Space Geodesy Constrains Ice-Age Terminal Deglaciation: The Global ice-6g c (VM5a) Model By
|
–0.5 |
+ |
3.0 |
–1.6 |
C stjh 10 | |||||||
|
Tusket (Nova Scotia) |
43.87 |
–65.96 |
0.4 |
+ |
1.4 |
85 |
–0.5 |
+ |
2.5 |
–1.7 |
C tskt 15 |
|
Moncton (New Brunswick) |
46.13 |
–64.96 |
1.0 |
+ |
1.2 |
157 |
0.2 |
+ |
2.0 |
–2.0 |
C mntn 15 |
|
Escuminac (New Brunswick) |
47.07 |
–64.80 |
0.1 |
+ |
1.2 |
–68 |
–1.1 |
+ |
2.6 |
–2.8 |
G escu 7 |
|
Bermuda {Island} |
32.37 |
–64.70 |
0.7 |
+ |
0.8 |
35 |
–1.8 |
+ |
1.9 |
–1.3 |
G brmu 10 |
|
Bloomfield (New Brunswick) |
46.75 |
–64.19 |
0.9 |
+ |
1.3 |
–93 |
–0.7 |
+ |
2.4 |
–2.7 |
C blfd 15 |
|
McGrath’s Cove (Nova Scotia) |
44.53 |
–63.86 |
0.3 |
+ |
1.0 |
–160 |
–0.9 |
+ |
1.8 |
–1.7 |
C mcgt 15 |
|
Halifax (Nova Scotia) |
44.68 |
–63.61 |
0.1 |
+ |
0.6 |
–70 |
–1.5 |
+ |
1.3 |
–1.7 |
G hlfx 9 C hlfx 15 |
|
White Hill (Nova Scotia) |
45.49 |
–62.73 |
0.5 |
+ |
0.9 |
–60 |
–1.3 |
+ |
1.8 |
–1.9 |
C wthl 15 |
|
Carl–Val–Archie (Prince Edward island) |
46.38 |
–62.14 |
1.5 |
+ |
1.7 |
–21 |
–1.6 |
+ |
2.4 |
–2.7 |
C cvar 15 |
|
Iles de la Madeleine (Quebec) |
47.41 |
–61.82 |
0.2 |
+ |
1.4 |
–94 |
–1.0 |
+ |
2.4 |
–3.7 |
C ismd 15 |
|
Baddeck (Nova Scotia) |
46.11 |
–60.78 |
0.4 |
+ |
1.1 |
–50 |
–1.8 |
+ |
1.9 |
–2.7 |
C bdck 16 |
|
Corner Brook (Newfoundland) |
48.94 |
–57.95 |
1.6 |
+ |
1.4 |
–31 |
0.1 |
+ |
2.4 |
–0.9 |
C cbrk 13 |
|
Grand Falls ((New Brunswick) |
48.93 |
–55.67 |
1.5 |
+ |
1.4 |
–44 |
–0.3 |
+ |
2.5 |
0.4 |
C gfal 13 |
|
Saint Lawrence (Newfoundland) |
46.91 |
–55.37 |
1.1 |
+ |
1.3 |
–49 |
–1.1 |
+ |
2.4 |
–0.4 |
C stlw 13 |
|
Whitbourne (Newfoundland) |
47.41 |
–53.54 |
0.6 |
+ |
3.1 |
–67 |
–0.7 |
+ |
5.9 |
0.0 |
C whtb 5 |
|
Saint John's (Newfoundland) |
47.60 |
–52.68 |
0.9 |
+ |
0.5 |
–33 |
–0.7 |
+ |
1.1 |
–0.5 |
G stjo 16 D stjb 6 C stjg 10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sites on the North American plate beneath the former Laurentia ice sheet 136 | |||||||||||
|
Inuvik (Northwest Territories) |
68.31 |
–133.53 |
2.2 |
+ |
1.0 |
139 |
–1.2 |
+ |
2.1 |
–1.4 |
G invk 9 |
|
Tuktoyaktuk (Northwest Territories) |
69.44 |
–132.99 |
4.2 |
+ |
1.0 |
136 |
–1.6 |
+ |
2.2 |
–2.1 |
G tukt 9 |
|
Fort Nelson (British Columbia) |
58.84 |
–122.58 |
1.6 |
+ |
1.8 |
162 |
2.8 |
+ |
3.0 |
3.2 |
C fnel 12 |
|
Fort Saint John (British Columbia) |
56.25 |
–120.73 |
0.9 |
+ |
1.6 |
174 |
3.4 |
+ |
2.7 |
2.3 |
C ftsj 12 |
|
Grand Prairie (British Columbia) |
55.19 |
–118.54 |
0.8 |
+ |
1.4 |
157 |
4.3 |
+ |
