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A03-151 TITLE: Diode-Pumped Solid-State Laser (DPSSL) for Airborne Laser Radar TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Sensors OBJECTIVE: All U.S. military services are now pursuing various types of laser radar systems for surveillance, detection and acquisition, and/or terminal guidance to targets of interest. This task specifically addresses the laser transmitters that are necessary for laser radar sensors in expendable munitions. The primary U.S. Army application is the NetFires Loitering Attack Munition (LAM), with other potential applications including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and guided submunitions. This task will investigate and develop specific techniques for miniaturizing laser devices for expendable munitions, with the key requirements being a very small physical size; hardening against vibrational, acceleration, and temperature extremes; capability of withstanding long storage times, followed by limited duty cycles of 1-3 minutes, (and in related applications up to 30 minutes); and capability of mass production at low unit costs. This task will address all components of the laser transmitter system: optical bench and resonator, output optics, power supplies, cooling requirements, housing, connectors, etc. The laser device is a high repetition rate, diode-pumped solid-state laser transmitter, using either conventional laser rods, slabs, or fiber materials. For military applications, the laser transmitter might be part of an expendable laser radar or other laser communication system, where only one-time operation might be required. Commercial applications might include remotely emplaced laser transmitters, perhaps part of environmental sensors, that may operate only intermittently, but due to physical space, temperature, or other environmental constraints require unique designs and miniaturized packaging. This investigation will require detailed experience in solid-state lasers and electro-optical designs, with their associated electronics, power supplies, controls, and cooling functions, all optimized for mass production. Emphasis should be placed on a compact, lightweight, self-contained, and electrically efficient design, ruggedized for high-speed airborne applications over temperature extremes. DESCRIPTION: This task will concentrate on all key elements of the laser. The laser transmitter may have the following typical characteristics: solid-state, diode-pumped laser operating at 1.06 or 1.5 microns nominal wavelength, pulse repetition rates typically 20-30 KHz, average laser output power 5-10 watts. Individual laser pulses may be on the order of 0.3-1.0 millijoule with pulse widths of 5-20 nanoseconds, for peak powers near 25-100 Kw. PHASE I: In Phase I, an assessment will be made of the key subsystems and components of typical laser configurations, with an analysis of those areas for which significant gains may be made toward miniaturization, cost reduction, hardening, and mass production. Recommendations for investigating the most promising techniques to meet the desired criteria will be developed. These recommendations will serve as a plan for Phase II hardware construction, demonstration, and testing. PHASE II: In Phase II, a laser design(s) will be developed, which show most promise in adequate laser output performance along with enhancements toward miniaturization, hardening, capability for mass production, and capability for cost reduction in quantity procurements. After testing of laboratory configurations, the most promising design(s) will be implemented in prototype laser hardware to demonstrate proper laser operation at required duty cycles, with testing at the contractor's facility. The laser hardware will be fully packaged, suitable for delivery to the Army for testing and field experiments. Follow-on activities by the Army are planned for insertion of the laser transmitter configuration into a complete laser radar system for ground and captive flight tests. PHASE III: The primary military application is a laser transmitter source for use in laser radars. Commercial applications include indoor uses for portable lasers in such diverse areas as medical fields, inspection and monitoring, process control, production flow, etc. Outdoor applications include environmental monitoring, unattended sensors, remote operation of sensors in hazardous environments, etc. In many of these applications a compact, self-contained, high-efficiency laser system is required. REFERENCES: 1) Walter Koechner, Solid-State Laser Engineering (Springer Series in Optical Sciences, v. 1), published by Springer-Verlag, Fifth ed., 1999. 2) Richard Scheps, Introduction to Laser Diode-Pumped Solid State Lasers (Tutorial Texts in Optical Engineering, v. TT53), published by SPIE Press, 2002. 3) Claude Sarno, Georges Moulin, Thermal Management of Highly Integrated Electronic Packages in Avionics Applications, Electronics Cooling, v.7 n.4, p.12-20, Nov. 2001. 4) Stephen J. Matthews, “Light from Crystals, Back to Basics: Diode-Pumped Lasers”, Laser Focus World, v.37 n.11, p.115-122, Nov. 2001. 5) Larry Marshall, Diode-Pumped Lasers Begin to Fulfill Promise, Laser Focus World, v.34 n.6, p.63-72, June 1998. 6) Eric J. Lerner, Diode Arrays Boost Efficiency of Solid-State Lasers, Laser Focus World, v.34 n.11, p.97-103, Nov. 1998. 7) DPSS Lasers Move Forward, Lasers & Optronics, p.13-14, Oct. 1998. 8) Valentin Gapontsev, William Krupke, Fiber Lasers Grow in Power, Laser Focus World, v.38 n.8, p.83-87, Aug. 2002.
