Less Radical, link for when you are reading economic alt **
Padilla ’21 [Luis-Alberto; 2021; president of the board of the Guatemalan International Relations & Peace Research Institute (IRIPAZ), member of the International Peace Research Association (IPRA), former Secretary General of the Latin American Council on Peace Research (CLAIP), Director of the Diplomatic Academy, Former Vice Minister, former ambassador in Chile, former permanent representative to the United Nations at the Vienna International Centre, former ambassador to Austria, former ambassador to the Russian Federation, former ambassador to the Netherlands, permanent representative to the UN in Geneva, and professor of the Seminar of World Geopolitics at the Faculty of Political Sciences of the Catholic University Rafael Landivar (URL) of Guatemala; Sustainable Development in the Anthropocene, “Alternative Paths Towards Post-capitalism or a Renewed Democratic Socialism,” Ch. 5.1, p. 214-215] SPark
In the foreseeable future wild capitalism (neoliberalism) will be over because the unlimited growth and the monstrous inequalities that this economic modelproduces across the whole world is absolutely incompatible with planetary boundaries and the carrying capacity of the planet we inhabit. That is the main lesson of the Anthropocene. So what kind of model will replace neoliberalism? In this chapter I summarise some alternatives formulated by social scientists and movements, and refer to the Kingdom of Bhutan, which happens to be a real-life example, not based on any model but on the philosophical principles of Buddhism, which informs social practice, thinking and customs in that country. From my perspective, the name of the model to be established is unimportant; what matters is that neoliberalism must be terminated, otherwise humanity risks extinction. On the other hand, as seen on previous pages, IR theory has several dimensions in accordance with the different components of the subsystems that are part of the international system. The economic subsystem is afundamental component of them, since the production of goods, services and trade is an indispensable part of satisfying human needs.
However, the modern capitalist system brought about the idea that the main purpose of an economy is personal enrichment and the accumulation of capital. Thus, according to this ideology, the owners of any business must prioritize growthand gain over the satisfaction of human needs. The well-being of peopleand the conservation of ecosystems are put in second and third places after the objectives of production and economic activity. The result of this mode of thinking is not just the alienation of the working class and the divorce between human beings and nature, but the Earth’s reaction against Homo sapiens. Consequently, in the future capitalism will be “sucked down” by “the alternatives that will appear in all parts of the world”, as Latour argues (2015: 218), because the political order is always interwoven with the natural order.