Ivan Konev, for the Vistula-Oder offensive and the Battle of Berlin. This man lends his name to an Imperial Stout produced by Cigar City.

ANSWER: Marshal Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov

2. Performing this mathematical operation on the magnetic field or angular momentum also adds a sign flip, since those quantities are pseudo-vectors. For ten points each:

[10] Name this operation, the presence of which distinguishes an improper rotation from a proper one. In optics, the total internal form of this phenomenon is used in fiber optic cables.

ANSWER: reflection

[10] The invariance of certain physical laws under reflections demonstrates that they possess this kind of symmetry. The weak interaction is the only fundamental force which violates this type of symmetry, as seen in the decay of the kaon ["KAY"-"on"].

ANSWER: parity

[10] Violation of parity was first demonstrated in this experiment, where the decay of cobalt-60 nuclei were shown to preferentially emit electrons in the opposite direction to the spin of the nuclei.

ANSWER: Madame Wu’s experiment

3. It has featured Bill the Cat’s 1984, 1988, and 2016 presidential runs on the National Radical Meadow Party ticket. For ten points each:

[10] Name this comic strip by Berkeley Breathed, which originally ran through the 1980s and which was revived in 2015. In addition to Bill, the illegitimate kitten of Garfield, characters in it included the lawyer Steve Dallas and the computer hacker Oliver Wendell Jones.

ANSWER: Bloom County

[10] This “existential penguin” from Bloom County was originally introduced as a one-off joke, but was so popular he became the main character of the strip and its sequel Outlander.

ANSWER: Opus T. Penguin

[10] This is the name of a talking, bigoted groundhog in Bloom County. A character with this last name is a Jewish bachelor whose sexual exploits are detailed in a Philip Roth novel titled for this man's "complaint."

ANSWER: Portnoy (accept Alexander Portnoy)

[10] Name this philosophical position, largely defeated by the Frege-Geach problem, which holds that moral “statements” are not truth-apt but instead express some attitude.

ANSWER: moral emotivism (or non-cognitivism; or expressivism)

[10] Error theory is an example of a school that is anti- this position. Error theory holds that the central tenet of this position is a perpetual mistake. This view was supported by G. E. Moore in Principia Ethica.

ANSWER: moral realism

[10] Another problem in meta-ethics is that of moral motivation. This position holds that one can form a moral judgement without necessarily having a motivation to act on it, and contrasts with internalism.

ANSWER: moral externalism

5. Answer some questions about a song whose name is shared with a women’s clothing store, for ten points each:

[10] A Montréal-Canadian lingerie chain is named for this song that was released as a single in 1947, in which the singer notes that “when he takes me in his arms and speaks softly to me,” she observes life in a certain color.

ANSWER: Boutique la Vie en Rose

[10] This chanteuse was known for her torch ballads, and for songs such as “La vie en rose” and “Non, je ne regrette rien."

ANSWER: Édith Piaf

[10] Slowed-down parts of “Non, je ne regrette rien” were used to create the theme in this 2010 Christopher Nolan film’s soundtrack, in which a group of characters also uses it to synchronize their “kicks."

ANSWER: Inception

6. A falling helmet kills Conrad in this novel, prompting his father to divorce Hippolita in order to remarry and secure another heir. For ten points each:

[10] Name this novel by Horace Walpole in which Manfred pursues Isabella, only to accidentally kill his own daughter.

ANSWER: The Castle of Otranto

[10] The Castle of Otranto is often described as the first novel in this genre. Other novels in this genre include Charles Maturin’s Melmoth the Wanderer and Matthew Lewis’ The Monk.

ANSWER: Gothic

[10] Another master of the Gothic genre was this woman, who pioneered the technique of “the explained supernatural” in novels like The Italian and The Mysteries of Udolpho.

ANSWER: Ann Radcliffe

7. In 2002, this team topped the NFC North with a record of 12-4 before losing to the Atlanta Falcons in the wildcard round. For ten points each:

[10] Name this team, which plays at Lambeau Field. Their quarterback for over 15 years was Brett Favre.

ANSWER: Green Bay Packers (accept either underlined portion)

[10] The Packers’ success in the early 2000s was owed in part to this running back. This running back was selected for the pro bowl every year from 2001 to 2004, and rushed for 15 touchdowns and over 1,800 yards in the 2004 season.

ANSWER: Ahman (Rashad) Green

[10] Another former member of the Packers was this linebacker, who accumulated 37 tackles in December 2002. This former Ohio State Buckeye recorded 111 tackles in the 2002 season, and later joined the Carolina Panthers in 2006, before finishing his NFL career with the San Diego Chargers.

ANSWER: Na’il Diggs

8. Since the Reformation, this is the only person that the Church of England has canonized as a saint. For ten points each:

[10] Name this man who started the Bishops’ Wars by attempting to force a new prayer book on the Church of Scotland. This man was convicted of treason in 1649 before a specially constituted High Court of Justice and was eventually executed.

