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- Game Structures
- Arbitrary Structures
- The Walking Tour as Narrative
- Digital Disorder
- Mediocrity and risk
- Section: The Wider World Chapter 8 – The Connected Shall Inherit
Wandering wandering, stumbling - serendipitor Whether we click on an unfamiliar Twitter tag or explore someone else's annotations of a city map, we're choosing to stray from our ordinary path. Cities offer multiple ways to wander, as well as a philosophical stance - the flâneur - that prizes wandering as strategy for encountering the city. I think two particular forms of structured wandering have strong potential to be useful in wandering through online spaces. Game Structures Another way to wander in a city is to treat it as a game board. I'm less likely to explore Vancouver by following a curated map than I am by searching for geocaches. Within five kilometers of this conference center, there are 140 packages hidden somewhere in plain sight, each containing a logbook to sign and, possibly, mementos to trade with fellow players. As a geocacher, it's something of a moral imperative to find as many of those caches as time allows during your visit to an unfamiliar city. In the process, you're likely to stray far from the established tourist sites of the city, if only because it's hard to hide caches in such busy places. Instead, you'll end up in forgotten corners, and often in places where the person who placed the cache wanted you to see something unexpected, historic or beautiful. Geocaching is its own peculiar form of community annotation, where the immediate goal is leaving your signature on someone else's logbook, but the deeper goal is encouraging you to explore in a way you otherwise wouldn't. Other games make explicit the connection of exploring to expanding civic capital. SF0, founded by a trio of Chicagoans transplanted to San Francisco, was designed to encourage players to discover things they’d never seen or done in the city, in a way that encouraged independence and exploration. Their game, SF0, invites you to score points by carrying out tasks, many of which are surreal, silly or surprising. You score by documenting your "praxis" and posting photos, videos and other evidence of the intervention. What's so exciting to me about the game is how many tasks are specifically designed to encourage encounters with unfamiliar people or locations - one task requires you to convince total strangers to invite you into their house for dinner. The players who've completed the task report that it was surprisingly easy and that their hosts seemed to appreciate the random, unexpected contact as much as the players did. (More musings on SF0 in this blog post.) Arbitrary Structures Not all games are played by groups. Many years ago, Jonathan Gold set up a game mechanic for himself the year he decided to eat at every restaurant along Pico Boulevard in Los Angeles. The resulting article, "The Year I Ate Pico", is an amazing exploration of the diversity of ethnic food available in that city, and his path down Pico helped launch his Counter Intelligence column for the LA Weekly. That work that eventually won him a Pulitzer, the first one awarded to a food critic. I see some of the same mechanics in the wonderfully strange project, "International Death Metal Month", where the curators are mining YouTube to find death metal bands in each of 195 UN-recognized nations. Perhaps Botswanan death metal is unlikely to become your personal cup of tea, but using your set of interests as a lens through which to view the world is a time-honored xenophilic tactic used by the likes of Anthony Bourdain or Dhani Jones. possibility of chance encounter through entirely random mixing name days in Ghana birth month groups The Walking Tour as Narrative A few weeks ago, I met an old friend for lunch in New York City. In the twenty years since we'd last met, he'd become a leading figure in the US Communist Party (an organization that, I confess, I thought had disappeared sometime in the late 1960s). As we walked from a restaurant to his office, across from the legendary Chelsea Hotel, he pointed to otherwise unremarkable office and apartment buildings and told me stories about the unions that had built them, the tenants' rights struggles that had unfolded, the famous Communists, Socialists and labor activists who'd slept, worked and partied under each roof. Our twenty block walk became a curated tour of the city, an idiosyncratic map that caused me to look closely at buildings that would otherwise have been background noise. I begged him to turn his tour of the city into an annotated map, a podcast walking tour, anything that would allow a broader audience to look at the city through his lens, and I hope he will. walking tour as narrative Digital Disorder There's a danger in taking these geographic metaphors too far. As attractive as we can make the game mechanics, as compelling as we can make the curation, it still takes a long time to