not commonly used to describe geographic patterns?
a.
|
distributive
|
d.
|
random
|
b.
|
linear
|
e.
|
all of the above are commonly used adjectives to describe spatial patterns.
|
c.
|
centralized
|
____ 62. The azimuthal map best reflects what class of map projection?
a.
|
Planar
|
d.
|
Conic
|
b.
|
Oval
|
e.
|
Cylindrical
|
c.
|
Mercator
|
____ 63. A dot density map is used to:
a.
|
show distributions.
|
d.
|
show environmental features.
|
b.
|
show population by state.
|
e.
|
explain election results.
|
c.
|
illustrate resource usage.
|
____ 64. Perceptual regions:
a.
|
describe the range of a good or service.
|
d.
|
are not considered of any importance to geographers.
|
b.
|
are more vigorously structured than formal or functional regions.
|
e.
|
define areas only as far as the eye can see.
|
c.
|
reflect feelings and images rather than objective data.
|
____ 65. A map that presents a single class of statistics is called a:
a.
|
thematic map.
|
d.
|
reference map.
|
b.
|
mental map.
|
e.
|
location map.
|
c.
|
general purpose map.
|
____ 66. Which of the following is the primary assumption of environmental determinism?
a.
|
The physical environment controls human culture.
|
d.
|
Human destiny is controlled by the cultural environment.
|
b.
|
The physical environment has little influence on humans.
|
e.
|
Humans have complete control over the physical environment.
|
c.
|
Many human adaptations are possible within a specific human environment.
|
____ 67. What geographical approach suggests that humans possess the ability to dominate their environment rather than that they are defined by the environment?
a.
|
Socioecology approach
|
d.
|
Environmental determinist approach
|
b.
|
Possiblist approach
|
e.
|
Temperate approach
|
c.
|
Animistic approach
|
____ 68. Which map scale shows the most detail?
a.
|
1:24,000
|
d.
|
1:800,000
|
b.
|
1:250,000
|
e.
|
1:100,000
|
c.
|
1:62,500
|
____ 69. The distance North and South of the equator is the:
a.
|
Prime Meridian.
|
d.
|
global grid system.
|
b.
|
scale.
|
e.
|
latitude.
|
c.
|
longitude.
|
____ 70. A Robinson projection distorts:
a.
|
size
|
d.
|
all of the above but to a minimal extent
|
b.
|
position
|
e.
|
none of the above
|
c.
|
shape
|
____ 71. What is the difference between GPS and GIS
a.
|
GPS uses GIS data
|
d.
|
GPS is the layering of data, whereas GIS is the gathering of data.
|
b.
|
GIS is the layering of data whereas GPS is the gathering of data.
|
e.
|
GPS correlates with GIS, but GIS does not correlate with GPS.
|
c.
|
GIS uses GPS data to determine location
|
____ 72. Mathematical calculations using latitude and longitude allow us to determine the
a.
|
physical site characteristics of all places on earth
|
d.
|
arrangement of objects on the earth’s surface
|
b.
|
toponym of a particular place
|
e.
|
relative location of a particular place
|
c.
|
absolute location of a particular place
|
____ 73. Place names may also be called
a.
|
site factors
|
d.
|
perceptual regions
|
b.
|
toponyms
|
e.
|
artifacts
|
c.
|
isoglosses
|
____ 74. Which of the following is not a subfield of human geography?
a.
|
behavioral
|
d.
|
political
|
b.
|
cultural
|
e.
|
atmosphere
|
c.
|
economic
|
____ 75. Distortion can be defined as:
a.
|
the willingness of people to travel over a certain distance on the earth.
|
d.
|
a technique for giving each location on the earch a corresponding place on a flat surface.
|
b.
|
a mathmatical formula for translating cultural understandings of mountains
|
e.
|
the error in accuracy that occurs in all maps
|
c.
|
the difference in a specific site when viewed from different angles.
