Session No. 8 Course Title: Theory, Principles and Fundamentals of Hazards, Disasters, and U. S. Emergency Management Session Title: Disaster As a growth Business Time: 3 Hours Objectives

1 Chris Tucker, David Etkin, and Jacques Henault. 1998. Climate Change: Implications for Emergency Preparedness. Emergency Preparedness Digest (Canada (January-March)): 14 and 15.

2 A very small percentage of worldwide disaster-related deaths take place in the U.S., however. While economic damage runs very high, deaths generally do not. It has been estimated that “[in] the USA a mere 0.01 per cent of the population has died from severe natural disasters” (Smith 1996, 7; citing A.F. Fritzche).

3 Natural Hazards Observer, September 1999. p. 14.

4 Keith Smith. Environmental Hazards: Assessing Risk and Reducing Disaster (2nd Ed). London and NY. Routledge, 1997. p.39.

5 World Disasters Report 1999. (For details on the report, see the IFRC website: http://www.ifrc.org.)

6 Emergency Preparedness News. January 16, 2001. “Cost of Global Disasters: $38B.” Business Publishers, Inc. p. 20.

7 Janet Abramovitz. October 2001. Unnatural Disasters (Worldwatch Paper 158). Washington, DC. Worldwatch Institute. p. 6.

8 Ibid.

9 Claire B. Rubin, Anthony M. Yezer, Qaizar Hussain, and Anne Webb. 1986. Summary of Major Natural Disaster Incidents in the U.S., 1965-1985. Special Publication #17. Boulder, CO. Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center. Quoted in Roenigk 1993, p. 207.

10 Jerry T. Mitchell and Deborah S.K. Thomas. “Trends in Disaster Losses,” Chapter 5 in American Hazardscapes: The Regionalization of Hazards and Disasters.” Susan L. Cutter, Ed. 2002, Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press. p. 112.

11 William D. Wagoner. 2000 Hazard Mitigation/Comprehensive Plan Interface—Integration of Emergency Management Into the Comprehensive Planning Process (FEMA IMI Student Manual G626). Emmitsburg MD: FEMA, Emergency Management Institute, p. SMI-10; citing FEMA.

12 ISO (Insurance Services Office, Inc.). 1998. Evaluating Building Code Effectiveness—Answers to Your Questions. New York, NY: Insurance Services Office, Inc.

13 FEMA. 2000b (Sep.). Planning for a Sustainable Future (FEMA 364). Washington, DC. FEMA, p. 7.

14 Ryland. 1999. 260, citing the Insurance Information Institute. 1999.

15 Rodney White and David Etkin. 1977. Climate Change, Extreme Events and the Canadian Insurance Industry. Natural Hazards 16, No. 2-3 (November). p. 155.

16 R.A. Pielke, Jr., and C.W. Landsea. 1998. Normalized Hurricane Damages in the United States: 1925-1995. Weather and Forecasting 13. pp. 621-631. Website: http://www.dir.ucar.edu/esig/HP_roger/hurr-norm.html.

17 United Nations. 1997. Stop Disasters. No. 28. p. 4.

18 Ibid.

19 J.K. Mitchell. 1993. Natural Hazard Predictions and Responses in Very Large Cities. In Prediction and Perception of Natural Hazards. Proceedings Symposium, 22-26 October 1990, Perugia, Italy. Edited by Jaromir Nemed, J.M. Nigg, and F. Soccardi. Dordrecht, the Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 29.

20 Dr. Rutherford H. Platt, Project Director. (Department of Geosciences and Center for Public Policy and Administration, University of Massachusetts at Amherst). Summary of New Research Project. Urban Stream Corridor Management in the United States: The Interaction of Ecology and Policy. The Ecological Cities Project. See website: www.umass.edu/ecologicalcities.

21 Ian Burton, Robert Kates, and Gilbert White. 1993. The Environment as Hazard. 2nd Ed. New York. Guilford Press. p. 24.

22 Smith, 1996, p. 45.

23 Howard Kunreuther. 1998. “Introduction.” Chapter One (pp. 1-15) in Paying the Price: The Status and Role of Insurance Against Natural Disasters in the United States. Howard Kunreuther and Richard J. Roth, Sr., (eds). Washington, DC, Joseph Henry Press. p. 2.

24 Beth Della Valle (Coordinator of Maine State Planning Office’s Land Use Team). 2001. “Are We Paving Over Paradise? Maine’s Efforts at Directing Development.” Coastal Services (NOAA), Vol. 4, Issue 2, March/April. p. 4.

25 Timothy Beatley and Kristy Manning. 1997. The Ecology of Place. Washington, DC. Island Press.

26 Bill McGuire, Ian Mason, and Christopher Kilburn. 2002. Natural Hazards and Environmental Change. New York: Oxford University Press. Preface.

27 McGuire, Mason, Kilburn. 2002. p. 2.

28 McGuire, Mason, Kilburn. 2001.p. 3.

29 Ibid.

30 Ibid.

31 McGuire, Mason, Kilburn. 2002. p. 4.

32 McGuire, Mason, Kilburn. Preface.

33 For a brief discussion of this dialog, see White and Etkin 1997.

34 Pamela Friedman. “Rethinking Climate Risks.” Risk Management. April 2002. p. 8.

35 A. Haines, et al. 1993. Global Health Watch: Monitoring Impacts of Environmental Change. Lancet 342: 1454-1469. Cited by Rodney White and David Etkin in Climate Change, Extreme Events and the Canadian Insurance Industry, Natural Hazards (16, No. 2-3, November 1997). p. 175.

