Vojenské rozhledy 1/2000, Czech Military Review [vr no 1/2000] English Annotation The Alliance Dimension of Conceptual Frame of Security And Defence Policy of the Czech Republic
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- VOJENSKÉ ROZHLEDY 1/2001, Czech Military Review [VR No 1/2001] English Annotation Strategic Defence Review of the Czech Republic
- Quo Vadis, Army
- Question Marks of Military Art
- The Doctrine of the Army of the CR
- MILITARY ART Territorial Forces, Military Threat and NATO
- Psychological and Information Operations
PERSONAL DATABrigadier General Raymund Mrázek by PhDr. Zdeněk Vališ. His military career was not extraordinary at those days. During Word War I he served in the Austro-Hungarian army. In Russia he became a prisoner of war, lately he joined the Czech Legion. As a career soldier of the Czechoslovak Army he went through many commanding and staff positions, e.g. he served as a commander of artillery battery, studied at the War School at Prague. In 1934 he became the Chief of the Staff of Inspector General of the Czechoslovak Army. In the course of mobilization 1938 Colonel Mrázek was a sub-chief of the Second Corps. During World War II he worked in the car industry and at the same time he fulfilled some intelligence tasks. In the Czech May Uprising in 1945 he was appointed the Chief of Staff of the illegal military Command Alex. After the war he became a military attaché in Moscow. He was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General. But very shortly after that, he was withdrawn and forced to retire. Retired general, as a dedicated anticommunist, was convinced that very soon new war would break out. He planned that—together with the former members of World War II illegal organization Alex—they would form new illegal organization that would set General Píka free (by power of arms) from communist prison. It was planned that General Píka would become a leader of anticommunist revolt. Unfortunately, in November 1948, they all were arrested. Raymund Mrázek was demoted, all medals and decorations were taken away. He was sentenced firstly to life imprisonment, which was lately changed to 25 years of confinement. In prison, he met most of his old friends, some even from the Czech Legion in Russia. He tries to revise his trial, because of insufficient evidences that served as a base for his imprisonment, but the appeals were refused. With broken health he was released only under the President’s amnesty in 1960. [VR No 4/2000] VOJENSKÉ ROZHLEDY 1/2001, Czech Military Review [VR No 1/2001] English Annotation Strategic Defence Review of the Czech Republic by Maj.Gen. Ing. Petr Voznica, CSc., and Col. Ing. Oldřich Hoďánek. There has been an increase in the intensity of building European defence and security structures, based on the Western European Union, or the European Union respectively, which together with the dynamic development of international surrounding indisputably leads to the updating of key security and strategy documents of the Czech Republic. Consequently, the Czech Minister of Defence decided—in relation to the novelisation of ”Security Strategy of the CR” and ”Military Strategy of the CR” documents—to realize the so-called Strategic Review of the Defence of the Czech Republic. The main reason for such revision is above all the necessity to properly reflect several new facts. They are among others: (i) our admission to the NATO alliance, (ii) new, revised Strategy Concept of the Alliance, and (iii) Defence Capability Initiative, which is the programme basically concentrated on the improvement of our military potential. We follow the example of both British strategic defence review and other NATO countries. The main result of such revision ought to be the proposal of optimalised strength of the Czech Army. We are going to outline its shapes in the horizon of 10-15 years. Alternatives of future development will be verified by means of computer programme DRMM (Defence Resource Management Model) that was provided to our department by the US Ministry of Defence even in 1996. The whole process is under supervision of Maj. Gen. Voznica, the chief of Defence Planning Section, who is also one of the authors of this article. [VR No 1/2001] Quo Vadis, Army? by Lt.Col. Ing. Jan Váňa. Whither goest thou, the Army of the Czech Republic? How far are you from true partnership in NATO? What about the integration? Those are the questions the answers of which the author is eagerly looking for. Common defence is the bottom line from which all other things are unreeled. NATO has two levels. The first one is the organization in Brussels, staffs, technical personnel, etc., the other one is the level of individual member states. Both levels live in mutual co-existence, fully respect each other, its role and mission. NATO is also an association of nineteen businessmen. Finance and national firms play an important part of defence structures. NATO Security Investment Programme is a mechanism of placing (distributing) common money in membership countries. There is a difference between to wish and to have. Pooling sources, or sharing assets, will remain only label without factual meaning if individual countries would not be willing to share their sources with others. But business is winner, all the time, national interest prevail. What do we mean by the term ”national security interest”? NATO is two way street, one can’t only to take, he must also give. Integration is not only the question of standardization agreements, allied publications, or integrated air defence system. At the first place, there is the ideological integration in our minds, (which of course does not mean that we cease to be the Czechs). And at the end of this process we shall not speak about NATO, because we shall be NATO. [VR No 1/2001] Question Marks of Military Art by Ing. Josef Janošec, CSc., and Col. GSO Ing. Vlastimil Galatík, CSc. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the state the Czech Military Art, and raise more interest among reading public in further development of military art, because its progress is necessary for the increase in our military potential. At the beginning, the article shortly summarizes history of military art studies after 1989. After many changes, the Institute of Strategic Studies in Brno came into being. And what are the question marks mentioned in the title? The first question mark is the problem of sustained means for its scholarly activities. The second question mark is the relation between our own military art and that of the Alliance. The third question mark is the problem of scholarly personnel. Shall we have enough people? The fourth question mark is the support from the part of the General Staff of the ACR and NATO organs. The fifth question mark is basic orientation of military art, its rating according to defence priorities and trends in defence technologies. The sixth question mark is a sort of internationalization of military art that we perceive especially in military missions. And finally, the last question mark is financing military studies. Authors emphasize fact that without developing our own independent research in the field of military theory, we can’t contribute to the development of Alliance structures and ultimately to exert positive influence of our army. They would also like to give thanks to Lt.Gen. Doc. Ing. František Podešva, CSc., who helped a lot with working up the Doctrine of the Army of the CR. [VR No 1/2001] The Doctrine of the Army of the CR (with a foreword by Lt.Gen. Ing. Jiří Šedivý, Chief of Czech General Staff). Broadly to say, the doctrine is a body of principles that is taught or advocated. This military doctrine represents brand-new dimension of army thinking. It requires all-round preparedness, rapid employment of forces, in various geographical conditions, in wide spectrum of operations, ranging from the defence of state boarders to employment in operations other than war. The doctrine is not a mere summary of rules and directives, but more an architectural support or base for commanders, of their thinking, which creates awareness about army’s missions and assignments. It helps them to see future aims and objectives lying ahead. Even though this doctrine will be novelized in the future, together with other military documents, it would represent basic guideline and clue for commanders’ corps. It is accompanied by several other supporting doctrines: personnel doctrine, defence intelligence doctrine, operational doctrine, logistics doctrine and finally that of command and control systems. [VR No 1/2001] MILITARY ART Territorial Forces, Military Threat and NATO by Col. GSO Ing. Milan Kubeša, CSc. After March 1999, the Czech Republic, as a NATO member, could have less troubles in comparison with the previous cold-war period. The defence of individual members of NATO belongs to the scope of duties of all Alliance nations. Under Article 5 (the North Atlantic Treaty), they agree that an armed attack against one of them will be considered an attack against them all. If such an armed attack occurs, each of them, under Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist others, including the use of armed force. Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result will be immediately reported to the Security Council. For this purpose, NATO dislocates individual Commands and respective armies. Responsibilities of combined joint operations are divided between ”Alliance” and ”national” forces, at least till the time the ”European” force might be formed. Every member state must solve territorial defence. Territorial forces have core position in the whole defence system. They play several roles: rescue and humanitarian ones, support and educational (training). Territorial forces also fulfil combatant and non-combatant tasks, standard and non-standard operations. Those forces are in fact prospective forces, especially in view of gradual integration to NATO, as they will play more and more important role in European defence system, tied together by Alliance co-operation. [VR No 1/2001] Psychological and Information Operations (Their Organization during Peacekeeping Mission SFOR II) by Maj. Ing. Josef Procházka. With the use of the article by Chris Donnelly ”Reshaping European Armed Forces for the 21st Century”, published in NATO Review, Summer—Autumn 2000, the author describes his own experiences from the former Yugoslavia, where he worked in the staff of a spokesman to the Command of Multinational Division South-West (MND-SW) in Banja Luka city (capital of the Serbian Republic in Bosnia-Herzegovina). Today, the author underlines, all over the world, the enormous role is played by mass media. They accompany both armed or unarmed conflicts and interventions. Their role is now so fundamental that they are considered as a basic factor in any threat and response, because they become a medium in which every operation takes place. In the past, governments and ministries of defence used to have some degree of control over media coverage, but such situation does not exist any more. Conflicts are no longer confined only to combatants. Via mass media, conflicts go on in front of wide audience and appeal to individual interest groups. As far as the civil-military co-operation (CIMIC) is concerned, very useful means were press conferences that were organized regularly, in the Office of the High Representative and in harmony with the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 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