Source documents contd. Credit Note

Particulars	Folio	Invoice No.	DR N
CR N
May 1st	Cash A/c Bank A/c Capital A/c …being start-up capital of N650, 000 in cash and bank paid by the owner of the business.			500,000 150,000	650,000
May 1st.	Purchases A/c Bank A/c …being purchases of 10 cartons of beauty product worth N15, 000 made by bank transfer.			150,000	150,000
May 2nd.	Bank A/c Sales A/c …being the spice brand makeup worth N250, 000 sold by cheque.			250,000	250,000
May 4th.	Utility bill A/c Cash A/c …being utility bill of N15, 000 paid by cash.			15,000	15,000
May 9th.	Creditor A/c Cash A/c …being cash of N100, 000 paid to Creditor Hassan.			100,000	100,000
May 10th.	Cash A/c Bank A/c Sales A/c …being the makeup of N20, 000 bought by Mrs. Tayo and received as cash and bank transfer.			5,000 15,000	20,000
May 14th.	Purchases A/c Bank A/c … being office furniture purchased at the sum of N200,00 and paid by bank transfer.			200,000	200,000
May 20th.	Purchases A/c Cash A/c Bank A/c …being the sum of N105, 000 paid for the purchase of an Air Conditioner.			105, 000	55, 000 50, 000
May 21st.	Cash A/c Debtors A/c Sales A/c …being the products worth N300, 000 sold and cash received of N125, 000 and the rest on credit.			125,000 175,000	300,000
May 23rd.	Purchases A/c Creditors A/c …being a display stand of N56, 000 bought on credit.			56,000	56,000
May 24th.	Bank A/c Sales A/c. …being the N45,000 of the lemon brand sold to Mrs Tina.			45,000	45,000
May 28th.	Capital A/c Bank A/c …being the sum of N120,000 withdrawn from bank by owner for personal use.			120,000	120,000

Ledger Entry.

This will consist of the following:

1. 
   Cash Account
   
2. 
   Bank Account
   
3. 
   Sales Account
   
4. 
   Purchases Account
   
5. 
   Utility Account
   
6. 
   Debtors Account
   
7. 
   Creditors Account
   
8. 
   Capital Account
   

Dr Cash Account Cr

Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No.	Amount N	Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No	Amount N
01/05/21	Capital			500,000	04/05/21	Utility bill			15,000
10/05/21	Sales			5,000	09/05/21	Creditors			100,000
21/05/21	Sales			125,000	20/05/21	Assets			55,000
					31/05/21	Balance	c/d		460,000
				630,000					630,000
01/06/21	Balance	b/d		460,000

Dr Bank Account Cr

Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No.	Amount N	Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No	Amount N
01/05/21	Capital			150,000	01/05/21	Purchases			150,000
10/05/21	Sales			250,000	09/05/21	Creditors			100,000
21/05/21	Sales			15,000	14/05/21	Assets			200,000
23/05/21	Sales			45,000	20/05/21	Assets			50,000
31/05/21	Balance	c/d		160,000	28/05/21	Capital			120,000
				620,000					620,000
01/06/21	Balance	b/d		40,000

Dr Sales Account Cr

Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No.	Amount N	Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No	Amount N
31/05/21	Balance	c/d		615,000	2/05/21	Bank			250,000
					10/05/21	Cash			5,000
					10/5/21	Bank			15,000
					21/05/21	Cash			125,000
					21/05/21	Debtors			175,000
					23/05/21	Bank			45,0000
				615,000					615,000
					01/06/21	Balance	b/d		615,000

Dr Purchases Account Cr

Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No.	Amount N	Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No	Amount N
01/05/21	Bank			150,000	31/05/21	Balance	c/d		511,000
14/05/21	Bank			200,000
20/05/21	Cash			55,000
20/05/21	Bank			50,000
23/05/21	Creditors			56,000
				511,000					511,000
01/06/21	Balance	b/d		511,000

Dr Utility Account Cr

Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No.	Amount N	Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No	Amount N
4/05/21	Cash			15,000	31/05/21	Balance	c/d		15,000
				15,000					``15,000
01/06/21	Balance	b/d		15,000

Dr Debtors A/c Cr

Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No.	Amount N	Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No	Amount N
21/05/21	Sales			175,000	31/05/21	Balance	c/d		175,000
				175,000					175,000
01/06/21	Balance	b/d		175,000

Dr Creditors Account Cr

Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No.	Amount N	Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No	Amount N
9/05/21	Cash			100,000	23/05/21	Purchases			56,000
					31/05/21	Balance	c/d		44,000
				100,000					100,000
01/06/21	Balance	b/d		100,000

Dr Capital Account Cr

Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No.	Amount N	Date	Particulars	Folio	Invoice No	Amount N
28/05/21	Bank			120,000	1/05/21	Cash			500,000
31/05/21	Balance	c/d		530,000	1/05/21	Bank			150,000
				650,000					650,000
					01/06/21	Balance	b/d		530,000

Home-fun:

Mr. Bassey from Bassey Electronics Ltd started his business with N1,000,000 in bank and N433,300 in cash.

Below are the transactions carried out in the month of June, 2021.

June 1st- Sold 5 cartons of solar light panels for N125,000 each by cash.

June 2nd- Paid office rent for the month of June, N20,000 per month.

June 3^rd- Purchased office supplies N322,800, paid N125,310 in cash and the rest on credit.

