Swainson, 1830 subtribe iolaina riley, 1958 Iolaus pallene. Photo courtesy Jeremy Dobson
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- Distribution
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- Flight period
- Iolaus (Epamera) pollux
- Early stages
| Type locality: Zimbabwe: “Southern Rhodesia, Odzi River, Hot Springs”.
Diagnosis: Closest to I. aemulus. In I. penningtoni the underside stripes are orange-yellow, not red, and are much broader; on the hindwing underside the postdiscal stripe is straight (slightly wavy in aemulus) (Pringle, et al., 1994). Distribution: Zambia (south), Zimbabwe, Botswana (Larsen, unpublished ms, 1995). Specific localities: Zambia – Choma (A. Gardiner) (Heath, et al., 2002). Zimbabwe – a km to the east of the tarred road through Hot Springs (Pennington; TL); Chimanimani Junction, south of Mutare (Cookson); Great Dyke Pass, 60 km west of Harare (M. Gardiner); Dete, near Hwange (Pinhey); Umvumvumvu (D. and R. Plowes). Common name: Pennington’s sapphire. Habitat: Savanna. Habits: Males hilltop, coming up some time after midday, and selecting perches on bare twigs at the top of the highest trees. The males are fast fliers, noticeably so when compared to those of the closely related I. aemulus. Females are seldom encountered; they fly lower down, fluttering around the larval host-plant (Pringle, et al., 1994). Flight period: Sep Dec Mar Early stages: Gardiner, A., in Pringle, et al., 1994: 160 [as Iolaus (Epamera) penningtoni; locality not specified; probably Choma, Zambia (Heath, et al., 2002)]. "The life history of this insect has finally been traced, and it has been bred by several collectors. According to Gardiner, the female usually lays her eggs singly on the flowers of the foodplant and only occasionally on young shoots, or at the base of a leaf. Young larvae feed exclusively on the flowers, though, when mature, may occasionally feed on the leaves as well. They vary in colour from green to pinkish orange, depending on the colour of the flowers upon which they are feeding." Larval food: Helixanthera kirkii (Oliv.) Danser (Loranthaceae) [A. Gardiner, in Pringle, et al., 1994: 160; on flowers; locality not specified; probably Choma, Zambia (Heath, et al., 2002)]. Helixanthera garciana (Engl.) Danser (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Bampton, 2000: 35; on flowers]. Iolaus (Epamera) pollux Aurivillius, 1895 Jolaus (Epamera) pollux Aurivillius, 1895. Entomologisk Tidskrift 16: 213 (195-220, 255-268). Type locality: Cameroon: “Itoki, N’Dian”. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Zambia. Apparently misattributed to the Liberia fauna (Larsen, 2005a). Common name: Pollux sapphire. Habitat: Forest. Habits: Rare in Ivory Coast but somewhat commoner in Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). Like I. neavei it sometimes flies low down, settling on vegetation on the edge of forest paths (Congdon and Collins, 1998). Larsen (2005a) noted both sexes evincing the same “diving” behaviour as I. cytaeis in the Oban Hills (see latter species). The “diving” behaviour started at 14:00 and Larsen was at a loss to explain its purpose. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Agelanthus krausei (Engl.) Polh. & Wiens (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Bampton, 2000: 35]. Iolaus (Epamera) pollux pollux Aurivillius, 1895 Jolaus (Epamera) pollux Aurivillius, 1895. Entomologisk Tidskrift 16: 213 (195-220, 255-268). Type locality: Cameroon: “Itoki, N’Dian”. Distribution: Nigeria (south and Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Nigeria – Kagoro Forest (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). parva Bethune-Baker, 1926 (as sp. of Iolaus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 17: 395 (384-402). Cameroon: “Bitje, Cameroons, 2000 ft”. Iolaus (Epamera) pollux albocaerulea (Riley, 1929) Epamera pollux albocaerulea Riley, 1929 in Eltringham, 1929. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 77: 497 (475-504).  Directory: downloads downloads -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations downloads -> Dynatest 3031 lwd light Weight Deflectometer downloads -> Forth coming competitive exams downloads -> Brush High School Morning Announcements Friday, September 05, 2014 all school downloads -> Year 9 The Arts — Music downloads -> Years 7 and 8 standard elaborations — Australian Curriculum: Music draft downloads -> Chris Young sets 2016 “I’m Comin’ Over” Tour headlining dates downloads -> Slavery and Abolition: the Plymouth Connection Introduction downloads -> Summer Assignment Download 35.64 Mb. Share with your friends:
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