Study related to discrimination against women in law and in practice in political and public life, including during times of political transitions

184^ such as the daily “Uzbekiston Adabiyet va Sanati,” “Hurriyat,” “Oila va Jamiyat,” “Turkiston,” “Vatan,” “Uzbekiston Ovozi,” “Khalk Suzi,” and others In the media, “alongside stereotypical Soviet-style images of women standing by a machine at a plant, or women on a plantation, there is a new image, typical of patriarchal discourse - a blushing bride, a mother sitting by the cradle, an elderly woman surrounded by numerous relatives, and a woman running her home.”

185^ In Viet Nam, the Confucian concept that men are responsible for the ‘education’ of their wives and children underpins acceptance of physical violence. For example, in Tuvalu, there is a common practice called moetolo where a man creeps into the fale (traditional house) and rapes a woman, while others are sleeping or pretending to sleep. If the rapist is taken to court the court would not consider the effect of custom on the watchers, by maintaining that if a woman was really being raped, someone would have taken action to stop it.

186^ Girls should marry while they are children to avoid being raped, Indian caste elders called Khap panchayats declared after a 16 year girl killed herself following a gang-rape. Dean Nelson,  ‘Girls should marry to avoid being raped, say Indian caste elders ‘The Telegraph New Delhi 8Oct 2012(APWLD, 2012).

187^ Freedom In The World 2012- iran. 

188^ For example, in Fiji the Committee noted in its concluding observation that there were many instances of indirect and hidden discrimination, as evidenced by stereotyping of women, which perceives them exclusively as caregivers and homemakers and assigns them in areas such as education and employment to spheres suitable to their "characteristics."  There was also the prevailing perception that public and social spheres are "men's spheres". CEDAW/C/FJI/CO/4 (CEDAW, 2010); See also comments on Indonesia: ‘in particular, requirements that a woman obtain her family’s consent before engaging in night work…. the requirement that a woman obtain her husband’s consent regarding sterilization and abortion, even when her life is in danger.’ A/55/38(SUPP) (CEDAW, 2000) With respect to Jordan, the Committee expressed its serious concern about the persistence of harmful practices and traditions, including polygamy, patriarchal attitudes and deep-rooted stereotypes, regarding the roles, responsibilities and identities of women and men in all spheres of life including in the labour market and in political and public life, and are also a root cause of violence against women. In particular, the Committee regretted that the mere reference to women in the amended article 6, paragraph 4, of the Constitution was in the context of motherhood protection See CEDAW/C/JOR/CO/4 (CEDAW, 2007);CEDAW/C/JOR/CO/5 (CEDAW, 2012)

189^ See (UNDP, 2010)pp 86, 87. Media reports of former President Corazon Aquino of the Philippines and former President Chandrika Kumaratunga of Sri Lanka tended to focus on their being wives and mothers. In 2008, as Rustriningsih campaigned to become Vice-Governor of Central Java, one of the most important parts of Indonesia, she traveled constantly. This was not in keeping with the conventional role of an Indonesian wife and mother (she is both). The opposition campaign emphasized her absence from home and alleged neglect of family duties. (UNDP, 2010)

190^ CEDAW/C/FJI/CO/4 (CEDAW, 2010);

191^ United Nations Development Program, Mongolia Human Development Report 2007: Employment and Poverty in Mongolia: Executive Summary (Ulaanbaatar, 2007), pp. 26, 28.

192^ Women as Agents of Change: Evidence from the Grassroots: Lori Beaman, Esther Duflo, Rohini Pande and

Petia Topalova ppt for WG

193^ See generally, CEDAW concluding observations for most of the states in the region

194^ AI Submission

195^ AI submission

196^ From the examples quoted above in the previous sections relating to Nepal, Jordan and Lebanon, raising women’s political consciousness is important for their political gains.

197^ Munna Bai, a village council leader in Raisa district, India, found herself jailed on charges of embezzling US $100 from the panchayat family welfare fund. She claims she does not know why she has been arrested, as she only put her thumb impression on documents prepared by a block-level officer. (UNDP, 2010)

198


^ Khap panchayats in India in 2012 issued a rule that girls should not be given mobile phones, to prevent communication with boys. Khaps Can't Suppress Women's Rights to Move or Dress' NEW DELHI | JUL 13, 2012

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