ANSWER: King Charles I ["the first"] of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland (or Saint Charles the Martyr; prompt on Charles Stuart)

[10] The period of Charles’ reign from 1629 to 1640 was given this name, because Charles tried to run the country without summoning Parliament, which he achieved by the illegal levying of taxes like tonnage and poundage.

ANSWER: the Personal Rule of Charles I (or the Eleven Years’ Tyranny)

[10] During the Eleven Years’ Tyranny, Charles made this man the Archbishop of Canterbury. He was hated by Puritans for his uncompromising High Church views and supposed Arminianism.

ANSWER: William Laud

9. This album by Kendrick Lamar was named Pitchfork’s 2015 album of the year. For ten points each:

[10] Name this successor to good kid, m.A.A.d city, the subject of which focus primarily on black liberation, and that features a poem dedicated to Tupac Shakur. This album's tracks include “i” and “The Blacker the Berry.”

ANSWER: To Pimp a Butterfly

[10] Several tracks on To Pimp a Butterfly feature this tenor sax player, whose 2015 album The Epic also made it onto Pitchfork’s top ten of 2015. He is also known for his collaboration and friendship with electronic musician Flying Lotus.

ANSWER: Kamasi Washington

[10] “Alls my life I’s had to fight” opens this song from To Pimp a Butterfly, which notes that, even though the “po-po / want to kill us dead in the street fo sho / we gon’ be” the title quality.

ANSWER: “Alright”

[10] Name this fictional incomprehensible game show, featuring contestants invariably named Simon and Julie, whose answers are judged by the evil robot Colosson. There’s also a German version and a version with words.

ANSWER: Numberwang (accept That’s Numberwang or Das ist Nümberwang; prompt on "Wangernumb" or "Wordwang")

[10] Numberwang was a recurring sketch on this British comedy show, named for its two principal writers and actors. Other sketches included Cheesoid the suicidal robot and SS officers coming to the realization that they are, in fact, the baddies.

ANSWER: That Mitchell and Webb Look

[10] This other British sketch comedy show featured non-sequitur vox pops between sketches. One of the titular actors now hosts QI, while the other played the title role in House.

ANSWER: A Bit of Fry and Laurie

11. A bedside table is the primary culprit in this novel, in which Mathilde conceals from her father that she is married to Ballmeyer and has a child with him. For ten points each:

[10] Name this novel, whose sequel is The Perfume of the Woman in Black and includes floor plans and diagrams to emphasize the impossibility of the central crime.

ANSWER: The Mystery of the Yellow Room

[10] The Mystery of the Yellow Room was written by this man. One of his novels sees a character forced to choose between two boxes with insect motifs, one of which will trigger a massive explosion and destroy an opera house.

ANSWER: Gaston Leroux

[10] Gaston Leroux wrote this novel featuring the characters Christine and Erik; it was adapted into a musical by Andrew Lloyd Weber whose songs include “The Music of the Night."

ANSWER: The Phantom of the Opera (or Le Fantôme de l'Opéra)

12. In this manga, a certain action operates by the law of equivalent exchange. For ten points each:

[10] Name this manga that follows Edward and Alphonse Elric, whose attempt at forbidden human transmutation results in the loss of Alphonse’s body and some of Edward’s limbs.

ANSWER: Fullmetal Alchemist

[10] This man is arguably the most powerful alchemist in the world and is the father of Edward and Alphonse Elric in Fullmetal Alchemist.

ANSWER: Van Hohenheim

[10] The main antagonists of Fullmetal Alchemist are the homunculi; while the original homunculus is named Father, the remaining ones are named for this Biblical group.

ANSWER: the seven deadly sins (prompt on just "sins")

13. This band was formed in 1965 following a feud between Ray Collins and the group’s erstwhile guitarist. For ten points each:

[10] Identify this musical group, who released several experimental albums such as Freak Out! and We’re Only In It For the Money. This band’s songs include “Who Are the Brain Police?” and “Absolutely Free.”

ANSWER: The Mothers of Invention

[10] The Mothers of Invention were spearheaded by this American self-taught musician. His best-selling solo album, Sheik Yerbouti, features songs such as “Bobby Brown” and “Jewish Princess.” After his death in 1993, he was survived by his four children: Moon Unit, Ahmet, Dweezil, and Diva.

ANSWER: Frank Zappa

[10] Frank Zappa was also survived by this close friend and associate, who released albums such as Trout Mask Replica and Safe as Milk with his Magic Band.

ANSWER: Captain Beefheart (or Don Van Vliet)

14. Its name is now used by the EZLN, a group of anarchist militants centered in the state of Chiapas. For ten points each:

[10] Name this army from Morelos, which fought for agrarian interests and land reform, first as part of the Constitutionalist coalition and then against their former allies.

