EBITDA / EBITDA / EBITDA / EBITDA Also: earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization. Absolute earnings figure of a company consisting of net profit for the year plus tax, interest, depreciation and amortization.
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Ec
ec See Maestro card.
ec card / ec-Karte / carte ec / carta ec See Maestro card.
economic indicator / Konjunkturindikator / indicateur conjoncturel / indicatore congiunturale A measure of economic activity, providing information on the state of the economy.
economic viability / Tragbarkeit / capacité financière / sostenibilità Credit system mainly used in property financing and defined as the burden on the borrower's income (expressed as a percentage) that the cost of a property will incur.
economy / Konjunktur / conjoncture / congiuntura Also: business cycle, economic cycle, trade cycle. All the regular and irregular fluctuations in gross domestic product around a long-term trend level. An economic cycle consists of the following phases: upswing, peak, downturn or recession, and trough.
ECP Abbr. for Eurocommercial paper.
ECU Abbr. for European Currency Unit.
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Ef
effective gold clause Synonym for gold clause (1).
EFT/POS Abbr. for Electronic Funds Transfer at the Point of Sale.
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El
electronic bank / elektronische Bank / banque électronique / banca elettronica Bank offering electronic self-service facilities which customers can avail themselves of regardless of bank opening hours.
electronic banking / Electronic Banking / electronic banking / electronic banking Short form: e-banking. Also: direct banking. Use of banking services via electronic channels or via designated providers and private transmission media regardless of time of day or location.
Electronic Funds Transfer at the Point of Sale / Electronic Funds Transfer at the Point of Sale / Electronic Funds Transfer at the Point of Sale / Electronic Funds Transfer at the Point of Sale Abbr.: EFT/POS. Payment system which enables cashless payment at sales points.
electronic trading system / elektronische Börse / Bourse électronique / borsa elettronica Also: electronic bourse, screen-based trading. Trading system where stock exchange transactions are carried out via a computer system, e.g. SWX Swiss Exchange.
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Em
emerging market / Emerging Market / marché émergent / mercato emergente Newly industrializing country or market with above-average growth potential and developing financial markets.
EMI Abbr. for European Monetary Institute.
employment / Beschäftigung / occupation / occupazione Macro-economic term: effective deployment of the production factor labour over a given period of time. Employment can be measured in absolute (hours worked/number of people in employment) or in relative terms (employment rate).
employment rate / Beschäftigungsgrad / degré d'occupation / grado di occupazione Macro-economic term: percentage of persons actually in employment in a country in relation to the potentially employable workforce. See also employment.
EMS Abbr. for European Monetary System.
EMU Abbr. for European Monetary Union.
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En
English auction / englische Auktion / enchère anglaise / asta inglese Auction in which buyers submit increasing bids, usually following a pre-established bid increment, and in which the highest bidder wins and is required to pay the seller the amount of the winning bid. See also auction, Dutch auction.
en nom participation Synonym for underwriter listed in prospectus. Term derived from the French «en nom» (meaning «in the name of»).
endorsee / Indossatar / endossataire / giratario Person to whom the title to and rights of an order instrument are transferred by virtue of an endorsement.
endorsement / Indossament / endossement / girata The transfer of title or rights to an order instrument by signing on the back of the instrument. See also assignment.
endorser / Indossant / endosseur / girante Person who has title to a negotiable instrument and writes his name on it in order to transfer said title or rights to another person or persons.
endowment capital Synonym for capital stock.
Energy / Energie / Energie / Energia Equity sector incorporating shares of companies involved in oil and natural gas exploration, production, transportation and/or refininement. The respective MSCI Sector index acts as a benchmark for shares of companies belonging to this sector.
enforced saving / Zwangssparen / épargne forcée / risparmio forzato All measures imposed by government bodies through legislation or collective agreements to establish a social security system that provides for retirement and invalidity. In Switzerland, the compulsory saving takes the form of mandatory pension savings and essentially covers contributions to the first pillar (AHV) and the second pillar (occupational pension schemes).
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Eq
equity / eigene Mittel / fonds propres / mezzi propri Also: capital base.