A03-152 TITLE: A Logistic Regression Model for Single Shot Missile Reliability Prediction TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Materials/Processes ACQUISITION PROGRAM: PATRIOT PMO OBJECTIVE: Extend missile shelf life by developing a binary logistic regression reliability model. DESCRIPTION: The Army maintains a Stockpile Reliability Program to assess and predict missile population reliability and readiness. These reliability predictions are used to support missile shelf-life extensions and make decisions concerning missile condition codes. Imprecise estimates can result in tens of millions of dollars unnecessary cost to the Army. Current methodologies rely on standard linear regression statistical techniques using missile age as the primary independent variable. Other statistical techniques exist which might be applicable to reliability analysis of one-shot devices, such as binary logistic regression. However, although logistic regression is often employed in the social sciences, little effort has been made to apply this techniques to reliability assessment. This topic is to explore a binary logistic regression statistical model to predict missile reliability. PHASE I: Phase I is to perform a feasibility study for applying binary logistic regression to missile stockpile reliability assessment. Potential covariates should be identified and explored in the development of this regression model, including, but not limited to, missile configuration, storage location, manufacturer, environmental history, component testing, and flight testing. Preliminary data should be collected. An assessment of logistic regression versus standard linear regression for missile stockpile reliability should be included in Phase I. PHASE II: Phase II should finalize selection of covariates, collect additional data, and develop a prototype logistic regression model. PHASE III: Phase III should develop a final model and validate the model using actual missile stockpile reliability data. Army applications include all missile systems, including legacy and future systems, such as STINGER, PATRIOT, and Common Modular Missile. This model will replace the existing standard regression models used by AMCOM. Commercial applications include reliability assessment of commercial one-shot devices and systems, such as vehicle airbags and other safety-critical one-shot systems. REFFERENCES: 1) David Hosmer and Stanley Lemeshow, Applied Logistic Regression, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000. 2) Elizabeth King and Thomas Ryan, ?A preliminary investigation of maximum likelihood logistic regression versus exact logistic regression?, The American Statistician, August 2000. 3) John Orme and Cheryl Buehler, ?Introduction to multiple regression for categorical and limited dependent variables?, Social Work Research, March 2001. 4) Robert Oster, ?An examination of statistical software packages for categorical data analysis using exact methods?, The American Statistician, August 2002. 5) Jerry Lawless, ?Statistics in Reliability?, Journal of the American Statistical Association, September 2000. KEYWORDS: binary logistic regression, reliability, stockpile reliability, statistics, one-shot devices A03-153 TITLE: Advanced Gel Propellent Fuel TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Weapons ACQUISITION PROGRAM: THAAD Project Office OBJECTIVE: Develop an advanced fuel gel that contains more energy per unit volume, atomizes more readily for improved combustion efficiency, and retains the stability of existing fuel gels. DESCRIPTION: The current baseline fuel for gel propulsion systems is monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) gelled with a polymeric gellant. The objective of this topic is to develop a MMH-based advanced fuel gel that provides higher volumetric specific impulse (r*Isp), incorporates a combustible particulate gellant, and has established spray characteristics. The major tasks are: 1) identify a solid fuel additive that increases the density-impulse by at least 25 lbf*s/in3, and produces a minimum signature exhaust; 2) replace the polymeric gellant with a combustible particulate gellant; 3) formulate the solid-loaded fuel gel to meet the standard centrifuge stability test of 30 minutes at 500g acceleration with less than 3% syneresis; 4) demonstrate that the solid-loaded fuel gel withstands an accelerated aging test of 60°C for 6 months without gas evolution or a change in physical properties, 5) determine how surface tension affects wetting of the gellant and solid fuel additive, rheological properties