The Power of it survival Guide for the cio
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- Further Reading
- Information Systems
- Production
- Collaboration
- Processes
- Tactics
- Strategy
Online Resources.NET – http://msdn.microsoft.com/net/ AES - http://csrc.nist.gov/encryption/aes/ ANSI - http://www.ansi.org ATM - http://www.atmforum.com Autonomic Computing – http://www.research.ibm.com/autonomic/ Biometry - http://www.biometrics.org Bluetooth – http://www.bluetooth.com Cable Modems – http://www.cable-modems.org Computer Benchmarking - http://www.specbench.org COM/DCOM - http://www.microsoft.com/com/default.asp CORBA - http://www.omg.org Database Benchmarking – http://www.tpc.org DBMS - http://www.dbmsmag.com DSL forum - http://www.dslforum.com DVD, Mulitread – http://www.osta.org EIA - http://www.eia.org Grid Computing - http://www.gridcomputing.com Hardware - http://www.computerworld.com/hardwaretopics/hardware HiperLAN 2 – http://www.etsi.org IEC – http://www.iec.ch IEEE standards - http://standards.ieee.org IETF - http://www.ietf.org Ipv6 - http://www.ipv6.org IrDA – http://www.irda.org ISO - http://www.iso.org ITU – http://www.itu.org JDBC – http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/ MacOS - http://www.apple.com/macosx/ Microprocessors – http://www.amd.com Microprocessors - http://www.intel.com Network wiring - http://www.network.wiring.com Networking - http://www.computerworld.com/networkingtopics/networking ODBC - http://www.microsoft.com/data/odbc/default.htm Open source implementation of UDDI in java – http://www.juddi.org Operating Systems - http://www.computerworld.com/softwaretopics/ PDA – http://www.palm.com SCSI – http://www.scsita.org Security - http://www.w3.org/Security/ Security - http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/security_tools.html Smartcards - http://www.scia.org Storage - http://www.nsic.org Storage - http://searchstorage.techtarget.com Storage networking, SNIA – http://www.snia.org Supercomputing - http://www.top500.org UMTS – http://www.umtsworld.org UMTS forum - http://www.umts-forum.org UNICODE – http://www.unicode.org UNIX - http://www.eco.utexas.edu/Help/UNIXhelp/ USB – http://www.usb.org VDSL Alliance – http://www.vdslalliance.com VDSL Coalition – http://www.vdslcoalition.net WiFi – http://www.weca.net WiFi – http://www.wi-fi.org Wireless LAN Association – http://www.wlana.com
[9] Bourne, S.R., The UNIX System. Addison-Wesley, 1983. [10] Brockschmidt, K., Inside OLE, Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 1993. [11] Chappell, D., Understanding ActiveX and OLE, Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 1996. [12] Covey, S. The Seven habits of highly effective people, Simon & Schuster; 1st edition, 1990. [13] Date, C.J., An Introduction to Database Systems, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,1999. [14] Date, C.J. and Darwen, H., Foundation for Object/Relational Databases: The Third Manifesto, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1998. [15] Krause, M., Harold F. Tipton, H.F., Information Security Management Handbook, Fourth Edition, Volume I, CRC Press - Auerbach Publications; 4th edition, 1999. [16] Orfali, R., Harkey, D., Edwards, J., Instant CORBA, Wiley Computer Publishing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997. [17] Rosen, K.H., Rosinski, R.R., Faber, J.M., Osborne, UNIX System V, An Introduction. McGraw Hill. [18] Seifert, R., The Switch Book, John Wiley & Sons, 2000. [19] Seifert, R., Gigabit Ethernet, Addison Wesley, 1998. [20] Spurgeon, C.E., Ethernet: The Definitive Guide. O'Reilly and Associates. [21] Tanenbaum, A.S., Structured Computer Organization. Prentice Hall, 1990. [22] Tanenbaum, A.S., Computer Networks. Prentice Hall, 1996. [23] Tanenbaum, A.S., Operating Systems: Design and Implementation. Prentice Hall, 1996. [24] Umar, A., Object-Oriented Client/Server Internet Environments, Piscataway, New Jersey, 1997. 3 Information Systems"Information systems will maintain the corporate history, experience and expertise that long-term employees now hold. The information systems themselves - not the people - can become the stable structure of the organization. People will be free to come and go, but the value of their experience will be incorporated in the systems that help them and their successors run the business." (Applegate et al.) Information SystemsAn Information System is a system of functions concerning the acquisition and transfer of data, information, knowledge, understanding, and wisdom. Information Systems are also called applications. According to the Meta Group a typical large corporation depends on 49 different applications to run its business and spends up to a third of its IT budget getting those applications to communicate with each other. Within the framework of this book, Information Systems are situated on top of the infrastructure, in support of processes. 
Fig. 3.1 – Position of Information Systems in the IT stack Information Systems can further be split down into sub layers as is shown in Fig. 3.2. 
Fig. 3.2 – Layers of Information Systems ProductionIn the lowest layer we find the personal productivity tools. These Information Systems are nothing more than a way to gain access to data so, in a way, they can be considered as just specialized user interfaces. They can be specialized (e.g., word processor) or generic (e.g., browser). CollaborationThe tools in this layer are designed to improve group productivity; this is why they are also called groupware. These Information Systems are used to communicate, cooperate, solve problems, and negotiate. They systematically rely on a network. Typical Information Systems are email, group calendars, newsgroups, chatting and videoconferencing. ProcessesThe purpose of these layers is to generate added value for the organization through the combination of information. In these layers we find the direct support to the Business Processes. The Information Systems in the lower layer consist of input, verification and calculation programs (creation, modification and deletion of information on a unitary basis) while the upper layer will aggregate these data (sorted lists, totals, averages...). TacticsThe purpose of the systems in this layer is to provide the Management with quantitative information about the Business Processes. This information can be used to compare the organization with others; it can be of an analytical nature or be used to apply corrections to internal Business Processes. This layer supports the short-term change processes. StrategyThe Information Systems in this layer aim to provide strategic information to the Management. They support the long-term change processes. Operational and Informational SystemsThe lower three layers are managing operations on individual entities (creation, modification and deletion of objects, files, records, entities...); they are oriented towards transaction processing. The upper three layers are managing groups of entities; they are oriented towards analytical processing. The layers in the lower part of the model are directed towards the daily operations of the organization, they are called Operational Systems. The upper layers are supporting the change processes and are called Informational Systems, Decision Support Systems (DSSs) or Business Intelligence (BI) systems. Download 1.93 Mb. Share with your friends:
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