United States Thoroughfare, Landmark, and Postal Address Data Standard (Final Draft)
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- 2.4.1.1 Working With Address Reference Systems
- 2.4.1.2 Types of Address Reference Systems
- 2.4.1.3 Axial Type Address Reference Systems
- 2.4.1.4 Linear Non-Axial Address Reference Systems
- 2.4.1.5 Area-Based Systems
2.4 Address Reference Systems2.4.1 Address Reference Systems IntroductionAn Address Reference System establishes the framework of rules, both spatial and non-spatial, adopted by an Address Authority for assigning addresses within the area it administers. The rules, in turn, provide the basis for address data quality tests that detect address anomalies and errors. The Address Reference System includes, as needed, rules governing address numbering, street naming, block definition, subaddresses (suites, offices, apartments, etc.), and place names. The Address Reference System may also define address baselines, polylines, and breaklines to guide address numbering throughout the area. Finally, for identification and reference, an Address Reference System includes a name and identifier, the name of the Address Reference System Authority that administers it, the boundary of the area it administers, and reference to the official documents and maps where the rules are codified. 2.4.1.1 Working With Address Reference SystemsAddress Reference Systems provide a framework for address assignment and for quality assurance of addresses. In order to use these within a Geographic Information System, the components of a system must be structured into a layer that includes the extent of the system (Address Reference System Extent), and the reference grids, lines or points that govern address numbering throughout the area. In many cases, such grids have been constructed as graphic features that are not structured in a way to make them useful for developing Address Reference System Axis lines, Address Reference System Axis Point Of Beginning locations, Address Reference System Reference Polylines, Address Reference System Range Breakpoints, Address Reference System Range Breaklines and for use in evaluating whether a specific address point falls in the correct place relative to the Address Reference System Rules. Thus it is important that the Address Reference System be created as intelligent geometry providing the tools needed to evaluate any address point found within the Address Reference System. It should also, where appropriate, utilize existing centerlines or other existing features so that exact matching is possible. 2.4.1.2 Types of Address Reference SystemsAddress Reference Systems differ in detail from locality to locality, but in the United States all Address Reference Systems fit into one of three broad categories: axial, linear non-axial, and area-based. The categories differ fundamentally in whether and how the street system governs address numbering, and secondarily in the elements needed to compose them. Figure 1 diagrams the types and elements. Table 1 lists for each Address Reference System type, the elements required and permitted to compose it. 
2.4.1.3 Axial Type Address Reference SystemsIn axial Address Reference Systems, address numbering is organized around axes. The axes may be thoroughfares, rail lines, rivers, or imaginary lines (such as section lines in PLSS areas, lines of latitude and/or longitude, or arbitrarily drawn lines). Address axes typically extend from a common point of origin (the local "zero" point for address numbers), and all numbers increase with distance from the point of origin. The axes, in turn, define the zero point for numbering along streets that cross the axes. Most commonly, axial systems organize the streets and address numbering into a grid. In a simple case, if Main Street ran north-south from the town square, and State Street ran east-west, then:
Often the geometric grid is interrupted or deformed by terrain, rivers, highways, rail lines, parks, or other major features. Occasionally there are more than four axes, or numbering does not begin at the same point for all axes. 2.4.1.4 Linear Non-Axial Address Reference SystemsIn a linear non-axial Address Reference System, each thoroughfare is addressed independently of the other thoroughfares. There are no axes and there is no grid. Each thoroughfare has its own point of beginning for address numbering, and and numbers proceed according to an Address Reference System Numbering Rule from that point to the end of the thoroughfare or the boundary of the Address Reference System. Linear non-axial address reference systems are typically found in areas where the road network is sparse and intersections are few. 2.4.1.5 Area-Based SystemsIn area-based Address Reference Systems, Complete Address Numbers are not assigned along a thoroughfare, but within an area. Inside the area, Complete Address Numbers might be assigned according to a spatial pattern (around the block, for example), or by parcel or lot numbers, or chronologically as the buildings are built. Area-based Address Reference Systems are rare in the United States, but they may be found in gated communities, housing projects, Puerto Rican urbanizations, trailer courts, small tribal settlements, military bases, small islands, campgrounds, and similar developments. Table 1: Required, Optional, and Inapplicable Elements for Each Type of Address Reference System
Note: R - Required; O = Optional; NA = Not Applicable Directory: standards standards -> Request for proposal contract form for the transit industry standards -> Indiana Academic Standards Resource Guide Grade 8 United States History – Growth and Development (to 1877) Updated April 2016 standards -> Us history Dictionary Based on the sc state Standards standards -> Integrating Standards Education into the Business School Curriculum standards -> Use of Sprint U301 3G/4g mobile Broadband usb device Installation standards -> International organisation for standardisation organisation internationale de normalisation standards -> Standards of Excellence standards -> Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (ccssm) Download 4.55 Mb. Share with your friends:
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