get from the Bronx to Staten Island. One ability we have in digital spaces is to change proximities - we can sort bits any way we want to, to reshuffle our cities any way we can imagine. We can create neighborhoods that are all waterfront, all park, all brick buildings, all eight story buildings built in 1920 and discover who and what we encounter in these new spaces. My friends at the Harvard Library Innovation Lab have been experimenting with reshuffling the library shelve, one of the most powerful structures we have to encourage constructive stumbling through an information landscape. Sorted by subject, we start with what we think we want to know and expand our search visually, broadening the topics we consider as our eyes move away from our initial search. As we scan the stacks, there's information available about a book from its appearance - its age, its size. Width tells us whether the volume is brief or long, height is often a hint at whether a book contains pictures, as tall books tend to feature colored photos. ShelfLife, a new tool developed at the Lab, offers the ability to reshelve books using these physical factors - size, width, height, age - as well as by data like subject, author, popularity with a group of professors or a group of students. The goal is to take what's useful about physical ways of organizing and the implicit information conveyed in those schemes and combine it with the flexibility or organizing digital information. Combining the insights we may find from studying the organization of cities with the ability to reshuffle and sort digitally may let us think about designing online spaces for serendipity in different and powerful ways. Mediocrity and risk nate kurz and the problems with collaborative filtering the danger of reducing risk - too many review, too much information, too much filtering nate's approach to sorbet encourage risk works well, if you can offer people samples Almond Pink Peppercorn Anaheim Chile Sugar Snap Pea Fennel Citrus Nectarine Habenero Rhubarb Ginger Coconut Thai Basil
outsourcing on a global scale, youtube as an international cultural marketplace. impossible but for existing deep ties between US and Philippines, cultural pattern of adoption (tongues like parrots) twist is that the band is now massively popular in the Philippines, release of video like in Manila
the struggle to be the next amsterdam - dubai, singapore, hong kong possibly cover enemies of connection as well? multiculturalism within the Obama administration Bridge figures are uniquely placed to thrive in a connected world. Corporations increasingly seek out bridge figures who can help them navigate complex international markets, like Coca Cola's Mukhtar Kent, the son of a Turkish diplomat, raised in the US. This ability to interact across borders may be even more critical in international politics. The shift in US foreign policy towards diplomacy and away from military has coincided with the appointment of several cultural bridge figures to senior posts. Senior advisor Valerie Jarrett was raised in Iran, treasury secretary Timothy Geitner grew up in Zimbabwe and India, and the president spent formative years in Indonesia. It’s reasonable to speculate that the foreign policy shaped by bridge figures could be very different from that shaped by Obama's predecessor, who had rarely left the country before his election. previous section offers thoughts on how we might rewire the internet and the media to increase connection, but it’s a greater societal challenge as well Amsterdam as a global crossroads, Singapore as a latter-day reflection At the turn of the 17th century, the Netherlands became the center of the modern world by aggressively encouraging connection. By allowing religious minorities to own land, property and worship, the Netherlands attracted heretics from around the world, some of whom built great commercial empires, others who built academic institutions like the University of Leiden. The nation became a center for banking, trade, weaving and the birthplace of the modern corporation. In more recent times, Singapore became the wealthiest nation in Asia by inviting massive investment from China, the US, the Philippines, Malaysia, and sharing economic growth with its trading partners. Perhaps it’s not a coincidence that the economic advisor who helped lead this transformation was Dutch economist Albert Winsemius, who visited Singapore on a UN mission shortly after the nation achieved independence, and became an unpaid advisor to the country for more than 25 years. Winsemius advised Singapore to maintain a controversial statue of Sir Thomas Raffles, colonial governor of Singapore, as a symbol of the nation's acceptance of its British legacy and openness to a cosmopolitan future. Kong Kong – Chungking Mansions How we’d built a society for xenophiles and bridges People who are passionate about embracing the wideness of the world are positioned for success in a connected age. Corporations looking for sales