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Impacts- Econ Bad- Health
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- Impacts- Econ Bad- A2: Health
Impacts- Econ Bad- HealthGrowth bad – health Elkins 4 (Jules, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Is Economic Growth Bad for Your Health?, http://paa2005.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=50706, 9/22/04, AD: 7/6/09) The type of industrialization underway in today’s developing countries provides a poignant example of the pernicious side of economic growth. It is a process marked by rapid urbanization, crowding, poor access to clean water, and high levels of industrial pollution. The adverse health consequences of these by-products of industrial growth have proven difficult to accurately measure, since industrialization also has positive effects, the most salient of which lie in rising incomes. Moreover, there is little available data from developing countries to analyze this relationship. But it is an important relationship, given the rapid pace of industrialization in many developing countries over the last several decades. This study employs a purpose-built dataset rich in health, socioeconomic and manufacturing data that allows us to circumvent the lack of credible pollution data, by linking pollution to health outcomes via industrial activity in a rapidly industrializing developing country, Indonesia. The research design builds upon work using ‘natural experiments’ to circumvent problems in identification due to omitted variables. In the case of health and pollution, the omitted variables problem arises because pollution is not random, and so it has proven difficult to control for all the variables that may impact health other than pollution, but that incidentally accompany pollution. The natural experiment this paper exploits is the Indonesian financial crisis in 1997-98, which caused large reductions in manufacturing and pollution in some areas of the country and little change in others. A plausible presumption is that the omitted variables problem is drastically reduced when the research design is based on comparisons of changes across districts during a short time of rapid change. Results from the quasi-experimental design show that the change in incidence of all respiratory problems, coughing, and breathing difficulty was positively correlated with the sub-district’s change in pollution, and was significant at the one percent level. Other health problems, including fever, headache, flu, accidents, mortality, disruptions of daily activities, doctor visits, and medication were insignificant or negative, except for the change in incidence of diarrhea (significant at 1 percent) and overall poor health (barely significant at 5 percent, t=2.05). Results from the quasi-experimental design tend to be insensitive to the inclusion of a wide variety of controls, which provides an indirect measure of the validity of the main assumption of this study design – that the treatment is close to randomly assigned. Globalization causes disease- extinction Neubauer 5 (Deane, 5/18, http://www.international.ucla.edu/africa/grca/publications/article.asp?parentid=107420) ET Contemporary globalization is reproducing the classic conditions historically associated with the emergence of infectious diseases and the periodically recurring pattern of epidemics and pandemics. This chapter explores the current relationship of rapid globalization with emergent infectious disease and links it to other globalization elements that both define and impinge on the generalized notion of “health infrastructure.” The dynamics of contemporary globalization are contributing to various institutional gaps that make dealing with infectious disease increasingly difficult and threaten concentrated human populations with potential calamity. Historically, the classic conditions associated with epidemics include rapid increases and migration of populations, crowded urban conditions that concentrate the poor, weak regulatory structures that inhibit effective intervention, climate changes associated with higher temperatures, and dislocation of traditional boundaries between microbial and human populations. (McNeill, 1976) Very rapid urbanization and its persistent association with increased poverty act to reproduce many of these conditions. What Kofi Annan has called “the urbanization of poverty” [1] results from the pattern of growth without development that Fantu Cheru situates at the core of the complex of events in which increasing numbers of the world’s poor find themselves. Growth without development leads to a weak state in which “public health” broadly defined struggles to gain an effective institution foothold. Impacts- Econ Bad- A2: HealthEconomic Growth doesn’t solve disease Szreter 97 (Simon, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2137377) Over the Long Term the processes of reapid economic growth seem to be strongly correlated with improvements in the prosperity and health of a society. Hence derives the commonplace notion that economic growth results in development. This essay argues that, contrary to this widely held opinion, economic growth entails critical challenges and threats to the health and welfare of the populations involved and does not, therefore, necessarily produce development. Since the 1940’s economic and demographic historians, social scientists, and policymakers have broadly accepted that each national trajectory of sustained economic growth has always been attended by a “demographic transition,” a process in which a pronounced fall in national mortality levels (and also fertility levels) occurs as a result of the gains to national wealth. In fact the idea of a demographic transition, both as a theory and as a general historical model, has been subjected both to fundamental conceptual criticism and to empirical refutation. Important counter-examples have been uncovered, such as historic France with its fertility decline occurring before either rapid economic growth or mortality decline, and contemporary states such as Kerala, Costa Rica, Sri Lanka, and china. . Download 0.75 Mb. Share with your friends:
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