2.2 |
1.4 |
C gdpr 15 |
|
Holman (Victoria Island) |
70.74 |
–117.76 |
1.7 |
+ |
0.8 |
167 |
2.8 |
+ |
1.8 |
1.5 |
G holm 11 |
|
Grimshaw (Alberta) |
56.36 |
–117.67 |
1.7 |
+ |
1.1 |
152 |
4.3 |
+ |
1.9 |
3.8 |
C grms 15 |
|
Fox Creek (Alberta) |
54.38 |
–116.78 |
1.7 |
+ |
1.4 |
148 |
2.8 |
+ |
2.2 |
0.6 |
C fxcr 15 |
|
Fort Vermillion (Alberta) |
58.52 |
–116.15 |
2.0 |
+ |
1.0 |
146 |
5.6 |
+ |
1.9 |
5.6 |
C ftvm 15 |
|
Kugluktuk (Nunavut) |
67.82 |
–115.13 |
1.9 |
+ |
1.7 |
147 |
5.3 |
+ |
3.6 |
2.5 |
C kugl 11 |
|
Slave Lake (Alberta) |
55.54 |
–114.83 |
1.7 |
+ |
1.3 |
136 |
2.9 |
+ |
2.2 |
3.5 |
C slvl 15 |
|
Gainford (Alberta) |
53.60 |
–114.72 |
1.6 |
+ |
1.3 |
132 |
1.5 |
+ |
2.2 |
0.2 |
C gnfd 15 |
|
Yellowknife (Northwest Territories) |
62.48 |
–114.48 |
1.7 |
+ |
0.5 |
170 |
6.1 |
+ |
1.1 |
5.0 |
V ylow7296 12 G yell 15 yel5 15 D yela 13 |
|
Calgary (Alberta) |
51.10 |
–114.37 |
1.9 |
+ |
1.1 |
130 |
0.5 |
+ |
1.9 |
–0.8 |
C cal4 15 |
|
Calgary (Alberta) |
50.87 |
–114.29 |
1.8 |
+ |
1.0 |
134 |
–0.1 |
+ |
2.2 |
–0.8 |
G prds 8 |
|
Calgary (Alberta) |
50.83 |
–113.92 |
1.8 |
+ |
1.4 |
140 |
–1.0 |
+ |
2.1 |
–0.8 |
C cp32 15 |
|
Kathryn (Alberta) |
51.21 |
–113.82 |
2.0 |
+ |
1.2 |
129 |
–0.4 |
+ |
2.1 |
–0.8 |
C katn 15 |
|
Bashaw (Alberta) |
52.69 |
–113.25 |
2.1 |
+ |
1.5 |
148 |
0.1 |
+ |
2.2 |
–0.1 |
C bshw 15 |
|
Edmonton (Alberta) |
53.57 |
–113.17 |
1.9 |
+ |
1.4 |
148 |
1.1 |
+ |
2.2 |
1.0 |
C edmn 15 |
|
Egremont (Alberta) |
54.04 |
–113.16 |
1.7 |
+ |
1.5 |
144 |
1.5 |
+ |
2.2 |
1.7 |
C egmt 15 |
|
Lethbridge (Alberta) |
49.59 |
–112.60 |
1.9 |
+ |
1.4 |
138 |
–2.8 |
+ |
2.1 |
–1.2 |
C leth 15 |
|
Mundare (Alberta) |
53.57 |
–112.41 |
2.1 |
+ |
1.5 |
151 |
0.7 |
+ |
2.2 |
1.4 |
C mndr 15 |
|
Brooks (Alberta) |
50.66 |
–112.12 |
1.9 |
+ |
1.4 |
148 |
–2.5 |
+ |
2.1 |
–0.7 |
C brks 15 |
|
Mariana Lake (Alberta) |
55.95 |
–112.03 |
1.8 |
+ |
1.1 |
148 |
2.9 |
+ |
1.9 |
4.4 |
C mrlk 15 |
|
Veteran (Alberta) |
52.04 |
–111.12 |
1.8 |
+ |
1.5 |
150 |
–1.1 |
+ |
2.2 |
0.5 |
C vetn 15 |
|
Bonnyville (Alberta) |
54.56 |
–110.98 |
1.8 |
+ |
1.4 |
143 |
1.3 |
+ |
2.2 |
2.9 |
C bnyv 15 |
|
Lloydminster (Alberta) |
53.25 |
–109.87 |
2.0 |
+ |
1.5 |
155 |
0.1 |
+ |
2.2 |
1.5 |
C ldmn 15 |
|
Maple Creek (Saskatchewan) |
49.99 |
–109.47 |
1.5 |
+ |
1.4 |
145 |
–3.9 |
+ |
2.1 |
–1.0 |
C mpck 15 |
|
Kindersley (Saskatchewan) |
51.50 |
–109.16 |
2.0 |
+ |
1.4 |
153 |
–2.0 |
+ |
2.1 |
0.4 |
C kndl 15 |
|
La Loche (Saskatchewan) |
56.90 |
–108.98 |
2.3 |
+ |
1.4 |
166 |
5.2 |