of the gel at high shear rates, and spray formation; and 6) characterize the combustion with the baseline inhibited red fuming nitric acid gel. Tasks 5 and 6 are the principle objectives of this topic and are expected to receive the most attention. Task 5 should include, but not be limited to, determining how surface tension affects: 1) the amount of syneresis from the centrifuge stability test; 2) the apparent viscosity at 100,000 s-1; and 3) the average spray droplet diameter. Task 6 should include, but not be limited to, the mapping of gravimetric specific impulse (Isp) and volumetric specific impulse as a function of mixture ratio and surface tension. The engine tests will be performed at a constant temperature near ambient. PHASE I: Identify a minimum of 5 candidate formulations. These should be supported by predictions of gravimetric and volumetric specific impulses determined with a propulsion industry accepted thermochemical code. The procedure needed to study surface tension will be prepared and will include how to determine the surface tension of MMH with the gellant, solid additive, engine injector, and air (the composition of the combustion chamber gases at engine start-up), and how to determine the average spray particle size. A preliminary engine test plan will be prepared that contains the test matrix and analysis procedure. The formulation study will be initiated. PHASE II: Formulation studies will be completed and a minimum of three formulations with different surface tension properties will be selected for further evaluation. The surface tension study will be performed to determine how this property affects physical properties and spray formation. The engine test plan will be finalized and tests performed to determine the dependence of engine performance on mixture ratio and surface tension (spray droplet size). The engine tests will provide data for at least four mixture ratios using the formulations selected at the end of the formulation task. A final formulation will be selected based on the results from Phase II. PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: Gel bi-propulsion systems can be used by NASA for launch vehicles, spacecraft, and satellites. They are applicable for simple boosters as well as where variable thrust is required. The increased safety of gels over hypergolic liquids decreases the hazards of manned space flights and ground operations. For instance, a single engine could be used for changing from low to high earth orbit as well as precision positioning of the satellite for operational purposes, such as detecting leaking dams or mapping crop infestations. An advanced fuel gel formulation can also be for Air Force, Navy and MDA propulsion systems. OPERATING AND SUPPORT COST (OSCR) REDUCTION: An advanced gel propellant fuel would minimize propellant volume for developing gel propulsion systems, such as a single advanced missile that could replace several single use systems currently deployed. Such a system would greatly reduce logistics and training costs. The precision of the thrust control provided by gel engines increases kill probability and multi-mission flexibility, thereby reducing the number of missiles needed in the arsenal. The savings to the government could exceed 1 billion dollars if a single missile using a gel propulsion system replaces several existing systems. REFERENCES: 1) George P. Sutton, “Rocked Propulsion Elements: an introduction to the engineering of rockets.” 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2001. KEYWORDS: fuel gel, particulate gellant, surface tension, rheology, spray formation, accelerated aging, monomethyl hydrazine, engine testing A03-154 TITLE: Advanced Gel Bipropulsion Tank System TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Weapons ACQUISITION PROGRAM: THAAD Project Offic OBJECTIVE: Develop an advanced gel bipropulsion tank system (ATS) that contains mechanically linked pistons to guarantee a constant volumetric Oxidizer-to-Fuel (O/F) ratio. DESCRIPTION: The key elements of this program are to design, fabricate, and demonstrate an innovative tank design that maximizes volumetric efficiency, minimizes volume, weight, and cost, and mechanically links the two pistons to assure that the tank delivers the oxidizer and fuel gels at a constant ratio at temperatures ranging from -40° to +63° C. PHASE I: Develop three innovative preliminary gel bipropulsion tank system designs for the Army baseline monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) fuel and inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA) gels. The systems are to be 7 inches in diameter, 15 inches long, and have an O/F mixture ratio of 2.5. One of the designs will be using a central solid gas generator with the mechanically linked fuel and oxidizer pistons moving in opposite directions. The second design will have tandem tanks with a forward placed solid gas generator that pushes mechanically linked pistons toward the engine. The third design will be have coaxial tanks with a forward placed solid gas generator that pushes