Semantics I acknowledgements

4. 11 Tense and Time
The meanings of tense are in fact a special case of definite reference, where the definite features occurs within a modifying predication time. We have discussed that now = at this time, or represented as the + near time. Thus present tense can be represented as : the TIME.
the near. The first co-refers to the main predication, or the verb has the same referent with the. Let’s make a test by using example :
Hertati walks to school everyday.
From this we know that predication walks indicates present tense, and everyday is embedded in the predication.
If the predication in the present tense co-refers with the time, the predication of now does the same. Because they are both (at the time)
represented as : the near time. it is seen below:
He comes now.
The past tense indicates the event to a definite time in the past. It can be represented as (the. TIME. the (the. BEFORE. The NEAR )) i.e. which happen at the time before now. In this respect it is not appropriate with the example below
Mira lived in Paris two years ago.
It is clear that two years ago is the time before now, but it is far behind (not the near time. but since the near time indicates now it is acceptable. Thus it is appropriate with the past which is not shown by time maker, e.g. Jane rode a horse.
The manager attended the meeting.

SEMANTICS
Page The meaning of the past tense in Jane rode a horse is different with the indefinite meaning in perfect ; Jane has ridden a horse, where the perfect is represented as : (the. TIME. 0 (the. BEFORE. The NEAR )) i.e. which happen at a time before now. 0 indicates shows indefinite meaning. Also the future meaning Jane will ride a horse can be represented as : (the.
TIME. 0 (BEFORE. The near Before indicates after. (at a time after now).

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