Сборник адаптированных текстов по английскому языку Lesson 1 We learn English
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- THE UNITED NATIONS
- Lesson 16 Australia Australia. The Land of Blue Mountains.
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAThe USA is located in the central part of North America. Its area is 9,363,200 square kilometers. The population of the USA is over 228 million. The history of the United States goes back as far as the beginning of the 17th century when the major European powers - Spain, England, France, Portugal and Holland began to expand their territories. The first English settlement (поселение) was established in 1607 and by the end of the 17th century all British colonies with the exception of Georgia had been organized. The local people of the American continent experienced all the methods of aggression, colonialism, racism and exploitation. The struggle of the local population for their freedom was in progress for many years but it was unequal. At the beginning of the 18th century the British succeeded in consolidating and the group of young colonies grew under the English rule until the Revolutionary war of 1775-1783 made them independent. Since then the young capitalist state began to develop at a high rate. The United States is a Federal Union of 50 states. Its basic law is the Constitution adopted in 1787 which defines the structure and the method of national government and lists its rights and fields of authority. Under the Constitution the Federal Government of the United States is divided into three main branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial. The executive branch, which includes the President, Vice-President, and the President's Cabinet, is responsible for administrating and executing the laws. The President and Vice-President are elected for four years of service and may be re-elected for another term of four years. The legislative branch of the government is the Congress. It is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate consists of 100 members, two from each of the 50 states, elected by people of the states for a term of 6 years. The House of Representatives consists of 435 members, the number is determined by the population of each state. The members of the House of Representatives are elected for two years and they are often called "Congressmen". The function of the Congress is to make laws and to finance the operation of the government. From the very beginning there appeared in the USA a system of two major political parties and this two-party system practically dominates the political life of the country. The two major parties are the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The chief functions of a party are to organize elections and when in the minority to keep a check on the party in office. The Cabinet is rather a tradition going back to the first President. Its purpose is to advise the President on any affair he wishes such advice. The Cabinet is composed of the heads of the thirteen executive departments - the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Treasury (финансов), the Secretary of Defense and all the rest. 3. Read the text and give a brief summary THE UNITED NATIONS The United Nations is an organization of sovereign nations representing almost all of humanity. It has as its central goal the maintenance of international peace and security. Additionally, its purposes call for the development of friendly relations among nations based on equal rights and self-determination of peoples and, through international co-operation, the solution of problems of an economic, social, cultural and humanitarian nature. The United Nations is the meeting-place where representatives of all member states — great and small, rich and poor, with varying political views and social systems — have a voice and an equal vote in shaping a common course of action. The United Nations has played, and continues to play, an active role in reducing tension in the world, preventing conflicts and putting an end to fighting already under way. There are six main organs of the United Nations — the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship The Secretariat services the ether organs of the United Nations and administers the programmes and policies laid down by them. Over 20,000 men and women are employed by the United Nations with about one-third of them at the Headquarters and the other two-thirds stationed acound; the globe. Staff members are recruited primarily from member state* and scientists, legal experts, librarians, journalists, statisticians, broadcasters in all the varied fields of activity covered by the United Nations. They prepare the reports and studies requested by various bodies of the United Wart tens; thetas press releases and produce publications, broadcasts and films giving information about the United Nations; and they perform the administrative duties needed to implement resolutions adopted by the various organs. In addition, there are stenographers, clerks, engineers and technicians, tour guides and also a body of security officers in blue-grey uniforms who are responsible for the security of the United Nations Headquarters. At the head of the Secretariat is the Secretary-General. The main Headquarters of the United Nations are based in New York. The United Nations Organization Secretariat occupies the higher building. The General Assembly is held in the lower building.
New York is one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is over 11 million people. New York is an industrial and cultural centre of the country. Most business is centered in Manhattan Island. The whole area is very small, that's why the skyscrapers were invented in New York and, especially, in Wall Street. Wall Street is a narrow street with big houses, but it is well known all over the world as the busiest street in the USA. People do business there. There are two more world-famous streets — Broadway and Fifth Avenue. Broadway is the centre of the theatres and night life. It is known as 'The Great White Way' because of the electric signs which turn night into day. It is the city that never goes to sleep. Buses and subway run all night. There are many drugstores and restaurants which never close their doors. There are cinemas with films that start at midnight. Fifth Avenue is the great shopping, hotel, and Club Avenue. If you go along this avenue, you come to Harlem, where the black people of New York live, the coloured workers, teachers, doctors and musicians. New York is the largest port in America. More than half the trade of the United States goes through this city. There are many places of interest in New York, They are: the Statue of Liberty, the United Nations Building, Empire State Building, Columbia University, City Hall, New York Public Library and others. Lesson 16 Australia Australia. The Land of Blue Mountains. The Great Barrier Reef on the coast of Queensland is a garden under the sea. There are 1,400 different kinds of fish, and more than 300 kinds of coral. Tropical fruit and flowers grow on the beautiful islands. It’s not surprising that more holiday – makers come to Queensland every year. Directory: ebook -> umkd ebook -> Computer Science Conference Ranking ebook -> Problem a arbitrage ebook -> Problem a addition Chains ebook -> "Race and the Making of the Nation: Blacks in Modern France" ebook -> The Teachings of Don Juan ebook -> I’ve got it let’s invade Iraq! ebook -> Appendix 9c sa army unit histories1 Infantry umkd -> Учебно-методический комплекс дисциплины umkd -> Учебно-методический комплекс дисциплины «Иностранный язык» для специальностей магистратуры Download 467.4 Kb. Share with your friends:
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