ABO blood group antigens:
There are four ABO blood group antigens:
Antigen A
Antigen B
Antigen AB
Antigen A1
The ABO blood group antigens are encoded by one genetic locus, the ABO locus, which has three alternative (allelic) forms—A, B, and O. A child receives one of the three alleles from each parent, giving rise to six possible genotypes and four possible blood types (phenotypes).
Blood Transfusion:
Blood containing RBC with antigen A on their surface has in its serum antibodies against type B red cells called anti B antibodies. If type B blood is injected into persons with type A blood, the red cells in the injected blood will be destroyed by the antibodies in the recipient’s blood. In the same way, type A red cells will be destroyed by anti-A antibodies in type B blood. Type O blood can be injected into persons with type A, B, or O blood unless there is incompatibility with respect to some other blood group system also present. Persons with type AB blood can receive type A, B, or O blood.
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