Sra: Imagine It!, Themes, Risks and Consequences, Nature's Delicate Balance, a changing America, Science Fair, America on the Move, Dollars and Sense, Level 4 [Grade 4]



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SRA: Imagine It!, Themes, Risks and Consequences, Nature's Delicate Balance, A Changing America, Science Fair, America on the Move, Dollars and Sense, Level 4 [Grade 4]

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SRA: Imagine It!, Themes, Risks and Consequences, Nature's Delicate Balance, A Changing America, Science Fair, America on the Move, Dollars and Sense, Level 4 [Grade 4]

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SRA Imagine It!, Level 4



Program Authors

Steve Graham

Marlene Scardamalia

Jan Hirshberg

Marcy Stein

Karen Harris

Andy Biemiller

Anne McKeough

Gerald H. Treadway Jr.

Carl Bereiter

Joe Campione

Marsha Roit

Iva Carruthers

Doug Fuchs

Lynn Fuchs

Peter Pinnell

Michael Pressley
Columbus, OH

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Acknowledgments

Grateful acknowledgement is given to the following publishers and copyright owners for permissions granted to reprint selections from their publications. All possible care has been taken to trace ownership and secure permission for each selection included. In case of any errors or omissions, the Publisher will be pleased to make suitable acknowledgements in future editions.

RISKS AND CONSEQUENCES

Chapter 10 from ISLAND OF THE BLUE DOLPHINS. Copyright © 1960, renewed 1988 by Scott O'Dell. Reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

From TWO TICKETS TO FREEDOM. Text © 1971 Florence B. Freedman, illustrations © 1971 Ezra Jack Keats. Reprinted with permission of School Specialty Publishing. All rights reserved.

"Mrs. Frisby and the Crow" reprinted with the permission of Atheneum Books for Young Readers, an imprint of Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing Division from MRS. FRISBY AND THE RATS OF NIMH by Robert C. O'Brien. Copyright © 1971 Robert C. O'Brien; copyright renewed 1999 Christopher Conly, Jane Leslie Conly, Kate Conly and Sarah Conly.

"Langston Hughes: Poet of the People" by Mary Satchell from PLAYS OF BLACK AMERICANS © 2003 and PLAYS, The Drama Magazine for Young People © October 1993, reprinted with the permission of the publisher PLAYS/ Sterling partners, Inc., PO Box 600160, Newton, MA 02460.

"Daedalus and Icarus" reprinted with the permission of Margaret K. McElderry Books, an imprint of Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing Division from GREEK MYTHS by Geraldine McCaughrean, illustrated by Emma Chichester Clark. Text copyright © 1992 Geraldine McCaughrean. Illustrations copyright © 1992 Emma Chichester Clark.

"Hippo's Hope" from A LIGHT IN THE ATTIC by Shel Silverstein. COPYRIGHT © 1981 BY EVIL EYE MUSIC. Used by permission of HarperCollins Publishers.

"The Dream Keeper" from COLLECTED POEMS by Langston Hughes, copyright © 1994 by The Estate of Langston Hughes. Used by permission of Alfred A Knopf, a division of Random House Inc.

"Freedom" from COLLECTED POEMS by Langston Hughes, copyright © 1994 by The Estate of Langston Hughes. Used by permission of Alfred A Knopf, a division of Random House Inc.

"Dreams" from COLLECTED POEMS by Langston Hughes, copyright © 1994 by The Estate of Langston Hughes. Used by permission of Alfred A Knopf, a division of Random House Inc.



NATURE'S DELICATE BALANCE

"The Snowflake" by Neil Waldman. Copyright © 2003 by Neil Waldman. Reprinted with the permission of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this text excerpt may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the prior written permission of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.

ENERGY MAKES THINGS HAPPEN by Kimberly Brubaker Bradley. COPYRIGHT © 2003. Used by permission of HarperCollins Publishers.

WHO EATS WHAT?: FOOD CHAINS AND FOOD WEBS by Patricia Lauber. COPYRIGHT © 1995. Used by permission of HarperCollins Publishers. WHAT ROT! Copyright © 1996 by Elizabeth Hennefrund. All rights reserved. THE GREAT KAPOK TREE: A TALE OF THE AMAZON RAIN FOREST, copyright © 1990 by Lynne Cherry, reprinted by permission of Harcourt, Inc. This material may not be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher.

"Yellow Leaf" by Frederick Zydek. Reprinted by permission of CRICKET magazine, September 2000, copyright, © 2000 by Frederick Zydek. "Mold, Mold" from SOMETHING BIG HAS BEEN HERE by Jack Prelutsky. TEXT COPYRIGHT © 1980 BY JACK PRELUTSKY. Used by permission of HarperCollins Publishers.

