Trade-off da – gdi 2011 1 Earth Science D/A 2
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- Satellites !—Climate Monitoring Good—Warming
EOS !—Warming CoopEOS fosters international climate cooperation NASA 11 (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Observing/obs_5.php, accessed 7-2-11, CH) With EOS, for the first time ever for a major Earth observation program, the goals include freely sharing the resulting data with both scientists and civilian organizations alike. This treatment of data contrasts sharply with previous satellite missions for which public access to data was quite costly. In fact, some EOS data are being directly broadcast freely to anyone anywhere who has a compatible receiving station and the capacity to process and store such a huge flow of information. As its name suggests, EOS is a large-scale, long-term collaborative mission involving scientists in government agencies, academia, and industry from many nations. EOS fosters international climate cooperation NASA 11 (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Observing/obs_5.php, accessed 7-2-11, CH) With EOS, for the first time ever for a major Earth observation program, the goals include freely sharing the resulting data with both scientists and civilian organizations alike. This treatment of data contrasts sharply with previous satellite missions for which public access to data was quite costly. In fact, some EOS data are being directly broadcast freely to anyone anywhere who has a compatible receiving station and the capacity to process and store such a huge flow of information. As its name suggests, EOS is a large-scale, long-term collaborative mission involving scientists in government agencies, academia, and industry from many nations. Satellites !—Climate Monitoring Good—WarmingClimate research key to create solutions to warming Chow 11 (Denise, writer @ space.com, “NASA Primes New Satellite to Study Earth's Climate”, 2/9/11, http://www.space.com/10797-nasa-glory-satellite-earth-climate.html) JPG NASA is preparing to launch its newest satellite that will monitor how the sun and tiny particles in Earth's atmosphere, called aerosols, affect the planet's climate. Scientists hope the new Glory satellite, which launches this month, will address key uncertainties in climate research by enriching scientists' understanding of manmade and natural aerosol contributions to global climate change. The satellite's onboard instruments will also collect data to enhance scientific models, and could help paint a clearer picture of the causes and consequences of climate change. "Glory is going to help scientists tackle one of the major uncertainties in climate change predictions identified by the United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: the influence of aerosols on the energy balance of our planet," said Michael Freilich, director of the Earth Science Division in the Science Mission Directorate at NASA headquarters in Washington, D.C. "This mission also marks the first satellite launch under President Obama's climate initiative that will advance the United States' contribution to cutting-edge and policy-relevant climate change science," Freilich said. The spacecraft is scheduled to launch on Feb. 23 at 5:09 a.m. EST (1010 GMT) from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. It will fly onboard Orbital Sciences Corporation's Taurus XL 3110 rocket. Once in orbit, Glory will slip into the tight formation of a fleet of Earth-observing satellites, called the Afternoon Constellation or "A-train." "The Afternoon Constellation consists of multiple spacecraft flying in close proximity to create the first ever 'super observatory' that will give us near simultaneous observations of the Earth that include land, ocean and atmosphere," Joy Bretthauer, Glory program executive at NASA Headquarters, told reporters in a Jan. 20 news briefing. The satellite will fly in a low-Earth orbit at an altitude of 438 miles (705 kilometers), which is roughly the distance from Boston to Washington, D.C. After launch, mission operators will conduct verification tests for 30 days and then begin to collect data for at least three years. Glory will carry a suite of instruments designed to unravel some of the most complex elements of the Earth's biosphere and climate system. The satellite's two primary instruments include the Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) and the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM). The TIM instrument will maintain and improve upon a 32-year record of total solar irradiance, a value that fluctuates slightly as the sun cycles through periods of varying intensity approximately every 11 years. While scientists have concluded that solar variability is not the main cause of the warming observed on Earth in recent decades, the sun has historically caused long-term climate changes. The APS will measure aerosols, which are airborne particles that can contribute to the warming and cooling of the planet by reflecting or absorbing solar radiation. Aerosols can be natural – stemming from things like desert dust and volcanoes – or can have manmade origins, as is the case with air pollution. Scientists know these atmospheric particles, which also affect cloud formation and precipitation, influence climate on Earth, but they hope the Glory mission will contribute to a better understanding of how, and how much. "The scientific knowledge on the Glory mission is crucial," Bretthauer said. "It will serve as resource for making scientifically-based economic, health and policy decisions related to environmental change." Monitoring is key to solving climate—helps scientists develop solutions and motivates policy action Mahlman 98 (JD, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University, http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/bibliography/related_files/jm9801.pdf, accessed 7-2-11, CH) So, why should we care about this climate monitoring deficiency? Who actually has a stake in improved climate monitoring? Climate data scientists do because their goal is to use the data to learn about how climate and climate change actually work. Climate theorists and modelers do because the current anthropogenic greenhouse warming projections are theoretically based, as manifested in the mathematical climate models (making climate change projections without attempting to evaluate them against the evolving real world is counter96 MAHLMAN to the ethic of science). Policymakers do because they are already in the process of making policy (or nonpolicy) in the face of an imperfectly understood, but potentially very serious, global environmental threat. Policymakers, like scientists, always need to evaluate their conclusions against new information. Directory: 2011 2011 -> Enterprise Network Management iPost: Implementing Continuous Risk Monitoring at the Department of State 2011 -> Voices of the Old Sea Norman Lewis 2011 -> Malevil Robert Merle 2011 -> The Elephant Keeper’s Children Peter Hoeg 2011 -> January 1: Ecstasy zZz January 2: King of Anything Sara Bareillis 2011 -> Tracks, Mixes, Masters, and More!: Analyzing Preservation Priorities for Multitrack Recordings 2011 -> Department of Electrical Engineering 2011 Annual Report 2011 -> Jv packet •Mars Colonization Affirmative •Mars Colonization Negative 2011 -> Asian Pacific Mathematical Olympiad(apmo) 2011 -> Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) omb no. 1024-0018 Download 0.9 Mb. Share with your friends:
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