a 31 samples, b 21 samples
c Experimental linear retention indices relative to homologous n-alkanes C8–C40 obtained on UB-Wax column.
tr = trace (<0.1%).
s.d. standard deviation
RI: Linear retention indices on UB-wax column. MS: mass spectrometry. AS: Retention indices of pure authentic samples.
Table S2: Mean and range of the chemical composition of the essential oil of mature galls of P. atlantica.
Compounds
|
|
Range variationa
|
|
RIb
|
Identification
|
|
|
min
|
max
|
mean
|
sd
|
|
|
|
Tricyclene
|
|
tr
|
1.1
|
0.4
|
0.5
|
|
1011
|
MS, RI
|
α-Pinene
|
|
9.6
|
30.3
|
16.4
|
9.4
|
|
1025
|
MS, RI
|
Camphene
|
|
1.6
|
3.5
|
2.4
|
0.8
|
|
1063
|
MS, RI
|
β-Pinene
|
|
2.4
|
9.1
|
6.5
|
3.2
|
|
1106
|
MS, RI
|
Sabinene
|
|
0.3
|
4.8
|
1.5
|
2.2
|
|
1119
|
MS, RI
|
Verbenene
|
|
tr
|
0.3
|
0.1
|
0.2
|
|
1125
|
MS, RI
|
δ-3-Carene
|
|
tr
|
0.5
|
0.1
|
0.3
|
|
1147
|
MS, RI
|
Myrcene
|
|
tr
|
1.2
|
0.8
|
0.5
|
|
1165
|
MS, RI. AS
|
α-Phellandrene
|
|
tr
|
1.4
|
0.9
|
0.6
|
|
1169
|
MS, RI
|
α-Terpinene
|
|
tr
|
3.4
|
1.1
|
1.6
|
|
1187
|
MS, RI
|
Limonene
|
|
1.0
|
2.2
|
1.9
|
0.6
|
|
1205
|
MS, RI
|
β-Phellandrene
|
|
0.3
|
1.1
|
0.6
|
0.5
|
|
1214
|
MS, RI, AS
|
γ-Terpinene
|
|
0.2
|
5.3
|
1.6
|
2.5
|
|
1247
|
MS, RI
|
p-Cymene
|
|
0.1
|
5.9
|
2.3
|
2.8
|
|
1274
|
MS, RI
|
α-Terpinolene
|
|
tr
|
2.2
|
0.7
|
1.0
|
|
1296
|
MS, RI
|
β-Thujone
|
|
tr
|
1.4
|
0.6
|
0.7
|
|
1450
|
MS, RI
|
Linalool
|
|
0.2
|
0.5
|
0.3
|
0.2
|
|
1557
|
MS, RI, AS
|
Bornyl acetate
|
|
0.6
|
2.4
|
1.3
|
0.8
|
|
1591
|
MS, RI
|
Terpinen-4-ol
|
|
10.1
|
13.1
|
11.4
|
1.4
|
|
1617
|
MS, RI, AS
|
Aromadendrene
|
|
tr
|
0.8
|
0.4
|
0.5
|
|
1621
|
MS, RI
|
allo-Aromadendrene
|
|
0.5
|
1.6
|
1.2
|
0.5
|
|
1661
|
MS, RI
|
E-Pinocarveol
|
|
0.3
|
2.9
|
1.3
|
1.2
|
|
1670
|
MS, RI
|
α-Terpineol
|
|
4.8
|
10.3
|
7.8
|
2.8
|
|
1707
|
MS, RI, AS
|
Bicyclogermacrene
|
|
0.6
|
7.2
|
4.0
|
3.7
|
|
1751
|
MS, RI
|
Globulol
|
|
tr
|
3.6
|
1.3
|
1.7
|
|
2076
|
MS, RI, AS
|
Viridiflorol
|
|
tr
|
1.6
|
0.9
|
0.8
|
|
2104
|
MS, RI
|
Spathulenol
|
|
2.0
|
5.8
|
4.3
|
1.6
|
|
2143
|
MS, RI
|
γ-Eudesmol
|
|
0.3
|
1.3
|
1.0
|
0.5
|
|
2164
|
MS, RI
|
Isospathulenol
|
|
0.6
|
2.1
|
1.1
|
0.7
|
|
2245
|
MS, RI
|
Phytol
|
|
tr
|
1.7
|
0.8
|
0.9
|
|
2624
|
MS, RI, AS
|
Palmitic acid
|
|
0.3
|
2.0
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
|
2912
|
MS, RI
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monoterpenes HC
|
|
24.6
|
62.8
|
36.9
|
17.5
|
|
|
|
Oxygenated monoterpenes
|
|
19.6
|
26.3
|
22.5
|
2. 8
|
|
|
|
Total monoterpenes
|
|
50.9
|
82.4
|
59.4
|
15.4
|
|
|
|
Sesquiterpenes HC
|
|
1.5
|
9.6
|
5.6
|
4.6
|
|
|
|
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes
|
|
3.2
|
12.1
|
8.6
|
3.8
|
|
|
|
Other compounds
|
|
1.4
|
1.7
|
1.6
|
0.9
|
|
|
|
Fatty acids
|
|
0.3
|
2.0
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EO yield % (v/w)
|
|
0.08
|
0.15
|
0.12
|
0.05
|
|
|
|
a Range variation based on 6 different samples of essential oils.
b Experimental linear retention indices relative to homologous n-alkanes C8–C40 obtained on UB-Wax column.
tr = trace (<0.1%).
s.d. standard deviation
RI: Linear retention indices on UB-wax column. MS: mass spectrometry. AS: Retention indices of pure authentic samples.
References
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Delazar A, Reid R, Sarker S. 2004. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil from the oleoresin of Pistacia atlantica var. mutica. Chem Nat Compd. 40:24-27.
Flamini G, Bader A, Cioni PL, Katbeh-Bader A, Morelli I. 2004. Composition of the essential oil of leaves, galls, and ripe and unripe fruits of Jordanian Pistacia palaestina Boiss. J Agric Food Chem. 52:572-576.
Gourine N, Bombarda I, Yousfi M, Gaydou EM. 2010. Chemotypes of Pistacia atlantica leaf essential oils from Algeria. Nat Prod Comm. 5:115-120.
Hamdan I, Afifi F. 2004. Studies on the in vitro and in vivo hypoglycemic activities of some medicinal plants used in treatment of diabetes in Jordanian traditional medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 93:117-121.
Martinez J-J. 2008. Impact of a gall-inducing aphid on Pistacia atlantica Desf. trees. Arthropod-Plant Interactions. 2:147-151.
Mecherara-Idjeri S, Hassani A, Castola V, Casanova J. 2008. Composition of leaf, fruit and gall essential oils of Algerian Pistacia atlantica Desf. J Essent Oil Res. 20:215-219.
Tzakou O, Bazos I, Yannitsaros A. 2007. Volatile metabolites of Pistacia atlantica Desf. from Greece. Flav Frag J. 22:358-362.
Yaltirik F. 1988. Pistacia L. In: Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. Edinburgh University Press. p. 544–548.
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