mechanically linked pistons toward the rear. All three designs will feature a pressure relief system for both the oxidizer and fuel gels to assure passing Insensitive Munitions (IM) requirements. PHASE II: The government will select which design is most attractive for tactical missile systems at the beginning of Phase II. The final design of the ATS will be prepared optimizing all parameters and considering material compatibility with the propellants. A prototype ATS system will be fabricated and tested at AMCOM to demonstrate its performance. This prototype will substitute cold gas for the solid gas generator; however, the volume and interfaces to the rest of the ATS will be identical. PHASE III: With funding from a specific missile program or development office, six flight-weight ATS systems will be fabricated for bullet and fragment impact, slow and fast cook-off, and sympathetic detonation IM testing and a final proof-of-principle hot-fire test using a solid gas generator and a vortex engine furnished by the government. PHASE III DUAL-USE APPLICATIONS: Gel bipropulsion systems can be used by NASA on launch vehicles, spacecraft, and satellites. They are applicable for simple boosters as well as where variable thrust is required. The increased safety of gel engines can reduce the number of engines on spacecraft. For instance, a single engine could be used for changing from low to high earth orbits as well as precision positioning of the satellite for operational purposes, such as detecting leaking dams or mapping crop infestations. The precision of the ATS in delivering gels to thrusters at a constant volumetric O/F ratio will be very attractive to space applications, although a different pressurization system would probably be desired. ATS tanks would also be applicable to Air Force, Navy, and MDA systems because they, also, have size and weight constraints and IM requirements. OPERATING AND SUPPORT COST (OSCR) REDUCTION: An ATS would minimize the cost and schedule for the development of a single advanced missile that could replace several single use systems currently deployed. Such a system would greatly reduce logistics and training costs. The precision of the thrust control provided by gel engines increases kill probability and multi-mission flexibility, thereby reducing the number of missiles needed in the arsenal. The savings to the government could exceed 1 billion dollars if a single missile using a gel propulsion system replaces several existing systems. If multiple systems are to be retained, a common set of engine hardware could be integrated into TOW, Javelin, Hellfire, Common Missile, NLOS-LS, and possibly Stinger type missile systems. REFERENCES: 1) George P. Sutton, “Rocket Propulsion Elements: an introduction to the engineering of rockets,” 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2001. KEYWORDS: Bipropellant Tanks, Gelled Propellants, Unique Design, Constant O/F Delivery Tanks A03-155 TITLE: Development of Medic Blood Pack TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Biomedical ACQUISITION PROGRAM: DSA, MRMC OBJECTIVE: Development of medic blood pack – mobile blood storage containerfor blood product transport and use forward of the Forward Surgical Team DESCRIPTION: Recent military experiences in Afghanistan and the Middle East have demonstrated a need for lightweight storage containers for carrying blood products, such as packed red blood cells, far forward of the Forward Surgical Team (FST). Current doctrine governing rapid deployment and intense conflict include an expectation of delayed troop evacuation times of at least 24-48 hrs. While the proper use of body armor by Special Operations troops has resulted in a higher proportion of extremity wounds, soldiers continue to die of exsanguination from wounds received at plate junctions and other unprotected areas. Bleeding from such wounds (e.g., transit of the hip girdle by a high velocity round) often cannot be fully controlled at the point of injury, but life-saving survival times likely can be gained by availability of a vascular volume expanding oxygen carrier such as packed red blood cells. The wounded soldier can then make it to evacuation to the FST, where he/she can subsequently be stabilized. In this scenario there is a requirement for a light, thermally efficient container that can maintain blood product units within required temperature ranges (1 to 10 Deg C for packed red blood cells) for a minimum of 48 hrs, 72 hrs for a proper margin of safety, under extreme environmental conditions (-20 to +40 Deg C). Medics would carry 5 to 6 units of such a blood product. Size and weight limitations therefore dictate that the container must be only slightly larger than the aggregate blood product units and be capable of maintaining unit temperatures within the required range without doubling the weight load or requiring ice. Recent advances in thermal barrier material technologies open up the possibility that a container (hard shell, insulated, and light-weight) can be constructed that would allow medics to carry 