The possible reasons for organisation B & C not having a higher proportion of OR

4.2The possible reasons for organisation B & C not having a higher proportion of OR

All the three relationships remain with an additional relationship. The relationship established between organisation and ‘community’, mainly with parents or family of the children or person with disabilities through OR services.

Box 2 suggests a perspective for the OR/ IBR organisations on the aspects and factors relevant to rehabilitation of children with disability. This shows that the level of problem in the relationship between the community and children with disabilities become less of a concern. This can be reflected as a positive sign coming from the engagement of the organisation with the community. The change of view or perspective could derive from a more insider type of view; a gain of insight in terms of what can be the possible trigger of the problematic relationship between community and children or person with disabilities. The mentioning of the economic factor of the family being poor as the reason why parents are not home during the OR training visits, explain the problem of community – child relationship from a completely different view to IBR.

Box 2 The perspective of the OR/ IBR organisations on the aspects and factors relevant to rehabilitation of children with disability

The second relationship level in term of the organisation and the child with disability, however, places more reasons behind the limitation of these organisation in expanding their OR services. The following are some of the possible challenges in this level of relationship:

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  The scarce resources and the capability of the organisations in doing OR. OR visits to the villages require time, financial and human resources. If an organisation has one or two staff for the outreach rehabilitation services whilst also has to manage its IBR services in house, the coverage of the OR services will have its limits based on this capacity of the organisation.
  
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  Geographical limitations; OR visits require certain amount of travelling to reach to the villages. The geographical aspect can sometime become the reason for the limitation in providing more OR services. A visit to a rural village can take hours of travelling to and from. The real family training itself might take shorter duration then the travelling. The justification in this aspect of practicalities often become challenging when it comes to the comparative advantage in having the therapist utilizing the same duration of services in house or in IBR setting to a lot more children with disabilities.
  
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  On top of the above aspects, there is also a possible institutional bias towards the comfort zone of delivering IBR services. It is possible that organisations who deliver both IBR and OR services maintain certain degree of keeping the comfort of their total institution approach where there are more room for control over their inputs and outcomes. This, of course could be done both knowingly and unknowingly. OR is, in many cases, about expanding this comfort zone, as it requires a different managerial style from the organisations. The organisations need to be more trusting to their staff delivering services away from direct supervision and need to be flexible towards the outcome of such serviceas to a certain degree it depends on the level of parents’ participation after the OR visits.
  

The relationship between organisation and donor or funding organisation for those providing OR services is also challenging because of the difficulties in measuring outcome of OR. Children who receive regular daily training in IBR services will have more progressive development compare to those who only receive the training on monthly basis. In many cases where parents did not follow up the OR training visit with regular daily therapy exercise, the children will not arrive at the progress level they could achieved within the time frame. This can then be seen as the potential downside for gaining funding supports.

In term of government support, the implementation of OR as alternative strategy receive less support than IBR. For instance, children with disabilities staying at IBR centre on certain regular basis receive rice subsidy from the ministry of Social Affair in Indonesia but the same subsidy do not apply for children with disabilities in OR services.