Tampa Prep 2009-2010 Impact Defense File

AT: South Korea Prolif

But back to the domestic response in South Korea. Like the South Korean public, other than the two hours immediately following the test, the South Korean stock market remained pretty much unaffected by Pyongyang's actions last week. The country's most important investors seemed to dismiss the idea of a war between the North and South as unlikely, despite the North's rhetoric. As for Seoul's intellectual elite, they have made many political statements this week, but none of them involve North Korea. Instead, these statements involve Lee Myung-bak, as many professors at the country's major universities want him to apologize for prosecuting Roh and to support the basic rights of expression that make the South a democracy. A few statements from domestic civil society organizations did request that North Korea stop its nuclear program, but that was about it in terms of public outcry. Politically, the response has been more heated. Some members of the South Korean Parliament have seriously raised the idea of Seoul pursuing its own nuclear capability. Others want to discuss what options the South Korean government should take if the country's leaders decide the U.S. nuclear umbrella isn't enough to keep Seoul safe. But again, the South Korean people seem opposed to such actions. According to a recent poll done by Mono Research, 67 percent of everyday South Koreans said that Seoul needs to find a peaceful way in which to solve the North Korean nuclear crisis; only 25 percent answered that South Korea should take a strong stand against North Korean military provocations. So I am hopeful that such popular support for peace will lead to a practical process of denuclearization and disarmament on the Korean Peninsula.

AT: Space Colonization

1. Space Colonization is time consuming and dangerous.

Donald F Robertson, space industry journalist, 3/06, http://www.space.com/spacenews/archive06/RobertsonOpEd_030606.html

Two largely unquestioned assumptions long ago took root within the space community. As we prepare to voyage back to Earth's Moon and on to Mars, it is time to question them both. The first assumption is that exploring the Moon, Mars, or any part of the solar system, can be accomplished in a generation or two and with limited loss of life. The second is that we can use robots to successfully understand another world. Both assumptions are almost certainly wrong, yet many important elements of our civil space program are based on one or both of them being correct. To paraphrase Douglas Adams, even within the space community most people don't have a clue how "mind-boggingly big space really is." Most of the major worlds in the solar system have surface areas at least as large as terrestrial continents -- a few are much larger -- and every one of them is unremittingly hostile to human life.Learning to travel confidently through former President John F. Kennedy's "this new ocean" will be difficult, expensive, time-consumingand dangerous.
2. Space Colonization is too expensive to do in a recession era especially when phase one of the plan will cost trillions of dollars.
3. The task is too hard for now because of economic and technical difficulties

Donald F Robertson, space industry journalist, 3/06, http://www.space.com/spacenews/archive06/RobertsonOpEd_030606.html

Mr. Kennedy's rhetoric was more accurate than he probably knew. The only remotely comparable task humanity has faced was learning to travel across our world's oceans. We take trans-oceanic travel for granted, but getting from Neolithic boats to modern freighters cost humanity well over 10,000 years of hard work and uncounted lives. Even today, hundreds of people die in shipping accidents every year. We and our woefully inadequate chemical rockets are like Stone Age tribes folk preparing to cast off in canoes, reaching for barely visible islands over a freezing, storm-tossed, North Atlantic. The salient fact is, while it was much more difficult than most people care to remember, we did learn to ply the oceans, even arctic ones. Space is harder still, but many of the problems are similar: the environment is alien and deadly and most supplies must be carried along. Like our Neolithic friends, we can see our destinations in the distance. With Apollo, we visited the closest island and a series of progressively more sophisticated space stations has demonstrated long-term survival in the shoals close to home. The task may be far harder than we imagine, but it is not impossible.
4. Five alt causalities to space colonization

Pollack, 5 (Susan W., Ms. Pollack graduated as a member of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces class of 2005. Some of her assignments prior to attending ICAF include contracts specialist at the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command and deputy director of the acquisition support cadre at the Missile Defense Agency. She has a Bachelor of Arts degree in international rela­tions from Saint Joseph’s University and has completed the Advanced Program Management Course at the Defense Systems Management College., THE FUTURE OF OUR NATION’S SPACE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA449454&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf)

Second, early outreach programs are vital to developing and sustaining a knowledgeable workforce. The Council on Competitiveness notes that we lose our future scientists and engineers around the junior high school years. 90 Successful outreach initiatives which expose children to the STEM subjects can help to reverse this trend. DoD implements a Starbase program which provides students in K-12 with a week of math and science based simulations and experiments in space-related fields. 91 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration educational outreach program, “Inspiring the Next Generation of Explorers”, influences youths to pursue science and engineering educational opportunities. The Boeing Company’s Summer Science Camp has successfully led students to pursue careers in science and engineering. 92 Third, the Federal government should lift the visa restrictions for foreign students applying to enter the US. Post 9/11 immigration controls have resulted in a 32 percent drop in the number of international student applications in 2004. 93 Foreign students graduating from US universities with degrees in science and engineering have been an important asset in our industry workforce and have contributed to basic science and new innovations. One-third of today’s US workforce of scientists and engineers were born outside the US 94 The challenge regarding foreign students is to find a balance between scientific exploration and security. 95 Fourth, Congress should resist R&D cuts proposed in the President’s FY 2006 budget. Federally-funded research has long been a significant factor in US patent productivity and economic strength. 96 As the government tries to reduce its budget deficits, R&D programs in mathematics and engineering are being reduced. 97 There is a real disconnect between the Administration’s plans for the new space exploration initiative, and the failure to fund basic R&D programs. These programs motivate STEM talent and lead to the innovation our space industry needs for competitive advantage. Congress should also assist entrepreneurs who have plans to build space components, but do not have the capital to go from concept to delivery. Fifth, the nation desperately needs to create an educational system of S&T schools. At a minimum, we should be offering and requiring advanced Earth and space science courses at the middle and high school levels while helping students integrate learning into future careers. Sixth, sufficient training for teachers is critical since they are the ones who inspire and motivate our nation’s children to dream and learn. President Bush’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology recently released a report which recommends improving our country’s K-12 education to ensure future innovation and improve the nation’s STEM capabilities

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