(1) In a broader sense a synonym for equity capital.
(2) Banking: Article 11 of the Implementing Ordinance for the Swiss Banking Law stipulates that equity consists of core capital (Tier 1 comprising paid-up capital, disclosed reserves and profit brought forward) as well as certain additional capital components eligible for inclusion in tier one (undisclosed reserves and subordinated bond issues). Equity capital must satisfy the requirements set out in the Banking Law, but in most cases it goes beyond these prescribed limits. Equity is an important measure of how financially sound a bank is.
(3) Lending: the capital or assets which an applicant must usually have (except in leasing) in order to be granted a loan.
Equity banking / Equity-Banking / equity banking / equity financing Also: equity financing. Equity financing provided by a bank for newly incorporated companies or those exhibiting strong growth with a good credit rating.
equity capital; shareholders' equity / Eigenkapital / capitaux propres / capitale proprio Net assets of a company calculated as the excess of assets over liabilities. Opposite: liabilities. See also equity.
equity earnings yield Synonym for earnings yield.
equity financing / Eigenfinanzierung / autofinancement / autofinanziamento Funds raised by a company for capital investment in plant and equipment or for acquisition purposes, via the issue of shares and participation certificates or, in the case of a cooperative, the issue of unit certificates. Opposite: debt financing.
equity fund / Aktienfonds / fonds de placement en actions / fondo d'investimento azionario Investment fund that invests in shares as stipulated in its regulations.
equity method / Equity-Methode / méthode de la mise en équivalence / metodo dell'equivalenza Method of valuing and accounting for associated companies in the consolidated financial statements based on the percentage of net asset value held.
equity paper / Beteiligungspapier / titre de participation / titolo di partecipazione Certificated equity instrument or dividend-right certificate. See also share.
equity portfolio / Aktienportefeuille / portefeuille d'actions / portafoglio azionario Also: share portfolio. Portfolio which is invested in equities and to a small extent in money market investments and where the investment objective is to achieve a high long-term return on the international equity markets through capital gains and forex revenues.
equity ratio / (1) Eigenfinanzierungsgrad (2) Eigenkapitalquote / coefficient d'autofinancement / grado di autofinanziamento (1) Ratio of a company's equity to its entire capital. See also self-financing.
(2) Basic ratio which expresses equity capital as a percentage of a company's total assets.
equity return See also dividend yield.
equity security / Dividendenwert; Dividendenpapier / valeur à revenu variable / titolo azionario Security with an entitlement to share in profits, as against fixed-income securities with an entitlement to interest payments. Shares, participation and dividend-right certificates are equity securities. See also dividend.
estimated value / Schatzungswert / valeur d'estimation / valore di stima Also: appraised value. Value of a real estate property based on an appraisal carried out by experts.
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Eu
EUA Abbr.: for European unit of account.
European Monetary Union / Europäische Währungsunion / Union économique et monétaire européenne / Unione monetaria europea Abbr. EMU. The convergence of monetary policy which occurred on 1 January 1999 amongst the majority of EU member states. This convergence led to the introduction of the euro, the common European currency, in the countries party to the agreement.
EURCO European Composite Unit. European Unit of Account.
Eurex / Eurex / Eurex / Eurex Umbrella organization founded jointly in the second half of 1998 by the Swiss Exchange and Deutsche Börse AG to operate the first ever cross-border futures market. The merger of SOFFEX and DTB Deutsche Terminbörse produced a common platform for full electronic trading and clearing of derivatives instruments. One of the world's largest derivatives exchanges. Website: www.eurexchange.com.
Euribor Abbreviation for Euro Interbank Offered Rate, the interest rate at which euro interbank term deposits within the euro zone are offered by one prime bank to another prime bank.
euro / Euro / euro / euro Single currency for European Monetary Union (EMU) launched on 1 January 1999.
euro area Synonym for Eurozone.
Euro Traveller's Cheque / Euro Traveller Cheque / Euro Traveller Cheque / Euro Travellers Cheque Brand of travellers cheque accepted throughout the world and marketed by a large number of financial institutions.