in a global market need executives who can connect with customers in different nations. Artists from painters to chefs are weaving diverse cultural influences together into rich, creative fusions. And anyone inclined to tackle the hardest problems of our age – climate change, food and water security, migration – needs to work across cultures. It's not enough to encourage individuals to become xenophiles, to seek out bridge figures and hope for a wider world to emerge. We need to rewire our tools so they enable serendipity, make translation invisible and introduce us to people who can put the wider world in context. But our greatest opportunities come from rethinking our governments and societies as ones that embrace a wider world. A connected society would put education at the center of its curriculum, looking to bridge figures to teach its children about the wider world. It would build an immigration policy focused on mobility for educational and work opportunities, not on family unification. It would put forward a foreign policy focused on negotiation over force and focus on bringing down obstacles to trade and the free flow of ideas. If we are convinced that we want a wider world, we need to do more than change our reading habits. We need to reform the institutions – political, commercial and social – that keep us from experiencing the world in its complexity and diversity. Our challenge and our opportunity is to rewire the world and inherit the future. i http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-vines/live-updates-protesters-s_b_823836.html#, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/26/us/26madison.html, http://ibuyyoubuy.wordpress.com/2011/02/21/a-protest-fueled-by-pizza/ ii http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-vines/live-updates-protesters-s_b_823836.html iiihttp://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10150398365725048&set=a.10150200994025048.441676.187063310047&theater iv http://blogs.aljazeera.net/americas/2011/02/25/standoff-wisconsin-square v http://motherjones.com/politics/2011/02/egypt-madison-ians-pizza, http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0211/49888.html vi http://twitpic.com/419nfm, http://www.michaelmoore.com/words/must-read/statement-kamal-abbas vii http://mashable.com/2011/03/05/al-jazeera-digital/, http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/28/tv-crews-struggle-in-egyptian-chaos/ viii http://andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com/2011/06/the-evil-in-damascus-ctd.html, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jun/13/syrian-lesbian-blogger-tom-macmaster?CMP=twt_fd ix http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/06/14/the_dark_closet?page=0,1 x http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-13747761 xi https://twitter.com/#!/HalaGorani/status/80027103407513600, https://twitter.com/#!/HalaGorani/status/80026845784965120 xii http://www.ethanzuckerman.com/blog/2011/06/13/understanding-amina/ xiii http://www.seankerrigan.com/docs/PersonaManagementSoftware.pdf xiv http://www.pbs.org/wnet/need-to-know/the-daily-need/octavia-nasr-u-s-media-missed-the-anatomy-of-tunisias-revolution/6668/ xv http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/02/04/world/main7317044.shtml xvi from Standage, “The Victorian Internet” xvii http://earlyradiohistory.us/1912mar.htm xviii from Colliers, 1926, in http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_mcluhan.htm xix Langdon Winner, “Sows Ears from Silk Purses”, in Technological Visions xx http://www.godfatherof.nl/kremvax.html xxihttp://groups.google.com/group/comp.mail.misc/browse_thread/thread/085b506ec3a36732/e525147800d1b30f?pli=1 xxii http://catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/K/kremvax.html xxiii Barlow, Declaration of Independence of Cyberspace xxiv Personal correspondence with Howard Rheingold xxv Marx, the Poverty of Philosophy xxvii Winner, “artifact” in Daedalus xxviii Woolgar and Cooper, Bernward Joerges xxix http://www.techlawjournal.com/trade/20000309.htm xxx http://iis-db.stanford.edu/evnts/6349/MacKinnon_Libtech.pdf xxxi http://www.douglasadams.com/dna/19990901-00-a.html xxxii http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-10/uoa-hpo102507.php, http://www.avert.org/origin-aids-hiv.htm xxxiii http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/21/health/research/21prof.html, Nathan's TED talk xxxiv http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE69S37320101030 xxxv http://www.pablopicasso.org/pablo-picasso-african-period.jsp xxxvi http://www.apollo-magazine.com/reviews/books/386241/art-that-scared-picasso.thtml xxxvii http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2006/mar/15/art xxxviii see Marilyn Martin, "Picasso and Africa" xxxix A vast pile of Fiji references: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/magazine/01wwln-consumed-t.html http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/07/business/07fiji.html