+ |
2.1 |
6.1 |
C locn 15 |
|
Meadow Lake (Saskatchewan) |
54.09 |
–108.48 |
2.2 |
+ |
1.4 |
159 |
0.8 |
+ |
2.1 |
2.1 |
C mdlk 15 |
|
North Battleford (Saskatchewan) |
52.74 |
–108.23 |
2.2 |
+ |
1.4 |
162 |
–0.8 |
+ |
2.1 |
0.8 |
C nbtf 15 |
|
Swift Current (Saskatchewan) |
50.25 |
–107.77 |
2.0 |
+ |
1.3 |
155 |
–3.5 |
+ |
2.0 |
–0.9 |
C swcr 15 |
|
Loreburn (Saskatchewan) |
51.23 |
–106.61 |
1.8 |
+ |
1.4 |
159 |
–2.9 |
+ |
2.1 |
–0.1 |
C lorb 15 |
|
Saskatoon (Saskatchewan) |
52.20 |
–106.40 |
1.6 |
+ |
0.8 |
162 |
–3.3 |
+ |
1.4 |
0.2 |
G sask 9 C sak4 15 |
|
Assiniboia (Northwest Territories) |
49.63 |
–106.03 |
2.3 |
+ |
1.8 |
151 |
–4.1 |
+ |
3.1 |
–1.6 |
C asbl 9 |
|
Prince Albert (Saskatchewan) |
53.21 |
–105.93 |
1.7 |
+ |
1.1 |
169 |
–1.4 |
+ |
1.9 |
0.7 |
C pral 16 |
|
La Ronge (Saskatchewan) |
55.16 |
–105.30 |
1.7 |
+ |
1.2 |
172 |
2.5 |
+ |
2.0 |
3.3 |
C lrng 15 |
|
Dafoe (Saskatchewan) |
51.75 |
–104.51 |
1.9 |
+ |
1.4 |
164 |
–2.4 |
+ |
2.1 |
0.3 |
C dfoe 16 |
|
Regina (Saskatchewan) |
49.80 |
–104.26 |
0.9 |
+ |
3.0 |
150 |
–1.8 |
+ |
4.1 |
–1.1 |
C rg12 9 |
|
Regina (Saskatchewan) |
50.31 |
–104.21 |
1.5 |
+ |
1.3 |
147 |
–4.0 |
+ |
2.0 |
–0.6 |
C reg8 16 |
|
Wollaston Lake (Saskatchewan) |
58.06 |
–103.80 |
1.7 |
+ |
1.2 |
166 |
7.8 |
+ |
2.0 |
8.5 |
C wolk 15 |
|
Regina (Saskatchewan) |
50.34 |
–103.61 |
1.7 |
+ |
2.8 |
163 |
–2.0 |
+ |
3.9 |
–0.4 |
C rg14 9 |
|
Stoughton (Saskatchewan) |
49.68 |
–102.98 |
0.9 |
+ |
1.2 |
171 |
–3.0 |
+ |
1.9 |
–0.7 |
C sgtn 16 |
|
Yorkton (Saskatchewan) |
51.22 |
–102.40 |
1.7 |
+ |
1.2 |
165 |
–0.9 |
+ |
2.0 |
0.6 |
C yrkt 15 |
|
Hudson Bay (Saskatchewan) |
52.84 |
–102.38 |
1.6 |
+ |
1.2 |
165 |
0.9 |
+ |
1.9 |
1.3 |
C hdby 15 |
|
Flin Flon (Saskatchewan) |
54.73 |
–101.98 |
2.0 |
+ |
0.8 |
–179 |
2.3 |
+ |
1.7 |
3.4 |
G flin 11 |
|
Swan River (Manitoba) |
52.07 |
–101.28 |
1.6 |
+ |
1.2 |
172 |
0.2 |
+ |
1.9 |
1.1 |
C swnr 15 |
|
Lynn Lake (Manitoba) |
56.86 |
–101.07 |
1.3 |
+ |
1.2 |
166 |
7.0 |
+ |
2.1 |
7.4 |
C lnlk 15 |
|
Dauphin (Manitoba) |
51.08 |
–100.00 |
1.5 |
+ |
1.3 |
174 |
–0.3 |
+ |
2.0 |
1.0 |
C daup 15 |
|
Brandon (Manitoba) |
49.89 |
–99.91 |
1.2 |
+ |
1.3 |
176 |
–1.2 |
+ |
2.0 |
0.9 |
C brdn 15 |
|
Grand Rapids (Manitoba) |
53.27 |
–99.33 |
1.6 |
+ |
1.3 |
179 |
2.9 |
+ |
2.1 |
2.1 |
C grap 15 |
|
Ponton (Manitoba) |
54.70 |
–99.01 |
1.9 |
+ |
1.3 |
–176 |
5.1 |
+ |
2.1 |
4.2 |
C pntn 15 |
|
Fairford (Manitoba) |
51.62 |
–98.74 |
1.4 |
+ |
1.2 |
179 |
0.6 |
+ |
2.0 |
1.3 |
C fard 15 |
|
Thompson (Manitoba) |