|
____ 76. Which of the following is NOT a physical site characteristic?
a.
|
amount of rainfall
|
d.
|
type of vegetation
|
b.
|
the location of a smaller street in relation to a main street
|
e.
|
type of soil
|
c.
|
elevation
|
____ 77. Site refers to the:
a.
|
proximity to natural resources
|
d.
|
precise location of the center of a city
|
b.
|
way people feel about a place.
|
e.
|
external features of a place
|
c.
|
internal locational attributes of place
|
____ 78. The linking of places by common traits or characteristics is defined as:
a.
|
area
|
d.
|
location
|
b.
|
place
|
e.
|
region
|
c.
|
zone
|
____ 79. The idea that people, and not their environment, are the forces that create cultural development is called:
a.
|
animism.
|
d.
|
possibilism.
|
b.
|
sycretism.
|
e.
|
cultural ecology.
|
c.
|
environmental determinism.
|
____ 80. The U.S. government agency most directly responsible for counting and collecting information about the country’s inhabitants is the
a.
|
Census Bureau
|
d.
|
Office of Administration
|
b.
|
Office of Management and Budget
|
e.
|
Federal Reserve Board
|
c.
|
Department of Health and Human Services
|
____ 81. The distance between the North and South Poles is:
a.
|
90 degrees
|
d.
|
360 degrees
|
b.
|
450 degrees
|
e.
|
180 degrees
|
c.
|
0 degrees
|
____ 82. Using any map projection, there will always be some distortion because:
a.
|
the map scale is changed
|
d.
|
a map has to depict the curved surface of the three-dimentional on a two-dimensional sheet of paper.
|
b.
|
some spatial phenomena are not tangible or visible
|
e.
|
equivalent projections must be distinguished from conformal ones.
|
c.
|
Peter Frampton was using a wah-wah pedal.
|
____ 83. What is the term for the phenomenon that the farther a feature moves from a hearth, the less dominant it is?
a.
|
Regional analysis
|
d.
|
Central place
|
b.
|
Sequent occupance
|
e.
|
Distance decay
|
c.
|
Concentric circle
|
____ 84. This computer system captures, stores, analyzes, and displays data. It measures the position of an object on earth and stores it in a computer along with countless other specific measurements. Each type of information may be stored in a layer, and then layers may be combined to present the overall image.
The computer system identified above would most likely be helpful in solving problems related to:
a.
|
core-periphery relationships
|
d.
|
the viability of building houses on hillsides
|
b.
|
identification of ethnic settlement patterns
|
e.
|
determination of precise absolute locations on earth
|
c.
|
navigation of airplanes and ships
|
____ 85. If it is 12:00 noon Geenwich Mean Time (GMT), what time will it be in Los Angeles, California?
a.
|
7:00 am
|
d.
|
4:00 am
|
b.
|
8:00 pm
|
e.
|
3:00 pm
|
c.
|
12:00 am
|
____ 86. 
The map above, showing U.S. states by population density is an example of:
a.
|
a choropleth thematic map
|
d.
|
a Robinson projection
|
b.
|
an isoline topographic map
|
e.
|
a dot density map
|
c.
|
a cartogram
|
____ 87. What does the Peters Projection try to correct from the Mercatur Projection?
a.
|
the difficulty of navigation using the Mercatur projection
|
d.
|
All of the above
|
b.
|
relative size of countries and land masses.
|
e.
|
none of the above
|
c.
|
the shape of continents and oceans.
|
____ 88. Geographers call the name given to a portion of the Earth’s surface as its:
a.
|
toposequence
|
d.
|
topography
|
b.
|
toponym
|
e.
|
topothemornin’
|
c.
|
topohilia
|
____ 89. Which term refers to the physical character of a location?
a.
|
Place
|
d.
|
Site
|
b.
|
Situation
|
e.
|
Relative location
|
c.
|
Absolute location
|
____ 90. Identify the characteristic of situation.
a.