"Circle of Songs" by Cynthia A. Porter. Reprinted by permission of CRICKET magazine, April 2004, copyright, © 2004 by Cynthia A. Porter.



A CHANGING AMERICA

Excerpted from THE U.S. CONSTITUTION AND YOU by Syl Sobel. Copyright © 2001 by Barron's Educational series, Inc. Reprinted by arrangement with Barron's Educational Series, Inc., Hauppauge, NY.

"Benjamin Banneker" by Ginger Wadsworth. Text copyright © 2003 by Ginger Wadsworth. Reprinted with the permission of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this text excerpt may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the prior written permission of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.

From "STRIKING IT RICH The Story of the California Gold Rush" by Stephen Krensky. Text Copyright © 1996 by Stephen Krensky. Used by permission of Rosenstone/Wender.

A COVERED WAGON GIRL: THE DIARY OF SALLIE HESTER 1849-1850 by Sallie Hester © 2000 by Capstone Press. All rights reserved.

GETTING TO KNOW THE U.S. PRESIDENTS--ABRAHAM LINCOLN: SIXTEENTH PRESIDENT by Mike Venezia. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Children's Press an imprint of Scholastic Library Publishing, Inc.

"Christopher Columbus" by J. Patrick Lewis. Reprinted by permission of CRICKET magazine, October 2000, Vol. 28, No.2, copyright, © 2000 by J. Patrick Lewis.

"Buffalo Dusk" from SMOKE AND STEEL by Carl Sandburg, copyright 1920 by Harcourt, Inc. and renewed 1948 by Carl Sandburg, reprinted by permission of the publisher. This material may not be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher.

"A Gold Miner's Tale" from WE THE PEOPLE by Bobbi Katz. COPYRIGHT © 2000 by BOBBI KATZ. Used by permission of HarperCollins Children's Publishing.

SCIENCE FAIR

"The Scientific Method" from HOW TO THINK LIKE A SCIENTIST by Stephen P. Kramer. COPYRIGHT © 1987. Used by permission of HarperCollins Children's Publishing.

"Magnetism" from ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM by Rebecca Hunter © Harcourt Education Ltd 2006. Harcourt Global Library, part of Harcourt Education Ltd.

SRAonline.com
Copyright © 2008 by SRA/McGraw-Hill.

All rights reserved. No part of the this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. An Open Court Curriculum.

Printed in the United States of America.

Send all inquiries to this address:


SRA/McGraw-Hill
4400 Easton Commons
Columbus, OH 43219-6188

ISBN: 978-0-07-609647-3

MHID: 0-07-609647-5

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The Mcgraw-Hill Companies

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Program Authors



Carl Bereiter, Ph.D.
University of Toronto

Marlene Scardamalia, Ph.D.
University of Toronto

Andrew Biemiller, Ph.D.
University of Toronto

Joe Campione, Ph.D.
University of California, Berkeley

Karen Harris, Ph.D.
Vanderbilt University

Steve Graham, Ph.D.
Vanderbilt University

Jan Hirshberg, Ed.D.
Reading Specialist

Anne McKeough, Ph.D.
University of Calgary

Marsha Roit, Ph.D.
National Reading Consultant

Marcy Stein, Ph.D.
University of Washington, Tacoma

Gerald H. Treadway, Jr., Ed.D.
San Diego State University

Iva Carruthers, Ph.D.
Northeastern Illinois University

Doug Fuchs, Ph.D.
Vanderbilt University

Lynn Fuchs, Ph.D.
Vanderbilt University

Peter Pinnell, Principal
Longfellow Elementary School, Pasadena, California

Michael Pressley, Ph.D.
Michigan State University

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Table of Contents

Unit 1: Risks and Consequences

Unit Overview



18
Vocabulary Warm-Up 20

Island of the Blue Dolphins
realistic fiction written by Scott O'Dell * illustrated by Barbara Massey 22

Meet the Author , Scott O'Dell Award-winning author 38

Meet the Illustrator , Barbara Massey 38

Theme Connections 39

Science Inquiry The Star Called Sun 40
Vocabulary Warm-Up 42

Two Tickets to Freedom


from Two Tickets to Freedom: The True Story of Ellen and William Craft, Fugitive Slaves biography written by Florence B. Freedman * illustrated by Doris Ettlinger 44

