See Englart, ‘Anarchism in Sydney’

91 See Englart, ‘Anarchism in Sydney’.

92A 1976 statement by the Libertarian Socialist Federation, an anarcho-syndicalist grouping, quoted in Englart, ‘Anarchism in Sydney’.

93 They even quoted the French platformist group the ORA with approval. SMG, ‘Editorial’, Federation of Australian Anarchists Bulletin, Sep./Oct 1975, http://www.takver.com/history/aia/aia00038.htm, Accessed 27 June 2009.

94 I do not know if any situationist groups were formed in Australia during this period, hence this section focuses exclusively on New Zealand.

95 McDonagh, 151, Auckland: n.p., 1978, §12.

96 McDonagh, Interview.

97Grant McDonagh, ‘My Involvement in an Ultra-Leftist Tendency’, unpublished manuscript, 1981, p.1.

98 McDonagh, letter to the author, 18 Dec. 1997.

99Sue Lee, Interview with author, Wellington, 31 July 1996; Cathie Quinn, Interview with author, Wellington, 1 Aug. 1996; Margaret Flaws, Interview with author, 24 Feb. 1997; and Frank Prebble, Interview.

100 See Knabb, Public Secrets and Radcliffe, Dancin’ in the Streets!

101Anarchy (Christchurch), 1 (1975), p.2.

102 McDonagh, Letter to the author, 17 June 1996.

103McDonagh, Interview.

104 McDonagh, ‘My Involvement in an Ultra-Leftist Tendency’, p.4.

105 McDonagh, letter to the author, 18 Dec. 1997.

106About ten to fifteen people contributed material to KAT, of which about six were anarchists.

107 McDonagh, ‘The Year of the Goat’, KAT, 7 (1978), p.3, original emphasis.

108The free store was serious in communist intent, but also a satire of the local community around the shop, which tended to be wealthy and materialist “yuppies”. McDonagh, Interview.

109 McDonagh, ‘Tableau in a Morgue: A Critique of the NZ Anarchist Movement’, KAT, 5 (1978), p.5.

110 McDonagh, ‘Tableau in a Morgue’, pp.5-6.

111 McDonagh, Letter to the author, 18 Dec. 1997.

112 McDonagh, ‘Tableau in a Morgue’, p.5.

113Andrew Dodsworth, Letter to the author, 17 Feb. 1997.

114 Franklin Rosemont, Dancin’ in the Streets!, pp.61-2 and p. 68.

115 See Ken Knabb, ‘Confessions of a Mild-Mannered Enemy of the State’, in his Public Secrets, pp.89-156 for good examples of this.

116 Dodsworth, Letter to the author, 17 Feb. 1997.

117 Dodsworth, Letter to the author, 17 Feb. 1997.

118 McDonagh, 151, §1.

119 McDonagh, ‘The Year of the Goat.’

120 McDonagh, Interview.

121 McDonagh, ‘Irresponsibility vs Poverty: The Valkay Affair’, 1979.

122 McDonagh, ‘The Year of the Goat’.

123 Auckland Solidarity was formed from the anarchist faction of the Auckland Resistance bookshop. According to one of its founders Graeme Minchin, Auckland Solidarity was not named after, nor organisationally linked with, Solidarity in Britain. He commented that they liked Solidarity material, but were not in contact with the British group. Minchin, Interview.

124 Englart, ‘Anarchism in Sydney.’

125Solidarity, ‘As We See It’, in Brinton, For Workers’ Power, p.153.

126 L.W., “‘Solidarity’ and Anarchism”, Freedom, 17 April 1971, p. 2.

127Peoples Rights – Self Management is the Only Answer, leaflet produced by Christchurch Anarchy Group, c.1977.

128 Peoples Rights – Self Management is the Only Answer.

129Anarchy Information Sheet, 2, n.d. (c.1976), p.2. The Anarchy Information Sheet was later renamed the Christchurch Anarchists’ Newsletter.

130 Brinton, For Workers’ Power, p.81. See also pp.85-9 and p. 215.

131 Alain Pengam, “Anarcho-Communism”, in Non-Market Socialism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, eds. Maximilien Rubel and John Crump, London: MacMillan, 1987, p.77. For the decline and stagnation of anarchist communism, see also John Crump, Hatta Shuzo and Pure Anarchism in Interwar Japan, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993, pp.xvi-xvii and p.20.

132Louis Robertson has divided the publications of Solidarity into three main categories. The first published the works of Cornelius Castoriadis. The second attempted to rediscover ‘important moments of revolutionary working class history.’ The third documented current working-class struggles, both in Britain and overseas. The latter was largely achieved through the magazine Solidarity and various special “motor supplements” (about struggles in the automotive industry). Louis Robertson, “Reflections of My Time in Solidarity”, Accessed 11 June 2003, http://struggle.ws/disband/solidarity/recollections.html.

133For example, Solidarity printed some special “motor supplements” that gave accounts of struggles within the British motor industry. Robertson, “Reflections of My Time in Solidarity”.

134Bretta Carthey and Bob Potter, Mount Isa: The Great Queensland Strike, London: Solidarity, 1966, http://libcom.org/library/mount-isa-great-queensland-strike-solidarity, Accessed 16 Aug. 2009.

135 Bolstad, Interview.

136Bolstad, Interview.