http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/04/17/2546078.htm http://www.polarisinstitute.org/fiji_water_spin_the_bottle http://www.answers.com/topic/fiji-water-llc http://www.smh.com.au/news/Business/Hollywood-couple-buys-Fiji-Water-for-63m/2004/11/29/1101577419156.html xl http://www.daily.pk/half-of-india%E2%80%99s-population-lives-below-the-poverty-line-19568/ xli http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774367,00.html xlii http://www.sourcemap.org/trace/denim-jeans xliii http://www.ers.usda.gov/amberwaves/february08/datafeature/ xliv http://www.cattlenetwork.com/cattle-news/company/Wal-Marts-US-grocery-sales-rose-to-nearly-141-billion-last-year-119064289.html xlv http://hq-web03.ita.doc.gov/License/Surge.nsf/webfiles/SteelMillDevelopments/$file/exec%20summ.pdf?openelement, http://continuingeducation.construction.com/article.php?L=5&C=645&P=1 xlvi http://www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/letter/2011/el2011-25.html?utm_source=home xlvii Cohen, Imaginary Globalization xlviii Frankel in "Governance in a Globalizing World” xlix http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/02/AR2010060204228.html, http://www.organicconsumers.org/clothes/willallen011504.cfm, Pietra Rivoli's "Journey of a T Shirt" l Global cotton prices spiked well above subsidized levels in late 2010 and early 2011, which means subsidies weren't paid. But there have been few changes to the underlying subsidy system and it's likely that the US will return to subsidizing cotton beyond this market spike. li http://www.uaw.org/story/%E2%80%98take-our-jobs%E2%80%99-please lii stat from Cohen - would love a better cite. Hatton and Williamson, "Global migration and the world economy"? liii http://www.strategicdialogue.org/ISD%20muslims%20media%20WEB.pdf liv http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/about-migration/facts-and-figures/lang/en lv Prichett, "Let their People Come" lvi http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0607/p09s01-coop.html lvii Wolfram Alpha, "country international migrant stock / population", peoplemov.in lviii http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/5994047/Muslim-Europe-the-demographic-time-bomb-transforming-our-continent.html lix http://www.europarl.europa.eu/inddem/docs/papers/The%20demographic%20challenge%20in%20Europe.pdf lx http://pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx lxi Friedman, The World is Flat lxii http://www.forbes.com/2009/03/09/internet-innovations-hive-technology-breakthroughs-innovations.html lxiii http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=108&subsecID=900003&contentID=254052 lxiv http://wwitv.com/tv_channels/b4813.htm lxv Media Standards Trust - Shrinking World lxvi Guy Golan - http://syr.academia.edu/GuyJGolan/Papers/227056/Inter-Media_Agenda_Setting_and_Global_News_Coverage_Assessing_the_Influence_of_The lxvii Miller - Media Makeover lxviii http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Online-News/Part-1/4-Satisfaction-with-coverage-of-different-news-topics.aspx lxix http://people-press.org/report/?pageid=836 lxx The historians are still trying to figure this one out. It’s unclear whether Diogenes and his father, who may have been the treasurer of Sinope, were stealing money, or whether Diogenes defaced currency as a philosophical act of defiance. lxxi Cosmopolitan as a Lived Category, Daedalus lxxii Putnam 2007, "E Pluribus Unum" lxxiii While this makes Appiah sound like a moral relativist, he defends himself from the charge by arguing for universal values that are shared across cultures, if obscured by "taboos" that local in scope and application. lxxiv http://cabspotting.org/projects/intransit/, http://cabspotting.org/faq.html lxxv http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gmdhtml/rrhtml/rrintro.html, Zunz, "Making America Corporate lxxvihttp://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/m.dodge/cybergeography/atlas/atlas.html lxxvii http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/google_maps_gets_smarter_crowdsources_traffic_data.php, http://www.brighthub.com/hubfolio/josh-mcwilliam/articles/46896.aspx lxxviii http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/08/bright-side-of-sitting-in-traffic.html lxxix http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/12/gps-data/ lxxx http://www.zeit.de/datenschutz/malte-spitz-data-retention lxxxi http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/26/business/media/26privacy.html lxxxii http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_46.html lxxxiii http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_46.html lxxxiv % mileage estimate is from BTS 1-40, 2008 passenger miles. % trips works from 2001 estimate of 411 billion trips in http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/html/table_a08.html lxxxv Roberts, S. (2004). Self-experimentation as a source of new ideas: Examples about sleep, mood, health, and weight. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 27, 227-262., http://quantifiedself.com/2011/03/effect-of-one-legged-standing-on-sleep/ lxxxvi http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/02/magazine/02self-measurement-t.html?pagewanted=all lxxxvii http://people-press.org/2010/09/12/americans-spending-more-time-following-the-news/ lxxxviii http://hmi.ucsd.edu/pdf/HMI_2009_ConsumerReport_Dec9_2009.pdf lxxxix http://www.bsos.umd.edu/socy/alan/stats/network-grad/handouts/McPherson-Birds%20of%20a%20Feather-Homophily%20in%20Social%20Networks.pdf xc http://bps-research-digest.blogspot.com/2011/07/we-sit-near-people-who-look-like-us.html xci http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/faculty/wimmer/WimmerLewis.pdf xcii http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/22/nyregion/in-new-york-tickets-ghana-sees-orderly-city.html xciii http://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/08/opinion/an-african-success-story.html xciv Boyer, Peter. "Famine in Ethiopia." Washington Journalism Review 7, January 1985, pp. 18-21. xcv http://www.gwu.edu/~pad/202/readings/disasters.html xcvi Need footnote for McCoombs and Shaw. And might add http://crx.sagepub.com/content/1/2/131.short as critique xcvii http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/08/20118164314283633.html xcviii http://archive.pressthink.org/2009/01/12/atomization.html xcix from Chris Rob, http://www.chrisrob.com/about/gatekeeping.pdf c Shoemaker, Gatekeeping Theory - http://books.google.com/books?id=R2sqByhO5rQC&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16&dq=gieber+1956+gatekeepers&source=bl&ots=aXkoNrWPp-&sig=EsDia8ZSa-FZmQ7MIl5xHO5k25E&hl=en&ei=IKVBTre7GcTm0QH1-9WsCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=gieber%201956%20gatekeepers&f=false ci from Berkowitz, Social Meaning of News - http://books.google.com/books?id=JV0XQUF-o6gC&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=walter+gieber&source=bl&ots=D30hwV-cS0&sig=vjeYLGM0RAhO3gWM_H8XwLi3_nE&hl=en&ei=7aZBTs_oCYjX0QHl343HCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&sqi=2&ved=0CFQQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=walter%20gieber&f=false cii Many Voices One World p.270, rec.77 ciii ibid p.263, rec.47 civ http://www.niemanlab.org/2011/04/the-newsonomics-of-wapos-reader-dashboard-1-0/ cv Safire, "Before the fall: an inside view of the pre-Watergate White House", p. 392 cvi http://www.globaljournalist.org/stories/2010/01/30/is-the-foreign-news-bureau-part-of-the-past/ cvii http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=4985 cviii http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/1994/newspaper-0309.html cix Sunstein, Infotopia, p.188 cx Farrell, Self-Segregation or Deliberation cxi Natalie Glance, Lana Adamic; Eszter Hargittai cxii Horrigan - Internet and Democratic Debate cxiii http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2011/01/social-media-grows-at-ny-times-but-home-page-remains-king013.html cxiv http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/27/us/politics/27voters.html cxv in Allsop et al., "Word Of Mouth Research", 2007 cxvi http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/27/us/politics/27voters.html cxvii http://www.journalism.org/node/25008 cxviii http://developers.facebook.com/blog/post/443 cxix http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/online_mobile/what-americans-do-online-social-media-and-games-dominate-activity/, http://www.comscore.com/layout/set/popup/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2011/2/Social_Networking_Accounts_for_1_of_Every_5_Minutes_Spent_Online_in_Australia cxx http://adage.com/article/adagestat/millennial-grocery-shopping-habits-marketing-trends/228480/ cxxi http://techcrunch.com/2010/04/22/facebook-edgerank/ cxxii Pariser, p.5 cxxiii http://www.seroundtable.com/google-search-bubble-response-13591.html cxxiv http://www.thebigsort.com/maps.php cxxv http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media//Files/Reports/2011/PIP%20-%20Social%20networking%20sites%20and%20our%20lives.pdf cxxvi http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/interactive/2011/mar/22/middle-east-protest-interactive-timeline cxxvii What Makes Online Content Viral?, Journal of Marketing Research cxxviii Preston in NYTimes, March 14, 2011 cxxix http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april03/lavoie/04lavoie.html cxxx http://www.trnmag.com/Stories/2001/112101/English_could_snowball_on_Net_112101.html, http://econ.tau.ac.il/papers/applied/language.pdf cxxxi http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm cxxxii http://twtrcon.com/2011/01/10/over-50-of-chinas-internet-users-regularly-blog-and-use-social-media cxxxiii http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/31/technology/internet/31hindi.html?pagewanted=2 cxxxiv http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704629004576136381178584352.html cxxxv http://www.ethanzuckerman.com/blog/2005/10/10/whos-writing-about-lu-banglie/, http://www.zonaeuropa.com/20050919_1.htm