|
direction
|
d.
|
climate
|
b.
|
the location of a place relateive to other places
|
e.
|
time and place
|
c.
|
position or status with regards to conditions and circumstances
|
____ 91. The Mercator projection was invented by a Flemish cartographer in the 16th century with the main purpose of:
a.
|
representing absolute and relative locations
|
d.
|
more accurately depicting areas in the high north and south lattitudes
|
b.
|
accurately comparing land masses in terms of area
|
e.
|
navigating ships across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe and the Americas.
|
c.
|
correcting distortions of earlier projections
|
____ 92. What geographical feature usually distinguishes time zones?
a.
|
6 degrees of Kevin Bacon
|
d.
|
15 degrees of latitude
|
b.
|
5 degrees of latitude
|
e.
|
15 degrees of longitude
|
c.
|
5 degrees of longitude
|
____ 93. What map scale would a cartographer choose if one inch on a map represents 54,000 inches on the ground?
a.
|
1:24,000
|
d.
|
54,000:1
|
b.
|
1:54,000
|
e.
|
1:10.23
|
c.
|
24,000/1
|
____ 94. If you were measuring the concentration of white Americans using a dot density map, which threshhold would place a greater visual emphasis on rural areas?
a.
|
one dot per 150,000 Americans
|
d.
|
one dot per 3000 white Americans
|
b.
|
one dot per 100,000 white
|
e.
|
The proportion is insignificant to the emphasis.
|
c.
|
one dot per50,000 white Americans
|
____ 95. If two cities are six inches apart on a map with a scale of 1: 60,200, how far apart are they on the surface of the earth?
a.
|
500 miles
|
d.
|
200 miles
|
b.
|
12 miles
|
e.
|
8 miles
|
c.
|
5.7 miles
|
____ 96. Cultural ecology studies the:
a.
|
relationship between site and situation.
|
d.
|
interactions between places through space.
|
b.
|
relationship between language and culture.
|
e.
|
interactions between human societies and the physical environment.
|
c.
|
relationship between different map projections.
|
____ 97. Chicago, IL is located on Lake Michigan. Several streets follow the Chicago river that, thanks to human engineering now flows out of Lake Michigan. These features refer most directly to Chicago’s:
a.
|
gentrification
|
d.
|
relative location
|
b.
|
situation
|
e.
|
gerrymandering
|
c.
|
site
|
____ 98. Human geography is best defined as the study of:
a.
|
humanity’s ability to impact the earth.
|
d.
|
death and birth rates.
|
b.
|
the impact of the earth on humanity.
|
e.
|
where and why human activities are located.
|
c.
|
where and why natural forces occur as they do.
|
____ 99. This computer system captures, stores, analyzes, and displays data. It measures the position of an object on earth and stores it in a computer along with countless other specific measurements. Each type of information may be stored in a layer, and then layers may be combined to present the overall image.
The statement above refers to which of the following?
a.
|
U.S. census tracting
|
d.
|
a GPS
|
b.
|
a GIS
|
e.
|
a local-global continuum
|
c.
|
a spatial data pattern
|
____ 100. Which of the following modern trends is most directly responsible for the phenomenon of space-time compression?
a.
|
regionalization
|
d.
|
globalization
|
b.
|
acculturation
|
e.
|
fragmentation
|
c.
|
democratization
|
____ 101. Which of the following makes the most direct use of a series of satellites, tracking stations, and recievers to determine precise location on earth?
a.
|
a Peters map projection
|
d.
|
a Robinson map projection
|
b.
|
a Mercator map projection
|
e.
|
a GPS
|
c.
|
a GIS
|
____ 102. Arithmetic density
a.
|
is an absolute relationship such as population per square kilometer
|
d.
|
is more meaningful than physiological density
|
b.
|
cannot be used to compare regions
|
e.
|
refers to the number of persons per unit of arable land
|
c.