55.44 |
–98.22 |
1.8 |
+ |
1.2 |
–172 |
6.0 |
+ |
2.1 |
5.7 |
C tmpg 15 |
|
Thompson (Manitoba) |
55.85 |
–98.02 |
1.6 |
+ |
1.2 |
–176 |
7.0 |
+ |
2.1 |
6.4 |
C thmp 15 |
|
Winnipeg (Manitoba) |
49.85 |
–97.48 |
1.8 |
+ |
1.2 |
–176 |
0.2 |
+ |
2.0 |
1.6 |
C wina 15 |
|
Winnipeg (Manitoba) |
50.18 |
–97.28 |
1.3 |
+ |
1.8 |
–176 |
0.3 |
+ |
2.8 |
1.5 |
C win5 11 |
|
Baker Lake (Nunavut) |
64.32 |
–96.00 |
1.3 |
+ |
1.7 |
153 |
10.8 |
+ |
3.8 |
10.5 |
G bake 5 |
|
Split Lake (Manitoba) |
56.39 |
–95.90 |
1.1 |
+ |
1.2 |
–175 |
8.3 |
+ |
2.0 |
7.3 |
C splk 15 |
|
Lac du Bonnet (Manitoba) |
50.26 |
–95.87 |
1.4 |
+ |
0.8 |
–172 |
0.1 |
+ |
1.8 |
1.6 |
G dubo 10 |
|
Kenora (Manitoba) |
49.72 |
–94.76 |
0.9 |
+ |
1.1 |
–162 |
0.6 |
+ |
1.9 |
1.5 |
C knra 15 |
|
Gods Lake (Manitoba) |
54.55 |
–94.48 |
1.6 |
+ |
1.6 |
–172 |
7.0 |
+ |
2.9 |
5.9 |
C gdlk 10 |
|
Churchill (Manitoba) |
58.76 |
–94.09 |
1.2 |
+ |
0.9 |
–179 |
10.6 |
+ |
1.9 |
8.6 |
G chur 10 |
|
Balmertown (Ontario) |
51.01 |
–93.77 |
1.6 |
+ |
1.1 |
–160 |
2.5 |
+ |
1.9 |
1.8 |
C bmtn 15 |
|
Ignace (Ontario) |
49.29 |
–91.46 |
1.1 |
+ |
1.4 |
–176 |
1.4 |
+ |
2.2 |
1.5 |
C ignc 14 |
|
Pipestone River (Ontario) |
52.33 |
–90.78 |
1.7 |
+ |
1.8 |
–165 |
6.3 |
+ |
3.3 |
5.1 |
C pipr 9 |
|
Savant Lake (Ontario) |
50.70 |
–90.56 |
1.6 |
+ |
1.4 |
–156 |
3.9 |
+ |
2.2 |
3.1 |
C svlk 14 |
|
Pickle Lake (Ontario) |
51.48 |
–90.16 |
1.4 |
+ |
1.1 |
–155 |
5.6 |
+ |
2.5 |
4.5 |
G picl 7 |
|
Thunder Bay (Ontario) |
48.47 |
–89.22 |
1.5 |
+ |
1.2 |
–151 |
2.5 |
+ |
2.1 |
2.1 |
C tbyg 14 |
|
Upper Keweenaw (Michigan) |
47.23 |
–88.62 |
1.9 |
+ |
0.7 |
160 |
0.8 |
+ |
1.6 |
1.1 |
G kew1 12 |
|
Rossport (Ontario) |
48.83 |
–87.52 |
1.7 |
+ |
0.9 |
–152 |
3.3 |
+ |
2.1 |
3.6 |
G ross 9 |
|
Escanaba (Michigan) |
45.75 |
–87.07 |
1.0 |
+ |
0.8 |
179 |
–0.9 |
+ |
1.8 |
0.6 |
G sup2 11 |
|
Longlac (Ontario) |
49.78 |
–86.52 |
1.3 |
+ |
1.9 |
–152 |
5.5 |
+ |
2.8 |
5.2 |
C lglk 13 |
|
Newberry (Michigan) |
46.30 |
–85.51 |
2.4 |
+ |
0.8 |
–173 |
–0.1 |
+ |
1.8 |
1.8 |
G sup3 11 |
|
Peawanuck (Ontario) |
55.01 |
–85.41 |
1.0 |
+ |
1.3 |
–126 |
12.0 |
+ |
2.5 |
9.2 |
C peaw 13 |
|
Wawa (Ontario) |
48.07 |
–84.76 |
1.3 |
+ |
2.0 |
–154 |
3.6 |
+ |
2.8 |
4.3 |
C wawa 13 |
|
Sault Saint Marie (Ontario) |
46.53 |
–84.59 |
1.2 |
+ |
2.1 |
–171 |
1.3 |
+ |
2.8 |
2.3 |
C ssmg 13 |
|
Hearst (Ontario) |
49.67 |
–83.51 |
1.5 |
+ |
0.8 |
–156 |
7.3 |
+ |
1.7 |
6.5 |
G hrst 7 C hrst 12 |
|
Igloolik (Nanavut) |
69.38 |
–81.81 |
3.0 |
+ |
1.8 |