5 to 6 units of packed red blood cells far forward in the absence of ice, an external power source, or batteries. Advances in thermal measuring technologies hold out the additional possibility that a temperature-recording device could be incorporated into the design. PHASE I: Identify lightweight materials that will be capable of maintaining 5 to 6 units (up to 500 ml each) of packed red blood cells within the required temperature range (1 to 10 Deg C) for 48 to 72 hrs without ice. Identify an appropriate outside shell material for such an insulated container. Design and construct a container with these materials that will no more than double the weight of the aggregate units and demonstrate temperature-maintaining efficiency under extreme external conditions (-20 to +40 Deg C). Size must be such that the container can be adapted to attach to a standard military-issue field pack or easily carried with a shoulder or waste strap. Ideally, the unit will integrate with the army's new MOLLE system, a description of which can be found at SBCCOM ONLINE (see www.natick.army.mil/warrior/01/sepoct/packitup.htm). Identify a temperature-monitoring device that can be integrated into the blood pack. MRMC assets and protocols are already in place that can support evaluation of red cell unit storage in this phase of the project. PHASE II: Demonstrate efficacy of the storage container in extending non-refrigerated red blood cell storage time by maintaining unit temperatures within the prescribed range under extreme conditions. Perform or participate in clinical laboratory testing of units stored under field-simulated conditions (validation of box and contents). Incorporate temperature sensing/recording device and demonstrate workability and durability. Since FDA requirements only stipulate that red blood cell units have to be maintained within the stated temperature range it is not anticipated that clinical trials will be necessary to field this device. PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: Produce and support use of such a storage container during its introduction into clinical use. Addresses a market for provision of current and future (e.g., hemoglobin-based red cell substitutes) blood products in rural and disaster care situations where refrigeration is not available. REFERENCES: 1) TM 8-227-11 (Operational Procedures for the Armed Services Program Elements). 2) TM 8-227-12 (Armed Services Blood Program Joint Blood Program Handbook).
A03-156 TITLE: Skeletal Muscle Water Content Measurement Sensor/Tool TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Human Systems ACQUISITION PROGRAM: DSA,MRMC RATIONALE: Body water balance (hydration status) depends on the net difference between water gain and water loss. Water gain occurs from consumption (fluids, ingested food) and production (metabolic water), while water losses occur from respiratory, skin, renal and gastrointestinal tract losses. Total body water (TBW) is the “Gold Standard” to determine hydration status, and is accurately determined by dilution of a variety of indicators. Repeated measurements are required to access TBW changes. The technical requirements and cost for repeated measurements with dilution methods make them impractical for routine assessment of TBW changes. Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) has been used, but does not have the resolution to measure hydration changes and is confounded by many factors normally encountered by soldiers. Plasma osmolaltiy provides the best hydration marker for hyperosmotic-hypovolemic dehydration, but is not an acceptable marker for iso-osmotic-hypovolemia dehydration. Other hydration markers of plasma and urine are not quantitative and can be easily confounded. Muscle provides the largest body reservoir for water and it will decrease with dehydration. The developed sensor should be able to track reductions in muscle water content (wet/dry weight ratio) and reductions in TBW (dilution, body weight & other appropriate indices). Directory: osbp -> sbir -> solicitations solicitations -> Army sbir 09. 1 Proposal submission instructions dod small Business Innovation (sbir) Program solicitations -> Navy sbir fy09. 1 Proposal submission instructions solicitations -> Army 16. 3 Small Business Innovation Research (sbir) Proposal Submission Instructions solicitations -> Air force 12. 1 Small Business Innovation Research (sbir) Proposal Submission Instructions solicitations -> Army 14. 1 Small Business Innovation Research (sbir) Proposal Submission Instructions solicitations -> Navy small business innovation research program submitting Proposals on Navy Topics solicitations -> Navy small business innovation research program solicitations -> Armament research, development and engineering center solicitations -> Army 17. 1 Small Business Innovation Research (sbir) Proposal Submission Instructions solicitations -> Navy 11. 3 Small Business Innovation Research (sbir) Proposal Submission Instructions Download 1.85 Mb. Share with your friends:
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