Meet the Author , Florence B. Freedman 62

Meet the Illustrator , Doris Ettlinger 62

Theme Connections 63

Social Studies Inquiry Helping Hands 64
Vocabulary Warm-Up 66

Mrs. Frisby and the Crow
from Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH fantasy written by Robert C. O'Brien * illustrated by John Kanzler 68

Meet the Author , Robert C. O'Brien Award-winning author 82

Meet the Illustrator , John Kanzler 82

Theme Connections 83

Science Inquiry Amazing Animals 84

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Vocabulary Warm-Up 86



Langston Hughes: Poet of the People (Scenes I and II)
from Plays of Black Americans
play written by Mary Satchell * edited by Sylvia E. Kamerman 88

Meet the Author , Mary Satchell 102

Theme Connections 103

Social Studies Inquiry Public Schools 104


Vocabulary Warm-Up 106

Daedalus and Icarus
from Greek Myths
myth retold by Geraldine McCaughrean * illustrated by Emma Chichester Clark 108

Meet the Author ,
Geraldine McCaughrean Award-winning author 116

Meet the Illustrator ,
Emma Chichester Clark Award-winning illustrator 116

Theme Connections 117

Science Inquiry From Liquid to Solid and Back Again 118
Hippo's Hope Award-winning poet
poem written and illustrated by Shel Silverstein 120

The Dream Keeper
poem by Langston Hughes 122

Dreams
poem by Langston Hughes 123

Freedom
poem by Langston Hughes * illustrated by Tyrone Geter 124

Test Prep 126

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Unit 2: Nature's Delicate Balance



Unit Overview

130
Vocabulary Warm-Up 132

The Snowflake: A Water Cycle Story
narrative nonfiction written and illustrated by Neil Waldman 134

Meet the Author and Illustrator , Neil Waldman Award-winning author and illustrator 146

Theme Connections 147

Science Inquiry Erosion and Landslides 148
Vocabulary Warm-Up 150

Energy Makes Things Happen
expository text written by Kimberly Brubaker Bradley 152

Meet the Author , Kimberly Brubaker Bradley 164

Theme Connections 165

Science Inquiry Making Life Easier 166
Vocabulary Warm-Up 168

Who Eats What? Food Chains and Food Webs
expository text written by Patricia Lauber 170

Meet the Author , Patricia Lauber Award-winning author 186

Theme Connections 187

Science Inquiry All Kinds of Eaters 188

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Vocabulary Warm-Up 190



What Rot! Nature's Mighty Recycler
expository text written by Elizabeth Ring * photos by Dwight Kuhn 192

Meet the Author , Elizabeth Ring 202

Meet the Photographer , Dwight Kuhn 202

Theme Connections 203

Social Studies Inquiry Water Rights 204
Vocabulary Warm-Up 206

The Great Kapok Tree: A Tale of the Amazon Rain Forest
fantasy text written and illustrated by Lynne Cherry 208

Meet the Author and Illustrator , Lynne Cherry Award-winning author and illustrator 222

Theme Connections 223

Science Inquiry Plants and Their Cells 224

Circle of Songs
poem by Cynthia Porter 226

Yellow Leaf


poem by Jack Prelutsky 227

Mold, Mold Award-winning poet
poem by Fredrick Zydeck 228

Test Prep 230


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Unit 3: A Changing America

Unit Overview

234
Vocabulary Warm-Up 236

The U.S. Constitution and You
expository text written by Syl Sobel 238

Meet the Author , Syl Sobel 258

Theme Connections 259

Social Studies Inquiry State Governments 260
Vocabulary Warm-Up 262

Benjamin Banneker: Pioneering Scientist
biography written by Ginger Wadsworth * illustrated by Greg Hargreaves 264

Meet the Author , Ginger Wadsworth 278

Meet the Illustrator , Greg Hargreaves 278

Theme Connections 279

Science Inquiry The Moon's Phases 280
Vocabulary Warm-Up 282

Striking It Rich: The Story of the California Gold Rush
expository text written by Stephen Krensky 284

Meet the Author , Stephen Krensky Award-winning author 294

Theme Connections 295

Science Inquiry The Rock Cycle 296

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Vocabulary Warm-Up 298



A Covered Wagon Girl: The Diary of Sallie Hester, 1849-1850
diary edited by Christy Steele with Ann Hodgson 300

Meet the Author , Sallie Hester 316

Meet the Editors , Christy Steele with Ann Hodgson 316

Theme Connections 317

Social Studies Inquiry Spanish Missions 318


Vocabulary Warm-Up 320

Abraham Lincoln: Sixteenth President
biography written by Mike Venezia 322

Meet the Author , Mike Venezia 336

Theme Connections 337

Social Studies Inquiry Juneteenth 338
Christopher Columbus
poem by J. Patrick Lewis * illustrated by Greg Shed 340