–143 |
10.8 |
+ |
4.1 |
11.3 |
C iglo 10 |
|
Timmins (Ontario) |
48.52 |
–81.54 |
1.4 |
+ |
1.8 |
–154 |
6.4 |
+ |
2.6 |
5.8 |
C tims 13 |
|
Port Elgin (Ontario) |
44.44 |
–81.40 |
1.1 |
+ |
2.2 |
–169 |
0.3 |
+ |
2.9 |
0.2 |
C pteg 13 |
|
Sudbury (Ontario) |
46.45 |
–81.19 |
0.9 |
+ |
2.1 |
–169 |
3.2 |
+ |
2.7 |
3.0 |
C sdby 13 |
|
Moosonee (Ontario) |
51.29 |
–80.61 |
1.0 |
+ |
1.2 |
–145 |
9.9 |
+ |
2.2 |
9.7 |
C mosn 13 |
|
Parry Sound (Ontario) |
45.34 |
–80.04 |
1.0 |
+ |
0.8 |
–155 |
1.4 |
+ |
1.7 |
1.8 |
G pary 9 C pars 13 |
|
Toronto (Ontario) |
43.73 |
–79.61 |
0.8 |
+ |
1.5 |
–141 |
–0.6 |
+ |
2.4 |
–0.7 |
C tort 13 |
|
La Sarre (Quebec) |
48.78 |
–79.16 |
1.5 |
+ |
1.7 |
–153 |
8.2 |
+ |
2.3 |
6.5 |
C lsar 15 |
|
Temiscaming (Quebec) |
46.72 |
–79.09 |
1.1 |
+ |
1.7 |
–149 |
3.9 |
+ |
2.4 |
3.5 |
C tmsc 15 |
|
La Grande (Quebec) |
53.70 |
–78.57 |
0.7 |
+ |
1.1 |
–133 |
13.3 |
+ |
2.1 |
11.8 |
C lg1g 14 |
|
Peterborough (Ontario) |
44.31 |
–78.30 |
0.7 |
+ |
1.8 |
–156 |
1.2 |
+ |
2.6 |
0.5 |
C pter 13 |
|
Inukjuak (Quebec) |
58.46 |
–78.11 |
1.1 |
+ |
1.2 |
–62 |
11.0 |
+ |
2.9 |
10.7 |
C injk 13 |
|
Algonquin Park (Ontario) |
45.96 |
–78.07 |
1.0 |
+ |
0.4 |
–177 |
2.5 |
+ |
0.9 |
2.5 |
V algopark 19 G algo 17 |
|
Bancroft (Ontario) |
45.04 |
–77.89 |
1.2 |
+ |
1.7 |
–145 |
2.7 |
+ |
2.5 |
1.5 |
C bcft 13 |
|
Kuujjuarapik (Quebec) |
55.28 |
–77.75 |
0.3 |
+ |
1.1 |
–115 |
14.2 |
+ |
2.4 |
11.8 |
G kuuj 6 C kuuj 7 |
|
Val–d'Or (Quebec) |
48.10 |
–77.56 |
1.4 |
+ |
0.7 |
–158 |
8.3 |
+ |
1.5 |
5.5 |
G vald 7 C vald 14 |
|
Louise (Quebec) |
50.50 |
–77.43 |
0.7 |
+ |
1.5 |
176 |
9.1 |
+ |
3.0 |
9.8 |
C luse 9 |
|
Pembroke (Ontario) |
45.84 |
–77.25 |
1.4 |
+ |
2.1 |
175 |
3.4 |
+ |
2.8 |
2.3 |
C pemb 13 |
|
Eastmain (Quebec) |
52.11 |
–77.20 |
1.5 |
+ |
1.1 |
–162 |
11.7 |
+ |
2.0 |
12.1 |
C estm 14 |
|
Belleville (Ontario) |
44.23 |
–77.19 |
1.0 |
+ |
1.7 |
–150 |
1.2 |
+ |
2.5 |
0.4 |
C bel3 13 |
|
Gananoque (Ontario) |
44.35 |
–76.17 |
1.0 |
+ |
2.1 |
–157 |
1.6 |
+ |
2.8 |
0.6 |
C gang 13 |
|
Grand–Remous (Quebec) |
46.67 |
–75.99 |
1.0 |
+ |
1.9 |
–158 |
4.5 |
+ |
2.4 |
3.2 |
C gdrm 15 |
|
Bossler (Ontario) |
45.40 |
–75.92 |
1.0 |
+ |
1.5 |
180 |
3.0 |
+ |
2.1 |
1.7 |
C bslr 15 |
|
Mallorytown (Ontario) |
44.47 |
–75.87 |
1.1 |
+ |
1.8 |
–152 |
2.1 |
+ |
2.5 |
0.7 |
C mltn 14 |
|
Gatineau (Quebec) |
45.59 |
–75.81 |
1.0 |
+ |
0.8 |
176 |
2.5 |
+ |
1.7 |
1.9 |
G cags 11 |
|
Salluit (Quebec) |
62.19 |
–75.67 |
0.4 |
+ |
1.8 |
–153 |
7.2 |
+ |
3.0 |
7.3 |
C sall 13 |
