Appendix E STS Transfers Reverse Lightering Consideration

1.2 Fendering Considerations

The maneuvering ship is normally rigged with primary fenders.

Selection of fenders are to take into account the potential increase in berthing velocities and higher angles of approach when compared to conventional berthing for lightering operations.

To limit berthing velocities additional environmental limits may be imposed on the operation or the requirement for the use of tugs to assist in berthing.

i) Prior to reaching an agreement to a reverse lightering operation, the parties involved should carry out a risk assessment as outlined in Section .6.2 of this Plan.

ii) Estimated berthing energy should be calculated using the formulae in appendix H of the CDI/ICS/OCIMF/SIGTTO “Ship-to-Ship Transfer Guide for Petroleum, Chemicals and Liquefied Gases’, 2013 (STS Guide)

iii) To assist in the identification of weather windows for an operation, consideration may be given to using STS berthing simulation tools to calculate berthing forces and stand-off distances in varying environmental conditions.

iv) Weather, sea and swell conditions will influence the ability of the loaded vessel to maneuver during the berthing approach, and therefore is to be considered as a limiting factor.

Consideration is to be given to the effect of approach velocities on the berthing energy absorption characteristics of the fender system.

v) Consideration is to be given to the availability of fenders of a required type and size and of equipment, such as service vessels, capable of safely handling the fenders.

1.2 Lengths of Hose not Within the Containment Area

1.3 Miscellaneous requirements for Hose Connections

To enable ship’s personnel to connect hose lengths effectively, the following are necessary at a minimum:

i) Appropriate new gaskets

ii) Reliable nuts and bolts

iii) Appropriately sized torque wrenches

iv) The gasket manufacturer’s instructions regarding the optimum final torque compression setting for the supplied gaskets.

v) Metal scrapers, aerosol gasket removers, wire brushes.

1.4 Preparatory measures for Hose Connections

i) To ensure that all residues and debris from previous gaskets or other material are removed completely, prior to connection of the two hoses, the flange faces should be inspected in detail and cleaned.

ii) The use of metal flanged scrapers, an aerosol gasket removers and wire brushes may assist in ensuring a good and flat flange surface.

iii) The threads of the bolts and nuts are to be lubricated

iv) New ANSI ring gaskets would center themselves with the bolts in place.

v) Under no circumstance should old gaskets be used.

1.5 Tightening of Flanges for Hose Connections

Once the flange has been assembled and all nuts have been secured to the bolts by hand with the joint in place, it is imperative that a sequence is to be followed while using the wrench. This is achieved by temporary marking the flange with numbers.

A uniform gap around the circumference is to be maintained between the flanges during the process of tightening.

Figure 11 Flange tightening procedure

1st Round During the first round, nuts are to be hand wrench tightened.

2nd Round A hand wrench should again be used for the second round of tightening.

3rd Round A Torque wrench is to be used to tighten the nuts up to 25% full torque

4rd Round A Torque wrench is to be used to tighten the nuts up to 50% full torque

5rd Round A Torque wrench is to be used to tighten the nuts up to 75% full torque

6rd Round A Torque wrench is to be used to tighten the nuts up to 100% full torque

Check A Torque wrench is to be used to verify that the nuts do not move at 100% full torque

Check The torque on the nuts should be checked continuously, specifically after 24 hours since most of the short term pre-load loss occurs within 24 hours after initial tightening.

G2 Casual Factors Leading to High Level Risks