June 5^th-Purchased office equipment N45,000 and paid by cheque.

June 8^th- Paid salary to the shop attendant for the month of May N25,000 per month.

June 10^th- Sold N60,000 worth of goods from the shop by Mr Kemi who promised to pay the sum later.

June 15^th- Owner withdrew N50,000 by cheque for personal use

June 17^th- Paid Electricity bill of N5,000 by cash.

June 24^th- Received money from Creditor Akpan by cash.

Instruction: You are required to post the transactions below in a Journal and prepare ledger accounts for the transactions.

INTRODUCTION TO KEYBOARDING

What is Keyboarding?

Keyboarding is the utilization of a keyboard for computer functions and typing. It involves typing information into a computer using a keyboard. It is a communication tool which involves the use of a computer to produce typewritten information. It is used to input data into a typewriter or computer.

Importance of keyboarding

1. 
   It is a means of earning a living.
   
2. 
   It is used for inputting data into the system.
   
3. 
   It enables neat and tidy work to be done.
   
4. 
   Documents can easily be filed.
   
5. 
   It can be used for playing games
   
6. 
   It enables copies of the document to be made simultaneously
   
7. 
   It can be used to browse and send email.
   
8. 
   Documents are easily produced by means of the keyboarding.
   

Proper keyboarding Posture

1. 
   Sit up straight
   
2. 
   Keep feet flat on the floor.
   
3. 
   Body is centered in front of the computer
   
4. 
   Keep elbows naturally by the side.
   
5. 
   Fingers should be curved.
   
6. 
   Keep wrists low, but not touching the keyboard.
   
7. 
   Make quick, snappy strokes.
   
8. 
   Use right finger for enter key.
   
9. 
   Other fingers remain on the home row and
   
10. 
    Use the appropriate little finger for the shift keys.
    

Parts of a Computer Keyboard

What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic device or machine that receives, stores, organizes, and processes data that is put into it.

Parts of a computer

These include:

1. 
   Keyboard:
   
2. 
   Monitor
   
3. 
   Central Processing unit(CPU)
   
4. 
   Mouse.
   

Keyboard

A computer keyboard serves as a primary tool for accessing and inputting data. It consists of a set of keys that you press in order to put or retrieve information or data from the computer.

The computer keyboard is one of the most important parts of a computer which is used to enter commands, text, numerical data and other types of data by pressing the keys on the keyboard.

Parts of the computer keyboard and their functions:

1. 
   Alphanumeric keys: These keys comprise of alphabet(A-Z), numbers(0-9) and other special character( such as @, +,#, %, &, and so on. This is the area you use mostly when you do ‘word processing’.
   
2. 
   Number pad/Numeric keys: On a desktop keyboard, at the far right side of the keyboard features a numberic keypad that resembles a calculator. There is another set of numeric keys above the QWERTY pad.
   
3. 
   Directional Arrow keys: At the right bottom of a keyboard features four directional arrow keys. These keys provide navigation through documents and help you scroll in web browsers. They are also called cursor keys because they enable the user move the cursor around the screen surface during operation.
   
4. 
   Function keys/ F-Bar:These keys are located at thetop of the keyboard just above the alphanumeric keys. They are 12 functions key starting from F1 through F12.They serve special purposes and most programmers use these keys to perform specific tasks.
   

Similarities between the Typewriter and the Computer Keyboard

1. 
   They are both used for typing documents
   
2. 
   Both of them produce visible information.
   
3. 
   They both have a keyboard that serves as an input device.
   

Differences between a Typewriter and a Computer Keyboard

1. 
   A computer is automatic while a typewriter is not.
   
2. 
   Typing on the computer keyboard is softer and easier.
   
3. 
   A computer Is an Electronic device while a typewriter is mechanical. It does not require the use of electricity to function.
   
4. 
   The computer offers greater accuracy than the typewriter.
   
5. 
   A computer has memory for storing in information while the typewriter does not.
   

Computer care

In order for your computer to perform at the optima level, proper precaution must be taken as stated below:

• 
  Keep the computer in a well-ventilated place.
  
• 
  Keep cake particles, water, ice-cream and other items away from it. In other words, do not eat or drink while using a computer.
  
• 
  Ensure that it is used in a clean and dust-free environment.
  
• 
  Always dust the monitor with a clean cloth.
  
• 
  Cover the computer when not in use.
  
• 
  Ensure the system is shut down before leaving the office.
  
• 
  Use vintage stabilizer.
  
• 
  Antivirus software should be installed.
  
• 
  Use UPS uninterruptible power supply if eventually there is no supply.
  

However, the general care of a computer system can be divided into two aspects: Hard ware care and Software care(security software installation).

Hardware Care

Computer like any other object is your home, will collect dust, hair, and other debris which can get stuck in it. The following are some of the items used for the care of the computer.

• 
  Soft clean cloth.
  
• 
  Microfiber lint-free cloth.
  
• 
  Use a keyboard vacuum cleaner.
  
• 
  Portable vacuum cleaner.
  
• 
  Sash brush
  
• 
  Flash light.
  
• 
  Cotton swabs
  
• 
  Datavac electric duster.
  

Security Software

1. 
   Install an antivirus program to protect the computer from viruses and other threats.
   
2. 
   Install a free spyware program such as Window defender or spybot search and destroy.
   
3. 
   Run your security software at least once a week to detect threats early.