|
refers to the amount of farmers per unit of arable land
|
____ 103. Environmenal determinism was replaced by which approach to geography in the late 20th century?
a.
|
Hierarchical approach
|
d.
|
Possiblist approach
|
b.
|
Vernacular approach
|
e.
|
Stimulus approach
|
c.
|
Distribution approach
|
____ 104. Which of the following is the BEST reason why the Peters Projection is controversial?
a.
|
It exaggerates the size of landmasses the farthest away from the equator.
|
d.
|
It favors North America and Europe by making them appear larger than they really are.
|
b.
|
It does not accurately compare landmasses in terms of area.
|
e.
|
It distorts the familiar shapes of the continents and other large landmasses.
|
c.
|
It makes all bodies of water, including oceans, appear larger than they are.
|
____ 105. The geographer who first calculated the earth’s circumference with relative accuracy was
a.
|
George Perkins Marsh
|
d.
|
Ptolemy
|
b.
|
Carl Sauer
|
e.
|
Eratosthenes
|
c.
|
Idrisi
|
____ 106. Relative location defines a place in terms of
a.
|
similarity to other places
|
d.
|
its distance north or south of the equator
|
b.
|
place in the arrangement of objects on the earth’s surface
|
e.
|
how central or isolated it is in relation to other places
|
c.
|
its distance east and west of the prime meridian
|
____ 107. What type of map has all lines of latitude and longitude meeting at right angles, creating much distortion at both of the polar regions?
a.
|
Mercator projection
|
d.
|
Molleweide projection
|
b.
|
Azimuthal projection
|
e.
|
Robinson projection
|
c.
|
Goodes-homsoline projection
|
____ 108. The essential perspective used by geographers in forming theier concepts is:
a.
|
absolute
|
d.
|
spatial
|
b.
|
relative
|
e.
|
temporal
|
c.
|
human
|
____ 109. If it is 9 A.M. in New York City, what time would it be in Los Angeles (assuming both are on standard time?
a.
|
10 A.M.
|
d.
|
1 P.M.
|
b.
|
6 A.M.
|
e.
|
noon
|
c.
|
7 A.M.
|
____ 110. The statement that “the journey to work is 15 minutes by bus” is an example of:
a.
|
absolute distance
|
d.
|
relative direction
|
b.
|
absolute direction
|
e.
|
relative distance
|
c.
|
distance decay
|
____ 111. Which of the following is the most important function of a toponym?
a.
|
to define a location relative to other human and physical features on the landscape
|
d.
|
to determine precise absolute locations on earth
|
b.
|
to distinguish a particular place from other places on earth
|
e.
|
to identify similarities of physical or cultural features within a region
|
c.
|
to define the mathematical relationship between the size of an area on a map and its acutal size
|
____ 112. Longetudinal meridians measure
a.
|
organization of earth’s surface into distinct areas that are viewed as different from other areas
|
d.
|
distance east and west of the prime meridian
|
b.
|
relative location of bodies of water to land masses
|
e.
|
distance north and south of the equator
|
c.
|
arrangement of objects on earth’s surface in relationship to one another
|
____ 113. Land reclamation in the form of polders and dikes has dramatically changed the ecology of:
a.
|
Nicaragua
|
d.
|
The Netherlands
|
b.
|
Nevada
|
e.
|
Namibia
|
c.
|
North Carolina
|
____ 114. Which of the following would be best illustrated by a large-scale map?
a.
|
connecting highways between towns in a region
|
d.
|
major highways that connect regions in a large country
|
b.
|
connections among major world cities
|
e.
|
the arrangement of streets in a village
|
c.
|
major road crossings in a town
|
____ 115. Taking photoes of Earth from space is also called
a.
|
geographic positioning systems
|
d.
|
geographic information systems
|
b.
|
aerial photography
|
e.
|
satellite imagery
|
c.
|
remote photography
|
____ 116. In approximately 365 1/4 days, the earth completes:
a.
|
one lunar event.
|
d.