ANSWER: the Zapatistas (or the Liberation Army of the South or el Ejército Libertador del Sur or the ELS)

[10] The Zapatistas fought in this war, which began with Porfirio Díaz being forced out of office after a thirty-five year presidency.

ANSWER: the Mexican Revolution (or la revolucíon Mexicana or Mexican Civil War)

[10] This other revolutionary leader, the commander of the Divisíón del Norte and provisional Governor of Chihuahua, was nominally allied with the Zapatistas during their fight against the other Constitutionalists, until his defeat at the Battle of Celaya.

ANSWER: Francisco “Pancho” Villa (or José Doroteo Arango Arámbula)
15. The fundamental group of the plane is trivial because all paths in the plane are equivalent up to this construction. For ten points each:

[10] Name these continuous deformations from one continuous function to another, which also name a type theory.

ANSWER: homotopy

[10] The concept of homotopy is central to this branch of mathematics. A common lay analogy about this field is that a practitioner of this field cannot tell the difference between a coffee mug and a doughnut, since they are homeomorphic.

ANSWER: topology

[10] The Poincare ["poyn"-"kuh"-"RAY"] conjecture states that every closed 3-manifold with this property is homeomorphic to the 3-sphere. This property holds if every path between two points in the space is homotopic.

ANSWER: simply connected (prompt on just “connected”)
 

[10] Name this American film director, who also directed Apocalypse Now and Patton.

ANSWER: Francis Ford Coppola

[10] This daughter of Francis Ford Coppola was the first American woman to receive the Golden Lion award. Her films include Lost in Translation.

ANSWER: Sofia Coppola

[10] Lost in Translation begins with Bob Harris, played by Bill Murray, traveling to Japan to film an advertisement for this alcoholic spirit produced by the Suntory distilling company.

ANSWER: whisky

17. This language had Noldorin and Vanyarin dialects, and Thingol forbade its use in Beleriand after he heard of the kinslaying. For ten points each:

[10] Name this language, which by the Third Age had largely been supplanted by Sindarin.

ANSWER: Quenya

[10] Quenya was invented by J.R.R. Tolkien, making it this type of language. These languages include both those created for fictional worlds, like Quenya and Klingon, and those intended for human use, like Esperanto.

ANSWER: constructed languages (or conlangs or artificial languages; accept man-made language)

[10] The HBO television adaptation of a series written by this author introduced the artificial languages of High Valyrian, Astapori Valyrian, and Dothraki.

ANSWER: George R. R. Martin

18. The works of the Stoic philosopher Seneca weren’t always so serious. For ten points each:

[10] Name this satire by Seneca, which attacks a certain Roman emperor and the practice of apotheosis.

ANSWER: Apocolocyntosis (divi) Claudius (or The Pumpkinification of the Divine Claudius or The Gourdification of the Divine Claudius or Ludus de morte Divi Claudii or Play on the Death of the Divine Claudius)

[10] The Pumpkinification of Claudius is the longest surviving satire of this specific genre. Other works of this often prose genre include the Satyricon, and this genre was named for a 3rd-century BC writer from Gadara.

ANSWER: Menippean satire

[10] Another type of satire, contrasted with its Horatian variety, is named for this man. This Roman’s tenth satire decries lack of civic duty by suggesting that all people want is bread and circuses.

ANSWER: Decimus Junius Juvenalis (accept Juvenal)

19. Answer some questions about The West Wing, for ten points each:

[10] This character on The West Wing was the intended target of a shooting that injures most of the main characters at the opening of the show’s second season, and was played by Dulé Hill.

ANSWER: Charlie Young (accept either underlined portion)

[10] Alan Alda and Sir Sidney Poitier were originally considered for the role of President Josiah Bartlet before the role was awarded to this actor.

ANSWER: Martin Sheen

[10] A frequent bone of contention between Charlie and President Bartlet is this character, Bartlet’s daughter, who catches Charlie’s attention after they make chili together. This character was portrayed by Elizabeth Moss.

ANSWER: Zoey Bartlet (prompt on just "Bartlet")

20. Answer the following questions about winners of the Golden Boy award, given to the best player under 21 playing in a top European soccer league, for ten points each:

[10] This Argentine won the Golden Boy in 2005 with Barcelona. He is the only player to have won the Ballon d’Or five times.

ANSWER: Lionel Andrés Messi

[10] This only other Argentine winner of the Golden Boy did so in 2007 during his time with Atlético Madrid. This man scored a 94th minute-winner against Queen’s Parker Rangers in the last game of the season to win Manchester City its first league title in 44 years.

ANSWER: Sergio Leonel “Kun” Agüero

[10] These two players are the only Brazilians to have won the Golden Boy, doing so in 2008 and 2009, respectively. One of them won the award playing for Manchester United, the other won as a member of A.C. Milan. Name either one.