|
Ottawa (Ontario) |
45.45 |
–75.62 |
0.5 |
+ |
0.5 |
176 |
2.9 |
+ |
1.2 |
1.8 |
G nrc1 16 nrc2 3 D otta 4
|
|
Laggan Glenelg Road (Ontario) |
45.39 |
–74.70 |
1.4 |
+ |
1.2 |
–153 |
3.2 |
+ |
1.9 |
1.6 |
C hlag 15 |
|
Parent (Quebec) |
47.92 |
–74.62 |
1.1 |
+ |
2.4 |
–169 |
6.4 |
+ |
2.8 |
4.5 |
C prnt 15 |
|
Saint–Jovite (Quebec) |
46.11 |
–74.59 |
0.7 |
+ |
1.8 |
–147 |
3.3 |
+ |
2.4 |
2.2 |
C stjv 15 |
|
Chibougamau (Quebec) |
49.91 |
–74.39 |
1.1 |
+ |
1.6 |
–178 |
9.5 |
+ |
2.2 |
8.2 |
C cmou 15 |
|
Chambly (Quebec) |
45.41 |
–73.35 |
1.4 |
+ |
1.6 |
–163 |
2.7 |
+ |
2.2 |
1.3 |
C cnmc 15 |
|
La Tuque (Quebec) |
47.42 |
–72.79 |
0.8 |
+ |
2.0 |
–169 |
4.4 |
+ |
2.5 |
2.6 |
C ltuq 15 |
|
Sherbrooke (Quebec) |
45.41 |
–71.99 |
1.2 |
+ |
2.1 |
174 |
1.9 |
+ |
2.6 |
0.7 |
C srbk 15 |
|
Laval University (Quebec) |
46.78 |
–71.28 |
1.8 |
+ |
1.2 |
–57 |
2.7 |
+ |
2.5 |
0.9 |
C lave 15 |
|
Laforge (Quebec) |
54.60 |
–71.27 |
0.2 |
+ |
1.3 |
–15 |
13.2 |
+ |
2.2 |
13.3 |
C lfrg 14 |
|
Chicoutimi (Quebec) |
48.48 |
–71.20 |
0.8 |
+ |
2.0 |
166 |
4.5 |
+ |
2.6 |
2.4 |
C ccmi 15 |
|
Saint–Georges (Quebec) |
46.02 |
–70.74 |
0.2 |
+ |
2.1 |
60 |
1.8 |
+ |
3.0 |
0.3 |
C stgo 15 |
|
Charlevoix (Quebec) |
47.55 |
–70.33 |
1.2 |
+ |
1.2 |
156 |
3.3 |
+ |
2.1 |
0.5 |
C crlv 14 |
|
La Pocatiere (Quebec) |
47.34 |
–70.01 |
1.1 |
+ |
0.8 |
169 |
2.4 |
+ |
1.8 |
0.1 |
C lpoc 15 |
|
Cacouna (Quebec) |
47.91 |
–69.48 |
0.9 |
+ |
1.2 |
174 |
2.3 |
+ |
2.0 |
–0.2 |
C cacu 15 |
|
Iqaluit (Nunavut) |
63.75 |
–68.55 |
1.3 |
+ |
1.9 |
179 |
3.2 |
+ |
3.5 |
2.2 |
C iqlu 10 |
|
Kuujjuaq (Quebec) |
58.11 |
–68.41 |
0.9 |
+ |
1.9 |
6 |
8.6 |
+ |
2.8 |
9.0 |
C kujq 13 |
|
Edmundston (New Brunswick) |
47.40 |
–68.36 |
0.8 |
+ |
1.6 |
–176 |
1.2 |
+ |
2.2 |
–1.4 |
C edmd 15 |
|
Baie–Comeau (Quebec) |
49.19 |
–68.26 |
1.0 |
+ |
0.9 |
157 |
3.0 |
+ |
2.1 |
0.6 |
G baie 9 |
|
Manic–5 (Quebec) |
51.25 |
–68.20 |
1.1 |
+ |
1.9 |
174 |
8.2 |
+ |
2.7 |
8.6 |
C mnc5 13 |
|
Baie Comeau (Quebec) |
49.27 |
–68.16 |
1.3 |
+ |
1.7 |
157 |
3.8 |
+ |
2.4 |
0.7 |
C bcom 15 |
|
Mont–Joli (Quebec) |
48.52 |
–67.98 |
0.9 |
+ |
1.6 |
147 |
1.6 |
+ |
2.4 |
–1.1 |
C mtjl 15 |
|
Schefferville (Quebec) |
54.83 |
–66.83 |
0.3 |
+ |
1.0 |
14 |
11.1 |
+ |
2.3 |
11.4 |
G sch2 8 |
|
Port–Cartier (Quebec) |
50.05 |
–66.78 |
0.8 |
+ |
2.0 |
170 |
4.1 |
+ |
2.6 |
2.7 |
C pcrt 15 |
|
Sainte–Anne–des–Monts (Quebec) |
49.12 |
–66.54 |
0.9 |
+ |
1.9 |
157 |
2.3 |
+ |
2.6 |
–0.9 |
C stan 15 |
|
Bathurst (New Brunswick) |
47.62 |
–65.78 |