|
one decade.
|
b.
|
one rotation.
|
e.
|
one revolution.
|
c.
|
one leap year
|
____ 117. Saying, “Louisville, Kentucky is located at 38 degrees north, 85 degrees west” is giving Louisville’s:
a.
|
relative location
|
d.
|
situation
|
b.
|
region
|
e.
|
absolute location
|
c.
|
site
|
____ 118. Which of the following distorts sizes on a map to illustrate population differences?
a.
|
a cartogram
|
d.
|
a Gall-Peters projection
|
b.
|
a choropleth thematic map
|
e.
|
a dot density map
|
c.
|
an isoline topographic map.
|
____ 119. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a map based on the Mercator projection?
a.
|
South America and Africa appear much larger than they really are
|
d.
|
Sizes of areas, especially those close to the North and South Poles, are greatly exaggerated
|
b.
|
True direction is difficult to determine
|
e.
|
Land masses in the southern hemisphere appear to be much smaller than they really are
|
c.
|
Shapes of land masses in the middle latitudes are greatly distorted
|
____ 120. Which of the following is a pattern common in the United States because of the land survey techniques adopted under the Ordinance of 1785?
a.
|
centralized
|
d.
|
rectilinear
|
b.
|
formal
|
e.
|
linear
|
c.
|
random
|
____ 121. The visible imprint of human activity is known as:
a.
|
the cultural landscape
|
d.
|
the attributes of setting
|
b.
|
spatial interaction
|
e.
|
the natural landscape
|
c.
|
a bird’s-eye view
|
____ 122. The prime meridian is what degree of longitude?
a.
|
180 degrees
|
d.
|
45 degrees west
|
b.
|
90 degrees south
|
e.
|
45 degrees east
|
c.
|
0 degrees
|
____ 123. An advantage of the Peters map projection is that it
a.
|
has curving meridians that curve gently and avoid extremes
|
d.
|
represents lines of constant compass bearing
|
b.
|
does not exaggerate the size of areas to the extreme north and extreme south
|
e.
|
accurately compares land masses in terms of area
|
c.
|
does not distort shapes
|
____ 124. What is the best definition of a cognitive or mental map?
a.
|
a cognitive map includes information about human populations.
|
d.
|
none of the above is an accurate description of a cognitive map.
|
b.
|
a cognitive map provides comprehensive information about places.
|
e.
|
a cognitive map is drawn from memory.
|
c.
|
a cognitive map has minimal distortion.
|
____ 125. Site is one of four ways to identify loction. What are the other three ways to answer the ‘where’ question?
a.
|
mathematical location, situation, place-name
|
d.
|
latitude, elevation, place-name
|
b.
|
climate, topography, altitude
|
e.
|
water sources, soil, vegitation
|
c.
|
language, religion, ethnicity
|
____ 126. Which of the following would have the smallest map scale?
a.
|
Map of Bolivia
|
d.
|
Map of the Solar System
|
b.
|
Map of Round Lake
|
e.
|
Map of South America
|
c.
|
Map of Nebraska
|
____ 127. All of the following are correct statements about time zones EXCEPT:
a.
|
Time zones were established to facilitate the planting and harvesting of crops.
|
d.
|
The People’s Republic of China has only one time zone.
|
b.
|
International time zones were established in 1884 to facilitate international communication.
|
e.
|
Most time zones are areas about 15 degrees wide.
|
c.
|
Standard time zones were established in the United States in 1883 to accommodate internal railroad travel.
|
____ 128. Longitude is to the prime meridian as latitude is to:
a.
|
Equator
|
d.
|
South Pole
|
b.
|
North Pole
|
e.
|
Tropic of Cancer
|
c.
|
Tropic of Capricorn
|
____ 129. The art and science of mapmaking is called
a.
|
territorial morphology
|
d.
|
physical geography
|
b.
|
cartography
|
e.
|
topography
|
c.
|
spatial analysis
|
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