Themes of the American Civil War
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| River (Chicago, IL, 1991), and unit histories like Terry L. Jones, Lee’s Tigers The Louisiana Infantry in the Army of Northern Virginia (Baton Rouge, LA, 1987), or Alan T. Nolan, The Iron Brigade: A Military History (Indianapolis, IN, Grady McWhiney and Perry D. Jamieson, Attack and Die Civil War Military Tactics and the Southern Heritage (Tuscaloosa, AL, 1982), p. 48 and passim. 31. McWhiney and Jamieson, Attack, pp. 141–91. Fora critical appraisal of the figures and argument in Attack see Richard E. Beringer et al., Why the South lost the Civil War (Athens, Georgia, 1986), pp. 458–81. On the alleged Celtic heritage in the Southern states, see David Hackett Fischer, Albion’s Seed Four British Folkways in America (Oxford, 1989), and the symposium which considered Fischer’s thesis the following year and was published in William and Mary Quarterly 48 (1991), pp. Men at Arms • 97 Paddy Griffith, Battle Tactics of the Civil War (New Haven CT, 1989), p. 190 and passim. Griffith’s work has received rather mixed reviews see Albert Castel’s appraisal in Civil War History, 35 (1989), pp. 335–8, Herman Hattaway in the Journal of Military History 43 (pp. 155–6, and Perry Jamieson in Journal of American History 77 (1990), pp. Circular, Army of the Potomac, April 19, 1864, War of the Rebellion XXXIII, p. Thomas Vernon Moseley, The Evolution of American Civil War Infantry Tactics Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1968), pp. 383–99 and passim. 35. Moseley, Infantry Tactics p. 334–8. See also the various battle studies that have been produced on the battles of 1862–63, and the battle reports of Union and Confederate commanders in War of the Rebellion. 36. Cozzens, No Better Place to Die, pp. 81–143 and passim. 37. Beringer et al., Why the South lost the Civil War, pp. 167–8; McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. George R. Agassiz, ed, Meade’s Headquarters, 1863–1865: Letters of Colonel Theodore Lyman from the Wilderness to Appomattox (Boston, MA, 1922), p. 101, and quoted in Hess, The Union Soldier in Battle, p. In the Franco-Prussian War many officers found that they could not properly assault enemy lines because their men would go to ground under fire, and, although they continued to return fire, they could not be moved. This does not appear to have been as great a problem in the Civil War, but was instead seen as a valuable tactic in assaulting enemy lines. For observations on tactical problems in the Franco-Prussian War see Avon Boguslawski, Tactical Deductions from the War of 1870–1871 (1872, repr. Minneapolis, MN, 1996), pp. 47–62; John A. English and Bruce I. Gudmundsson, On Infantry, rev. edn. (London, 1994), pp. Carroll Henderson Clark memoirs, p. 26, TSLA. 41. McPherson, For Cause and Comrades, pp. 77–82. On primary group loyalty as a concept, and its prominence among American soldiers in World War II, see SA. Stouffer et al., Studies in Social Psychology in World War II, 2 vols. (Princeton, NJ, 1949); S. LA. Marshall, Men against Fire: Battle Command in Future War (New York, 1947); Anthony Kellett, Combat Motivation: The Behavior of Soldiers in Battle (Boston, MA, Mitchell, The Vacant Chair, p. Mitchell, The Vacant Chair, p. Joseph A. Frank and George A. Reeves, “Seeing the Elephant Raw Recruits at the Battle of Shiloh (Westport, CT, 1989), passim. This is generally regarded as one of the best monographs on combat motivation in the Civil War, and is handicapped only by its limitation to a single battle. See Marvin Cain’s review in Civil War History 36 (1990), pp. Wiley, Life of Johnny Reb, p. Samuel J. Watson, Religion and Combat Motivation in the Confederate Armies Journal of Military History 58 (1994), pp. 31–55; McPherson, For Cause and Comrades, pp. There are examples of the influence of leadership on combat motivation throughout the official records of the war. For some examples seethe report of Colonel George C. Porter, 6th Tennessee Infantry (Confederate, October 16, 1862, War of the Rebellion, XVI, Part pp. 1114–15; report of Major G. W. Kelsoe, 9th Tennessee Infantry (Confederate, October, 1862, ibid, XVI, Part 1, p. 1116; report of Brigadier General Joseph B. Carr, commanding First Brigade, Second Division, III Corps, Army of the Potomac, August 1, 1863, ibid, XXVII, Part 1, p. 544; report of Captain LR. Stegman, 102nd New York Infantry, July 6, 1863, ibid., XXVII, Part 1, p. 865. 48. Connelly, Army of the Heartland, pp. 98, Peter Cozzens, This Terrible Sound The Battle of Chickamauga (Chicago, IL, 1992), pp. Michael CC. Adams, Our Masters the Rebels A Speculation on Union Military Failure in the East, 1861–1865 (Cambridge, MA, 1978), p. 6 and passim. 51. Linderman, Embattled Courage, p. 134 and passim. 52. Edward Hagerman, The American Civil War and the Origins of Modern Warfare Ideas, Organization, and Field Command (Indianapolis, IN, 1988), pp. 243–98; Beringer et al., Why the South lost the Civil War, pp. 236–335; Albert Castel, Decision in the West The Atlanta Campaign of 1864 (Lawrence, KS, 1992), passim Bruce Catton, Grant Moves South (Boston, MA, 1960), p. 119 and passim Joseph T. Glatthaar, The March to the Sea and Beyond: Sherman’s Troops in the Savannah and Carolinas Campaigns (New York, 1985), pp. Nolan, The Iron Brigade, pp. 263–82; Larry J. Daniel, Soldiering in the Army of Tennessee A Portrait of Life in a Confederate Army (Chapel Hill, NC, 1991), p. 132. 98 • Andrew Haughton Robert Graves, Goodbye to all That (London, 1931), p. Wiley Sword, The Confederacy’s Last Hurrah Spring Hill, Franklin, and Nashville (Lawrence, KS, 1992), p. 377. 56. Beringer et al., Why the South lost the Civil War, pp. 424–42; fora contrasting interpretation see Gary W. Gallagher, The Confederate War (Cambridge, MA, Peter Parish, The American Civil War (London, 1975), p. Men at Arms • Download 2.25 Mb. Share with your friends:
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