0.3 |
+ |
1.4 |
173 |
0.4 |
+ |
2.0 |
–2.8 |
C btht 16 |
|
Chandler (Quebec) |
48.38 |
–64.56 |
0.4 |
+ |
1.6 |
168 |
1.0 |
+ |
2.2 |
–3.2 |
C cnda 15 |
|
Harvre–Saint–Pierre (Quebec) |
50.30 |
–63.83 |
0.3 |
+ |
1.7 |
–157 |
3.4 |
+ |
2.3 |
2.0 |
C hvrp 15 |
|
Folly Mountain (Nova Scotia) |
45.51 |
–63.54 |
0.2 |
+ |
1.8 |
–21 |
–0.6 |
+ |
3.1 |
–1.8 |
C flmt 9 flm2 3 |
|
Nain (Labrador) |
56.54 |
–61.69 |
1.5 |
+ |
0.6 |
28 |
4.0 |
+ |
1.4 |
2.0 |
G nain 9 C nain 14 |
|
Goose Bay (Labrador) |
53.30 |
–60.54 |
0.5 |
+ |
1.8 |
21 |
4.8 |
+ |
2.7 |
7.1 |
C gsby 13 |
|
| |||||||||||
|
Sites in Greenland, Baffin Island, and Ellesmere Island 32 | |||||||||||
|
Resolute (Cornwallis Island) |
74.69 |
–94.89 |
2.3 |
± |
0.8 |
–177 |
5.3 |
± |
1.8 |
3.5 |
G reso 11 |
|
Thule (Greenland) |
76.54 |
–68.79 |
3.1 |
± |
0.5 |
–123 |
5.6 |
± |
1.1 |
0.4 |
G thu1 6 thu2 13 thu3 9
|
|
Qikiqtarjuaq (Baffin island) |
67.56 |
–64.03 |
0.4 |
± |
1.1 |
0 |
3.4 |
± |
2.4 |
–1.6 |
G qiki 8 |
|
Kap Morton (Greenland) |
81.25 |
–63.53 |
2.0 |
± |
1.9 |
–100 |
7.5 |
± |
4.2 |
5.7 |
G kmor 4 |
|
Alert (Ellesmere Island) |
82.49 |
–62.34 |
3.7 |
± |
0.9 |
–146 |
5.3 |
± |
2.0 |
4.0 |
G alrt 9 |
|
Doecker Smith glacier(Greenland) |
76.35 |
–61.68 |
1.9 |
± |
1.7 |
–80 |
16.3 |
± |
3.8 |
0.0 |
G dksg 5 |
|
Kullorsuaq (Greenland) |
74.58 |
–57.23 |
3.1 |
± |
2.0 |
–110 |
9.1 |
± |
4.5 |
–0.3 |
G kull 4 |
|
Sermip Nunatak (Greenland) |
72.91 |
–54.39 |
4.3 |
± |
2.0 |
–111 |
17.3 |
± |
4.5 |
1.1 |
G srmp 4 |
|
Quaarsuut (Greenland) |
70.74 |
–52.69 |
2.2 |
± |
1.8 |
–82 |
7.8 |
± |
4.0 |
0.9 |
G qaar 5 |
|
Rinks Isbrf (Greenland) |
71.85 |
–50.99 |
2.4 |
± |
1.7 |
24 |
9.9 |
± |
3.9 |
1.2 |
G rink 5 |
|
Kellyville (Greenland) |
66.99 |
–50.94 |
1.5 |
± |
0.8 |
–117 |
1.1 |
± |
1.8 |
0.4 |
G kely 10 |
|
Kangia North (Greenland) |
69.22 |
–49.81 |
4.1 |
± |
1.9 |
–88 |
19.7 |
± |
4.3 |
–0.9 |
G kaga 4 |
|
Qaqortoq (Greenland) |
60.72 |
–46.05 |
1.7 |
± |
1.0 |
–106 |
3.8 |
± |
2.2 |
3.1 |
G qaq1 9 |
|
Timmiarmiut (Greenland) |
62.54 |
–42.29 |
1.4 |
± |
2.5 |
–24 |
7.4 |
± |
5.6 |
2.2 |
G timm 3 |
|
Trefoldigheden (Greenland) |
64.28 |
–41.38 |
2.3 |
± |
2.1 |
–66 |
10.3 |
± |
4.6 |
0.6 |
G treo 4 |
|
Hjornefjeldet (Greenland) |
63.42 |
–41.15 |
0.3 |
± |
2.0 |
–123 |
7.8 |
± |
4.5 |
1.2 |
G hjor 4 |
|
Kulusuk(Greenland) |
65.58 |
–37.15 |
2.0 |
± |
0.8 |
–107 |
8.3 |
± |
1.9 |
–0.1 |
G kulu 10 |
|
Pilappik (Greenland) |
66.90 |
–34.03 |
1.8 |
± |
2.5 |
–71 |
8.9 |
± |
5.5 |
–0.4 |
G plpk 3 |
|
Scoresbysund (Greenland) |