Buffalo Dusk Award-winning poet
poem by Carl Sandburg * illustrated by Richard Hook 341

A Gold Miner's Tale
poem by Bobbi Katz * illustrated by Troy Howell 342

Test Prep 344

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Unit 4: Science Fair



Unit Overview

348
Vocabulary Warm-Up 350

The Scientific Method
from How to Think Like a Scientist
expository text written by Stephen P. Kramer * illustrated by Barbara Spurll 352

Meet the Author , Stephen P. Kramer 368

Meet the Illustrator , Barbara Spurll 368

Theme Connections 369

Science Inquiry Isaac Newton 370
Vocabulary Warm-Up 372

Magnetism
from Electricity and Magnetism
expository text written by Rebecca Hunter 374

Meet the Author , Rebecca Hunter 384

Theme Connections 385

Social Studies Inquiry Where Am I? 386
Vocabulary Warm-Up 388

The Case of the Gasping Garbage
mystery written by Michele Torrey * illustrated by Ken Gamage 390

Meet the Author , Michele Torrey Award-winning author 414

Meet the Illustrator , Ken Gamage 414

Theme Connections 415

Social Studies Inquiry Economic Freedom 416

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Vocabulary Warm-Up 418



How Ben Franklin Stole the Lightning
biography written and illustrated by Rosalyn Schanzer 420

Meet the Author and Illustrator , Rosalyn Schanzer Award-winning author and illustrator 434

Theme Connections 435

Science Inquiry Energy 436


Vocabulary Warm-Up 438

How Fast Do You Eat Your Ice Cream?
expository text written by Maya Kaczorowski 440

Meet the Author , Maya Kaczorowski 450

Theme Connections 451

Science Inquiry Inherited or Learned? 452
What Is Science?
poem by Rebecca Kai Dotlich * illustrated by Virginia Halstead 454

The Microscope
poem by Maxine Kumin * illustrated by Robert Byrd 456

Test Prep 458

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Unit 5: America on the Move



Unit Overview

462
Vocabulary Warm-Up 464

The Golden Spike
expository text written by Dan Elish * illustrated by Alan Reingold 466

Meet the Illustrator , Alan Reingold 472

Meet the Author , Dan Elish 472

Theme Connections 473

Social Studies Inquiry The Pony Express 474
Vocabulary Warm-Up 476

John Henry Races the Steam Drill
from Big Men, Big Country: A Collection of American Tall Tales tall tale written by Paul Robert Walker * illustrated by James Hoston 478

Meet the Author , Paul Robert Walker 490

Meet the Illustrator , James Hoston 490

Theme Connections 491

Science Inquiry Iron to Steel 492
Vocabulary Warm-Up 494

Immigrant Children
expository text written by Sylvia Whitman 496

Meet the Author , Sylvia Whitman 510

Theme Connections 511

Social Studies Inquiry At War with Mexico 512

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Vocabulary Warm-Up 514



The Dust Bowl
expository text written by Ann Heinrichs 516

Meet the Author , Ann Heinrichs Award-winning author 536

Theme Connections 537

Science Inquiry Oil 538


Vocabulary Warm-Up 540

Pop's Bridge
historical fiction written by Eve Bunting * illustrated by C. F. Payne 542

Meet the Author , Eve Bunting Award-winning author 552

Meet the Illustrator , C. F. Payne Award-winning illustrator 552

Theme Connections 553

Social Studies Inquiry The New World 554
Low Bridge
poem by Thomas S. Allen * illustrated by Brian Deines 556

Migrants from Out of the Dust poem by Karen Hesse * illustrated by Alan Reingold 558

Test Prep 560

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Unit 6: Dollars and Sense



Unit Overview

564
Vocabulary Warm-Up 566

Erandi's Braids
realistic fiction written by Antonio Hernández Madrigal * illustrated by Tomie de Paola 568

Meet the Author , Antonio Hernandez Madrigal 580

Meet the Illustrator , Tomie de Paola Award-winning illustrator 580

Theme Connections 581

Social Studies Inquiry Native American Traders 582
Vocabulary Warm-Up 584

My Rows and Piles of Coins
realistic fiction written by Tololwa M. Mollel * illustrated by E. B. Lewis 586

Meet the Author ,
Tololwa M. Mollel Award-winning author 598

Meet the Illustrator , E. B. Lewis Award-winning illustrator 598

Theme Connections 599

Social Studies Inquiry Houston, We Have a Space Station! 600
Vocabulary Warm-Up 602



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