36 Insurance Institute for Property Loss Reduction. 1995. Coastal Exposure and Community Protection: Hurricane Andrew’s Legacy. Boston, MA. IIPLR and Wheaton, IL. Insurance Research Council, April. p. 13.

37 National Research Council, Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources, Board on Natural Disasters, Committee on Assessing the Costs of Natural Disasters. 1999. The Impacts of Natural Disasters: A Framework for Loss Estimation. Washington, DC. National Academy Press. p. 4.

38 Ibid.

39 NEFSMA News, Vol. VIII, Issue 3. “Impacts of Future Sea Level Rise on Coastal Flooding.” New England Floodplain and Stormwater Managers Association, Inc. December, 2000. p. 1. (For the full report, see NEFSMA’s website: www.nefsma.org. See Flood Happens!)

40 Natural Hazards Observer. Vol. XXVI, No. 4. “Sea Level Rise and Coastal Disasters: Lessons from the East Coast and New Orleans.” March, 2002. p. 10.

41 Ibid.

42 National Hazards Observer. March, 2002. p. 11.

43 Frank Kummer. Courier Post. “NJ Rakes In Lion’s Share Of Beach Money.” July 28, 2002.

44 Paige St. John and Larry Wheeler, Gannett News Service. “Erosion Threat Fails To Stop Development.” USA Today. July 29, 2002. p. 8A.

45 G. Berz. 1990. “Natural Disasters and Insurance/Reinsurance.” UNDRO News (Jan./Feb.) pp. 18-19.

46 General Accounting Office. 1998. Disaster Assistance: Information on Federal Costs and Approaches for Reducing Them (GAO/T-RCED-98-139). Washington, DC. GAO. p. 1.

47 Associated Press. “People Largely To Blame For Wildfires.” Payson, AZ.. June 17, 2002.

48 Rene Sanchez and William Booth. The Washington Post. June 27, 2002. “Did Politics Put A Match To West’s Wild Lands? Officials, Groups Trade Charges Over Fire Policy.” p. A-3.

49 Spokesman Review.com (Knight-Ridder). “Forests need Return To Historic State. August 4, 2002.

50 Options for Reducing Public Assistance Program Costs (Inspection Report I-02-95, July 1995.)

51 Ted Steinberg. 2000. Acts of God: The Unnatural History of Natural Disaster in America. Oxford University Press. p. 108.

52 Nick Gevlock. Bozeman Daily Chronicle. “NFIP: Federal Maps Could Be Leading Flood Plain Development Astray.” February 27, 2002.

53 Ibid.

54 See also Burton, Kates, and White. 1993. p. 25.

55 Raymond J. Burby and Linda C. Dalton. 1993. State Planning Mandates and Coastal Management. In Coastal Zone ’93, edited by W.S.W. Oriville, T. Mangoon, Hugh Converse and L. Thomas Tobin. New York. American Society of Engineers. p. 229.

56 National Research Council, Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources, U.S. National Committee for the Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. 1991. A Safer Future: Reducing the Impacts of Natural Disasters. Washington, DC. National Academy Press.

57 Thomas A. Birkland. 1997. After Disaster: Agenda Setting, Public Policy, and Focusing Events. Washington, DC. Georgetown University Press. p. 47.

58 Eugene Lecomte, President Emeritus, Insurance Institute for Property Loss Reduction (IIPLR). 1997. Remarks at Annual meeting of the National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster, March 19, 1997, Washington, DC: Statistics from IIPLC report Coastal Exposure and Community Protection, 1995.

59 Arnold R. Parr. “Disasters and human rights of persons with disabilities: a case for an ethical disaster mitigation policy. The Australian Journal of Emergency Management. Vol. 12, No. 4. Summer 1997-98, p. 2.

60 Kathleen J. Tierney, William J. Petak, Harlan Hahn, University of Southern California. 1988. Disabled Persons and Earthquake Hazards. Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado. Program on Environment and Behavior, Monograph #46. pp. 2-3.

61 Ibid.

62 Parr, p. 2.

63 Robert Bolin with Lois Stanford. 1998. The Northridge Earthquake: Vulnerability and Disaster. London and New York: Routledge. p. 2.

64 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and The Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS). The Most Wanted: A Search for Solutions to Reduce Recurring Losses from Natural hazards. Fall, 2001. p. 5.

65 G.F. White, R.W. Kates and I. Burton. “Knowing better and losing even more: The use of knowledge in hazards management.” Environmental Hazards. Vol. 3, Nos. 3-4. September/December 2001. p. 89.

66 Abramovitz. 2001, p. 36.

67 Ian Christoplos, Anna Liljelund and John Mitchell. “Re-framing Risk: The Changing Context of Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness.” Disasters, 2001. Oxford UK and Malden, MA. Blackwell Publishers. p. 187.

68 David Weir. “When will they ever learn? The conditions for failure in publicly funded high technology projects: the R101 and Challenger disasters compared.” Disaster Prevention and Management. Volume 11, No. 4. 2002. pp. 299-307. For full text, see http://www.emeraldinsight.com/0965-3562.htm.

Directory: hiedu -> docs -> hazdem
docs -> Principal hazards in the united states
hazdem -> 1 B. Wayne Blanchard, PhD, cem september 18, 2008 Part 1: Ranked approximately by Economic Loss
hazdem -> 9. 1 To better understand the driving events, public pressures, and political and policy outcomes that have shaped emergency management in the United States
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hazdem -> Session No. 3 Course Title: Theory, Principles and Fundamentals of Hazards, Disasters, and U. S. Emergency Management Session Title: Hazard Categories or Taxonomies Time: 1 Hour Objectives
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