70.49 |
–21.95 |
1.6 |
± |
1.1 |
–62 |
3.0 |
± |
2.6 |
1.7 |
G scor 7 |
|
Kap Agassiz (Greenland) |
79.13 |
–65.85 |
2.8 |
± |
2.8 |
–122 |
10.5 |
± |
6.3 |
4.3 |
G kagz 3 |
|
Marie glacier (Greenland) |
77.19 |
–65.69 |
2.0 |
± |
1.5 |
–120 |
9.3 |
± |
3.4 |
2.1 |
G marg 5 |
|
Astrup Kystland (Greenland) |
75.73 |
–58.26 |
3.0 |
± |
3.3 |
–88 |
15.7 |
± |
7.3 |
-0.4 |
G asky 2 |
|
Sermip Nunataa (Greenland) |
61.07 |
–47.14 |
2.6 |
± |
1.7 |
–122 |
12.2 |
± |
3.8 |
2.6 |
G senu 5 |
|
Kxge Bugt (Greenland) |
65.14 |
–41.16 |
2.7 |
± |
3.1 |
–100 |
16.1 |
± |
6.8 |
–0.1 |
G kbug 3 |
|
Lynfs (Greenland) |
64.43 |
–40.20 |
0.9 |
± |
2.3 |
–89 |
9.8 |
± |
5.2 |
0.2 |
G lyns 3 |
|
Steenstrup Nordre Brf (Greenland) |
66.86 |
–35.58 |
2.5 |
± |
1.5 |
–47 |
13.9 |
± |
3.3 |
–0.2 |
G ksnb 6 |
|
Kangerdlussuaq glacier (Greenland) |
68.59 |
–33.05 |
4.6 |
± |
2.4 |
–94 |
26.0 |
± |
5.4 |
-0.4 |
G kuaq 3 |
|
Vestfjord glacier (Greenland) |
70.30 |
–29.82 |
3.0 |
± |
2.4 |
–58 |
10.4 |
± |
5.3 |
1.6 |
G vfdg 3 |
|
Hamburg glacier (Greenland) |
73.68 |
–28.13 |
3.1 |
± |
2.6 |
–53 |
4.8 |
± |
5.9 |
-0.5 |
G hmbg 3 |
|
Ymer nunatak (Greenland) |
77.43 |
–24.33 |
3.2 |
± |
2.3 |
–83 |
4.8 |
± |
5.1 |
4.5 |
G ymer 4 |
|
Walterhausen glacier (Greenland) |
73.96 |
–24.31 |
2.4 |
± |
2.3 |
–66 |
6.4 |
± |
5.1 |
0.7 |
G wthg 4 |
|
Mestersvig (Greenland) |
72.24 |
–23.91 |
2.0 |
± |
2.3 |
–58 |
6.8 |
± |
5.0 |
2.2 |
G msvg 4 |
The horizontal velocity is described by a speed (in mm/yr) and an azimuth (in degrees clockwise of North).
Values after the ± are 1–dimensional 95% confidence limits.
The right column list the sites used to estimate the velocity of the place:
the space technique (G– GPS, V– VLBI, S– SLR, D-DORIS, C–Canadian Base Network), the site abbreviation, and the effective time period of observation (in yr).
For example, Westford has 23 years of VLBI data at site westford, 11 years of GPS data at site wes2, 13 years of VLBI data at site haystack, and 12 years of SLR data at site haystk.
ICE-6G_C (VM5a) is the postglacial rebound model in this study.
We define the effective time period of observations to be the root sum square of the time period before an offset and the time period after the offset and the root sum square of the time periods of 2 or more sites at the same place.
We take the standard error in uplift to be 10 mm divided by the effective time period of observation [see Argus et al. 2010, Argus and Peltier 2010].
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