Themes of the American Civil War
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| Jefferson Davis, pp. Jeffrey K. Tulis, The Rhetorical Presidency (Princeton, NJ, 1987), pp. Jefferson Davis to Varina Howell Davis, 20 February 1861, in Linda Lasswell Crist et al., eds, The Papers of Jefferson Davis, 9 vols. to date (Baton Rouge, LA, 1971– ) VII, pp. Richardson, Messages and Papers I, p. See David M. Potter, The Impending Crisis (New York, 1976), pp. Richardson, Messages and Papers I, p. Richardson, Messages and Papers I, p. 35. For the full text of the permanent constitution see ibid. I, pp. 37–54. See Charles R. Lee, Jr, The Confederate Constitutions (Chapel Hill, NC, fora detailed examination of origins and texts. See Dirck, Lincoln and Davis, pp. for the President’s necessary construction of a Confederate community of sentiment in his inaugural address. 22. Richardson, Messages and Papers I, pp. Among the many studies that offer insight into the changes occurring in the late antebellum South see J. Mills Thornton III, Politics and Power in a Slave Society Alabama, 1800–1860 (Baton Rouge, LA, 1978), and Mary A. DeCredico, Patriotism for Profit Georgia’s Urban Entrepreneurs and the Confederate War Effort (Chapel Hill, NC, 1990), pp. 1–20. 24. Escott, After Secession, pp. The classic view of states rights was promulgated by Frank L. Owsley, States’ Rights in the Confederacy (Chicago, IL, 1925). The modern critique began with David R. Scarboro, “North Carolina and the Confederacy the Weakness of States Rights during the Civil War North Carolina Historical Review 56 (April 1979), pp. 133–49. Richard E. Beringer, Herman Hattaway, Archer Jones, and William N. Still Jr, Why the South lost the Civil War (Athens, GA, 1986), pp. 203–25, examines the issue in detail. 26. DeCredico, Patriotism for Profit, pp. 72–104. The South’s “military-industrial revolution” during the war is examined in Emory M. Thomas, The Confederate Nation, 1861–1865 (New York, 1979), pp. 206–14, and Thomas, The Confederacy as a Revolutionary Experience (Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Alfred Blevins, quoted in Martin Crawford, Ashe County’s Civil War Community and Society in the Appalachian South (Charlottesville, VA, 2001), p. 147. On the causes and consequences of declining Southern morale see in particular, Escott, After Secession, pp. Gary W. Gallagher, Confederate War (Cambridge, MA, 1997), p. Richardson, Messages and Papers I, p. 33. Thomas, Confederate Nation, p. Richardson, Messages and Papers I, p. 131. The idea of secession as counterrevolution is strongly pressed in James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom The Civil War Era (New York, pp. Howell Cobb, in Michael Perman, ed, Major Problems in the Civil War and Reconstruction (Lexington, MA, 1991), pp. 238–9. 166 • Martin Crawford Crawford, William Howard Russell’s Civil War, p. xxxvi. 34. William W. Freehling, The Reintegration of American History Slavery and the Civil War (New York, 1994), p. 237. For slavery’s impact on early Confederate military capabilities see Armistead Robinson, In the Shadow of Old John Brown Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861–1863,” Journal of Negro History 65 (fall 1980), pp. Clarence Mohr, On the Threshold of Freedom Masters and Slaves in Civil War Georgia (Athens, GA, 1986), is an invaluable study. 35. The Brierfield episode is described in Davis, Jefferson Davis, p. 409. On William Jackson see R. J. M. Blackett, Cracks in the Antislavery Wall Frederick Douglass’s Second Visit to England, 1859–1860, and the Coming of the Civil War in Alan J. Rice and Martin Crawford, eds., Liberating Sojourn Frederick Douglass and Transatlantic Reform (Athens, GA, 1999), pp. 198–202. For accounts of Jackson’s escape see The Liberator, May 25, 1862; Harper’s Weekly, June 7, 1862. I am indebted to Richard Blackett for alerting me to Jackson’s history. 36. See Randolph B. Campbell, Planters and Plain Folks The Social Structure of the Antebellum South,” in John B. Boles and Evelyn Thomas Nolen, eds, Interpreting Southern History: Historiographical Essays in Honor of Sanford W. Higginbotham (Baton Rouge, LA, 1987), pp. 48–77, fora useful overview. 37. U. B. Phillips, The Central Theme of Southern History American Historical Review 34 (October 1928), pp. 30–43, asserted that the essence of Southernism was the common resolve that the South should remain a white man’s country. 38. See Escott, After Secession, pp. Speech at Richmond in Crist, Papers of Jefferson Davis IX, pp. Robert F. Durden, The Gray and the Black The Confederate Debate on Emancipation (Baton Rouge, LA, 1972), pp. 101–6. Bruce Levine, Confederate Emancipation Southern Plans to Free and Arm Slaves during the Civil War (New York, 2005), provides an outstanding reassessment of the controversial initiative. Drew Gilpin Faust, The Creation of Confederate Nationalism (Baton Rouge, LA, 1988), p. 84. The most recent attempt to define Confederate nationalism is Anne Sarah Rubin, A Shattered Nation The Rise and Fall of the Confederacy (Chapel Hill, NC, 2005). Rubin sees Confederate nationalism as primarily a sentimental or symbolic attachment, constructed largely independent of political structures, indeed largely independent of the nation itself. It was thus able to survive the South’s defeat in 1865. George C. Rable, The Confederate Republic A Revolution against Politics (Chapel Hill, NC, p. 210. The classic exposition of the argument concerning the comparative role of political parties in North and South is to be found in Eric L. McKitrick, Party Politics and the Union and Confederate War Efforts in William Nisbet Chambers and Walter Dean Burnham, eds, The American Party Systems Stages of Political Development (New York, pp. Jefferson Davis to John C. Pemberton, August 9, 1863, in Crist, Papers of Jefferson Davis IX, p. See Frank E. Vandiver, Rebel Brass The Confederate Command System (Baton Rouge, LA, pp. 40–3. On Davis’s relationship with his military commanders see in particular, Steven E. Woodworth, Jefferson Davis and his Generals The Failure of Confederate Command in the West (Lawrence, KS, 1990); and Woodworth, Davis and Lee at War (Lawrence, KS. Also valuable is George Green Shackleford, George Wythe Randolph and the Confederate Elite (Athens, GA, 1988). Randolph was Confederate Secretary of War from March until November William J. Cooper, Jr, Jefferson Davis and the Sudden Disappearance of Southern Politics,” in Charles W. Eagles, ed, Is There a Southern Political Tradition (Jackson, MS, 1996), pp. quotations on pp. Davis, Jefferson Davis, pp. 416–17. On the evangelical foundations of Confederate nationalism see Faust, Creation of Confederate Nationalism, pp. Cooper, Jr, Jefferson Davis, pp. 242–56 (quotation p. 256). Joseph Davis’s antebellum “experiment” in slave management is described in Janet Sharp Hermann, The Pursuit of a Dream (New York, 1981), pp. 3–34, which also discusses the regime at Brierfield. Although Jefferson Davis accepted the management methods established by his elder brother, their views on slavery sharply differed, as Hermann’s research demonstrates. Davis, Jefferson Davis, p. 690. Davis and the Confederacy • 167 Robert Penn Warren, Jefferson Davis gets his Citizenship back (Lexington, KY, 1980), p. Davis, Jefferson Davis, p. Jefferson Davis, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, 2 vols. (London, 1881) I, p. 6. Download 2.25 Mb. Share with your friends:
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