137 Richard Bolstad, Interview with author, Christchurch 16 May 1996.

138 Andrew Dodsworth, Letter to the author, 17 Feb. 1997.

139 Solidarity, ‘As We See It’, in Brinton, For Workers’ Power, p.153.

140 Janov quoted in Bolstad, The Industrial Front, Christchurch: Christchurch Anarchy Group, c. 1978, p.33. See also Bolstad, ‘Primal Therapy’, Christchurch Anarchists Newsletter, April 1978, pp.5-8.

141Bolstad, The Industrial Front, and An Anarchist Analysis of the Chinese Revolution, Christchurch: Christchurch Anarchy Group, 1976.

142 He wrote a manuscript of an updated version of a Solidarity pamphlet for New Zealand conditions, but unfortunately it was never printed and no copy has survived. Bolstad, Interview.

143“New Zealand Anarchist Contact List” in [Christchurch] Anarchy Newsletter, Nov. 1977, plus the correspondence of the Christchurch Anarchy Group, Frank Prebble MSS.

144Minchin, Interview.

145Socialist Action, 103 (12 July 1974), p.3 and Michael Bassett, The Third Labour Government, Palmerston North: The Dunmore Press, 1976, p.146.

146 Adam Buick, ‘Solidarity, the Market and Marx’, http://bataillesocialiste.wordpress.com/english-pages/1973-04-solidarity-the-market-and-marx-buick/, accessed 17 Aug. 2009.

147 ‘The fundamental contradiction of contemporary society is the division into those who own, manage, decide and direct, and the majority who, because they are deprived access to the means of production, have to toil and are forced to comply with decisions they have not themselves taken.’ Socialism Reaffirmed leaflet, in Brinton, For Workers’ Power, p. 18.

148As Bookchin has written, “If we…describe any social stratum as ‘proletarian’ (as the French situationists do) simply because it has no control over the conditions of its life, we might just as well call slaves, serfs, peasants and large sections of the middle-class ‘proletarians.’ To create such a sweeping antithesis between ‘proletarian’ and bourgeois, however, eliminates all the determinations that characterize these classes as specific, historically limited strata.” Bookchin, Post-Scarcity Anarchism, 2nd edn., Montreal: Black Rose, 1986, p.171n.

149 Meaning that those who own and control the means of production gain the ability to give orders, or delegate giving orders to managers, and proletarians are forced to take orders because they do not own and control the means of production. See n.147 above.

150Christchurch Anarchy Group, Peoples Rights – Self Management is the Only Answer leaflet, c.1977 (original emphasis).

151Gilles Dauvé and François Martin, The Eclipse and Re-emergence of the Communist Movement, Revised edn., London: Antagonism Press, 1997, p.73.

152Bolstad, The Industrial Front, p.40.

153 Peter Kropotkin, The Conquest of Bread, London: Elephant Editions, pp.159-74.

154This merger led to an important revision of Solidarity’s basic position statements, As We See It and As We Don’t See It in 1978. The rewritten section of As We See It went as follows: “There can be no socialism without self-management. Yet a society made up of individual self-managed units is not, of itself, socialist. Such societies could remain oppressive, unequal and unjust. They could be sexist or racist, could restrict access to knowledge or adopt uncritical attitudes towards ‘expertise’. We can imagine the individual units of such a society – of whatever size or complexity (from chicken farms to continents) – competing as ‘collective capitalists’. Such competition could only perpetuate alienation and create new inequalities based on new divisions of labour”, Accessed 1 May 1999, http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/8195/blasts/awsi/awdsirevised.html#awsirevised.

155 Prebble, Interview.

156 For more on Neil Roberts, see Boraman, Rabble Rousers, pp. 129-31 and Russell Campbell, ‘System Overload’, Arena, 1 (2009), pp. 129-38

157 Seán Sheehan, Anarchism, London: Reaktion Books, 2003, p.142.

158 Sheehan, Anarchism, p. 141.

159 Ken Knabb, “Critique of the New Left Movement”, Accessed 17 April 2003, http://www.bopsecrets.org/PH/newleft.htm

160 Point Blank!, ‘The Storms of Youth’, in Re-Inventing Anarchy, pp.130-1.

161 Raoul Vaneigem, The Revolution of Everyday Life, 2nd edn., Seattle and London: Left Bank and Rebel Press, 1994.

162 Jean Barrot [Gilles Dauvé], What is Situationism?, p.25, original emphasis.

163 ‘We Have Ways of Making You Talk!’, Aufheben, 12 (2004), p.59.

164 Sandro Studer quoted in ‘We Have Ways of Making You Talk!’, p.60.

165See Shipway, “Situationism” and “Decadence: The Theory of Decline”, in Aufheben for a more detailed critique.

166 See CrimethInc Workers’ Collective, Days of War, Nights of Love: Crimethink for Beginners, Atlanta: CrimethInc Workers’ Collective, 2001 and Recipes for Disaster: An Anarchist Cookbook, Olympia: CrimethInc Workers’ Collective, 2004. However, some carnival anarchists have tied their carnivalesque activities to class struggle, such as when Reclaim the Streets supported the Liverpool dockers’ strike and London tube workers’ resistance to privatisation in the late 1990s.

167 As the unemployed are a part of the unwaged wing of the working class, their struggles are part of the class struggle.

168 This is particularly true of Class War in its early phase, as Stewart Home points out. See his The Assault on Culture, pp.95-101. A minor, indirect link can be made between the anarcho-councilism of the Christchurch Anarchy Group and Class War. Jock Spence of the CAG returned to Britain in 1977 and became involved with a group of Swansea anarchists who produced a successful community-based paper, Alarm, which exposed council corruption. Alarm included Ian Bone, who became a prominent figure in Class War during the 1980s.

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