The Security Organs of the Russian Federation a brief History 1991-2005
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109 Cf. Petrov, “The Security Dimension of Federal Reforms.” Over 50% of the new Chief Federal Inspectors come from the KGB/FSB complex; ibid., pp. 14-16. 110 These and following citations, until noted, from Petrov, ibid., pp. 1-3. Petrov’s illuminating article provide extensive data and examples concerning cadre replacement and rotations within the security organs. 111 Petrov, “The Federation Reform and the Staffing of the Government Service.” 112 The Russian sociologist Olga Kryshtanovskaya has systematically studied this process, building up an extensive data base as part of her research. 113 As an example, Viktor Ivanenko, Director of the AFB in 1991, became Vice-President of NK “Yukos” between 1993 and 1998. 114 Mukhin, op.cit., pp. 17 and passim for lists of names. 115 Petrov, “The Security Dimension of Federal Reforms,” p. 23. 117 Cf. http://www.agentura.ru/dossier/russia/fsb/structure/osobist/uvkrs/voguvkr/. 119 “Who's really running Russia's Chechnya operation?,” Gazeta.ru, 31.07.03. 120 See, in Russian, the article “UFSB po Chechenskoï Respublike,” available at http://www.agentura.ru/dossier/russia/regions/ufsb/chechen, as well as Soldatov, “FSB Reform.” Zachistki, disappearances, illegal executions, and resale of prisoners and of corpses by the Federal Forces in Chechnya and neighboring republics are extensively documented by human rights organizations such as HRW or Memorial, whose reports have been partially corroborated by the Chechen administration of A. Kadyrov and A. Alkhanov. 121 Cf. Ingushetia.ru 31.03.04, available at http://www.agentura.ru/dossier/russia/fsb/structure/okusk. 122 See Bennett, “Vladimir Putin & Russia’s Special Services,” p. 18 and p. 30, and his “FAPSI,” pp. 20-21. 123 “Court Issues Free Pass to Kill Civilians,” The Moscow Times editorial, 24.05.05. 124 Most of these journalists worked for either Moskovskie Novosti or Novaya Gazeta. See in the bibliography the articles by Izmailov, Kaliyev, Khadikov, and Shermatova & Nikitinsky. 125 As an example, we could cite the following incident which occurred in the spring of 2000 near Alkhan-Kala: an MO checkpoint sold weapons and ammunition to Chechen rebels, on condition that they only attack the MVD checkpoint down the road; when the hapless MVD soldiers, under fire, radioed for reinforcements, the Army troops failed to respond (personal communication to the author). 126 Personal communication to the author. 127 Cf. the articles referred to above. Such a vast sum of money, $12 million vs. the $10 million offered by the hapless engineers’ employers, was of course not spent only for propaganda purposes. Baraev was closely linked to Salavdi Abdurzakov, the owner of the Chechen mobile phone company BiTel, whose lucrative monopoly the Granger engineers were threatening. Abdurzakov’s system, as discussed earlier, worked through a FAPSI satellite, and while some FAPSI generals certainly had a personal stake in the matter, the special services also had a genuine security interest in being able to easily monitor Chechen mobile phone communications. It should also be noted that some sources hold that two of the murdered engineers were in fact undercover British agents. If indeed the FSB, on its own or together with other services, “bid” for the engineers’ deaths, the decision-making process must have been influenced as much by private, commercial considerations as by operational and political ones, illustrating the inextricable mingling of all these levels in the Chechen kidnapping business. 128 This account has been compiled from numerous media reports as well as personal information of the author. 129 Dunlop, “The October 2002 Moscow Hostage-Taking Incident.” 130 Milashina, “Kto I kak prinimal resheniya v Beslane,” Novaya Gazeta, 15.04.05, as well as “Report: Beslan HQ was Run by Others,” The Moscow Times, 15.04.05. 131 See http://www.agentura.ru/timeline/2005/reformsk/. 132 Bennett, “Vladimir Putin & Russia’s Special Services,” p. 15. 133 Ibid., p. 21-22. 134 “Russian Spies, They’ve Got Mail,” Washington Post, 06.03.02. 135 All following information and citations, unless noted, from Bennett, “Vladimir Putin & Russia’s Special Services,” pp. 15-16. 136 “Fradkov Asks Spies for Economic Aid,” The Moscow Times, 31.01.05. 137 All information until noted from Bennett, “The FSB,” pp. 31-33, which provides a more detailed discussion. 138 Of the fifteen original Soviet Republics, the three Baltic states refused to join the CIS. 139 Information until noted from Bennett, “Vladimir Putin & Russia’s Special Services,” pp. 31-36, which provides a more detailed discussion. 140 According to reliable Chechen sources, most of the movements of Chechen fighters between Georgia and Russia took place through bribed Russian checkpoints, in vehicles, rather than on foot over the mountains. 141 For a discussion of foreign intelligence activities in the Caucasus, strongly reflecting the official FSB viewpoint, see the first article in Mukhin, Deyatel’nost’ Spetssluzhb v Rossii. 142 See Bennett, “Vladimir Putin & Russia’s Special Services,” pp. 19-20. 143 Information from ibid., pp. 36-37. 145 See Petrov, op.cit., p. 9. 146 Cited in Kaliyev, “Can ‘Power Ministries’ be Reformed?” p. 2. 147 See Mukhin, Deyatel’nost’ Spetssluzhb v Rossii, second article. 148 Kommersant, 26.03.03, cited in ibid., p. 15. 149 “Federal Guard Service Linked to Kasyanov Case,” The Moscow Times, 02.08.05. 150 Petrov, op.cit., p. 23. 151 Mukhin, ibid., pp. 18-19. 152 Yablokova, Oksana, “Drug Enforcers Sharply Criticized,” The Moscow Times, 21.09.05. 154 Mukhin, ibid., p. 21. 155 Petrov, op.cit., p. 4. 156 Quotations and most information in the following paragraph from Soldatov, “FSB Reform;” some information from agentura.ru. 157 According to Petrov, op.cit., pp. 11-12, “the proportion of ‘locals’ to ‘outsiders’ among the regional police chiefs in predominantly Russian regions was 1:1, in the ethnic republic and districts … almost 4:1. […] Now the ratio is 1:1 in the ethnic republics and districts and one local to two foreigners in other regions.” 158 “Business Russe,” Le Monde, 24.02.05. 159 Ibid. 160 Le Vif/L’Express, 04.03.05. 161 “Fradkov asks Spies for Economic Aid,” The Moscow Times, 31.01.05, and “Police Force Gets a Dressing Down,” The Moscow Times, 17.02.05. 162 Putin, First Person, pp. 22-23 and 41-43. 163 “Chechen Leader Gives Exclusive Interview to RFE/RL,” RFE/RL, 07.03.05. 164 Medetsky, Anatoly, and Schreck, Karl, “Mothers Win Pledge but No Apology,” The Moscow Times, 05.09.05 Directory: wp-content -> blogs.dir blogs.dir -> Anbookstore com Copyright 2013 blogs.dir -> 3rd EurasiaTrajeco Conference blogs.dir -> Tsl 3378 – Pronunciation and tesl professor Paula Golombek blogs.dir -> Electrical engineering degree technical elective requirement blogs.dir -> Aurelia aubert blogs.dir -> Task: Choose a play in which an important theme is effectively highlighted by one specific scene or incident blogs.dir -> Press release Huawei Releases LampSit 0 for Indoor mbb blogs.dir -> Dues Increase & State of the Union blogs.dir -> Civil Division General Information Booklet blogs.dir -> Away in the basement Download 357.41 Kb. 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