cxxxvi Benkler, WoN p.83 cxxxvii http://82.165.192.89/initial/index.php?id=199 cxxxviii http://mt-archive.info/MTS-2005-Koehn.pdf cxxxix http://moreintelligentlife.com/content/ideas/jm-ledgard/digital-africa?page=full cxli http://www.ted.com/talks/wade_davis_on_endangered_cultures.html cxlii Eliot, Paul Simon: A Life, p.186 cxliii http://www.wbr.com/paulsimon/graceland/cmp/essay.html cxliv Simon's not a perfect person or a perfect xenophile - it's certainly possible to see his work as appropriation. The last two tracks on "Graceland" feature Latino band Los Lobos, who are credited as musicians, not as songwriters. Steven Berlin of Los Lobos claims that "The Myth of Fingerprints" is a song he and his band wrote, titled "By Light of The Moon" and has threatened to sue Simon, calling him "the world's biggest prick, basically." Then again, Berlin hasn't sued Simon... cxlv http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/bhutan/interview.html cxlvi http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/world/asia/06bhutan.html cxlvii http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2003/jun/14/weekend7.weekend2 cxlviii : I'm grateful to my friend and colleague Zeynep Tufekçi for this observation and her help interpreting Granovetter. cxlix Burt (2003) "Structural Holes and Good Ideas" cl http://archive.pressthink.org/2008/08/13/national_explain.html cli http://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2010/07/26/The-Wild-Wile-Web-Ever-Elusive-chinaSMACK-founder-Fauna, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/25/technology/25iht-rshanblog.html?pagewanted=all clii http://www.chinasmack.com/2011/pictures/migrant-workers-children-spend-childhood-scavenging-landfill.html cliii http://www.chinasmack.com/glossary cliv http://humanlibrary.org/the-history.html, http://www.ctvbc.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20110820/bc_surrey_human_library_110820/20110820/?hub=BritishColumbiaHome clv http://vimeo.com/26469276, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/08/business/media/a-push-to-redefine-knowledge-at-wikipedia.html?_r=1 clvi The Sportsman, p. (near end) clvii http://www.ethanzuckerman.com/blog/2010/12/15/wayne-marshall-on-nu-whirled-music-and-my-thoughts-too/ clviii http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/weekly_article/diplo-the-stylus-interview.htm clix The term “baile funk” actually refers to the dances where funk is played – the music is often referred to as “funk carioca” in Brazil. But the term “baile funk” is generally the term used outside Brazil to discuss the music, and I’m following that convention here. clx http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/08/01/050801crmu_music?currentPage=1 clxi http://www.spannered.org/music/1375/ clxii Matt Harding, Where the Hell is Matt, p.77 clxiii ibid, p.143 clxiv http://blog.wherethehellismatt.com/2011/02/auki-solomon-islands.html clxv http://data.worldbank.org/topic/urban-development clxvi http://www.economist.com/node/9070726, https://qed.princeton.edu/getfile.php?f=European_Urbanization_1800.jpg, http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachersGuides/HumanPopulation/Urbanization.aspx, http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007WUP_Highlights_web.pdf clxvii http://www.fidnet.com/~dap1955/dickens/dickens_london.html, http://courses.sph.unc.edu/john_snow/prologue.htm clxviii http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/trail/victorian_britain/social_conditions/victorian_urban_planning_01.shtml clxix http://www.ethanzuckerman.com/blog/2007/04/27/geek-tracking-african-hacking/ clxx http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2010/12/22/everything-the-internet-knows-about-me-because-i-asked-it-to/ clxxi http://delong.typepad.com/sdj/2011/01/wht-future-does-facebook-have.html clxxii http://techcrunch.com/2010/05/02/a-limey-writes/ clxxiii http://fitandfinish.ironworks.com/2010/07/what-designing-cities-teaches-us-about-designing-sites-or-how-not-to-become-the-digital-equivalent-of-tysons-corner.html Directory: papers papers -> From Warfighters to Crimefighters: The Origins of Domestic Police Militarization papers -> The Tragedy of Overfishing and Possible Solutions Stephanie Bellotti papers -> Prospects for Basic Income in Developing Countries: a comparative Analysis of Welfare Regimes in the South papers -> Weather regime transitions and the interannual variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Part I: a likely connection papers -> Fast Truncated Multiplication for Cryptographic Applications papers -> Reflections on the Industrial Revolution in Britain: William Blake and J. M. W. Turner papers -> This is the first tpb on this product papers -> Basic aspects of hurricanes for technology faculty in the United States papers -> Title Software based Remote Attestation: measuring integrity of user applications and kernels Authors Download 0.54 Mb. Share with your friends:
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