Vojenské rozhledy 1/2000, Czech Military Review [vr no 1/2000] English Annotation The Alliance Dimension of Conceptual Frame of Security And Defence Policy of the Czech Republic
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Global Terrorism: the Most Serious Security Threat of the Present Day by PhDr. Jan Eichler, CSc. With us, even at the early 90s the terrorism was not regarded as a real threat. It was mostly labelled as a “risk”. This attitude was changed in the middle of the last decade of the previous century, after inhumane, brutal, cold-blooded attacks. The 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States by al Qaeda represent the dividing line in the history of wars. Terrorism differs from guerrilla warfare. Guerrilla fighters are usually politically motivated armed force that combats stronger regular force, such as the army or police. But terrorists use systematically violence and intimidation against civilian targets, unarmed civilian population. Unseparable part of modern terrorism is its support by anonymous states that assist, support and harbour terrorists. The conflict is global, it is covering and influencing the whole world. The US is the only state that can wage war against global terrorism, as there is still widening economical and military gap between Europe and America, which consequently might degrade European states as strategically unimportant. [VR No 1/2004]CR Catalogization System and the Catalogization of Products by Doc. Ing. Jozef Šmondrk, Ph. D. As our country introduced “United System of Property Catalogization”, the basic responsibility of the Czech Republic (CR) is to enforce all catalogization processes within the CR territory, both in favour of home users and also those who are using NATO Codification System (NCS). This duty is one of basic predisposition of the NCS. At the international level, there are many conditions that must be fulfilled. E.g., we must take into account the fact, among others, whether respective states are in TIER I or TIER II categories. Then we may enter into bilateral agreements. This article, which is a sequel from the previous issue of the Military Review, explains procedures, methods and sequences of such process, namely the role of the so-called NATO Stock Number. The treatise is accompanied by several illustrative schemes. [VR No 1/2004] MILITARY ARTThe Place and Role of Operational Preparation of the State Territory in the Realization of Support System by Host State by Col. Ing. Jan Strbačka, CSc., Ing. Jan Englich. The authors of this article would like to demonstrate some of the relations, connections and mutual ties between operational preparation of the state territory (OPST) and host national support (HNS), which might help to solve some tasks of defence our state territory and objectives resulting from our membership in NATO alliance. Host national support (HNS) can’t be reduced only to the limited sustaining of forces on a host territory. It also covers offering human sources, deposits, supplies, services, and other infrastructure. The basis of such cooperation is an agreement between sending nation and host nation. NATO member states and institutions have full collective responsibility to make up the so-called National Support Element; the direct relation between OPST and HNS is constitued by NATO Security Investment Programme (NSIP). [VR No 1/2004] Factors Influencing Operations and Fighting in Built-up Areas (Updating ACR Objectives) by Lt.Col. Doc. Ing. Dušan Sabolčík, CSc. Current development as its result invokes the necessity to deal with the question of urbanism in frame of versatile risks, influencing forming our defence policy. The deploying the ACR has several levels, so has the theatre of operations in the urban terrain. ACR units must be able to fight at the roofs of buildings, dismounted in the streets, in city parks or sports stadions, in underground rooms, or storeys of buildings, usually used for storage, underground garages. In the space, there are spy satellites, used as a source of information and GPS. By air we can deliver various guided ammunitions and preprogrammed vehicles over the target. What is important, it is high time to adopt new rules of engagement of ground forces, standing operating procedures, with the use of PSYOPS, HUMINT and CIMIC operations. The article is a free sequel of the article by the same author from the previous number to the Military Review. . [VR No 1/2004] Focusing Intelligence Effort by Doc. Ing. Oldřich Horák, CSc. The concentration of intelligence endeavour begins at moment, when the commander and his staff begin to collect information so that they could understand the situation. The commander forms the so-called commander’s critical information requirements (CCIR): firstly about the enemy, secondly about friendly forces. CCIR has therefore two categories—priority intelligence requirements (PIR) and friendly forces intelligence requirements (FFIR). Intelligence preparation of the battlefield serves for creating intelligence assessment. They determine and specify decision points, high payoff targets and high value targets. Mutual ties among PIR, SOR (specific orders or requests), SIR (specific information requirements) in the named area of interest are depicted on the two accompanying schemes and the definitions are set down into the extra table. [VR No 1/2004] OPINIONS, CONTROVERSYThe Prospective Revision of the Czech Constitution: Several Observations by Mgr. Stanislav Thurnvald, Ing. František Greiner. Nowadays, our political representation is discussing conceivable changes within the Constitution, namely parts dealing with the elections of the President of the Czech Republic. It is proper to change also other parts of the Constitution. Among similar themes, they are chapters tied with defence and security. Their philosophy is being modified, both in internal and international linkages. It would be apposite, especially now, in time of radical changes both in the ACR and in legislative (that must correspond to the changes in the Constitution). The examined items are as follows: the office of the President of the Republic as the commander-in-chief of the forces, the division of armed forces: ACR, Military Office of the President, Castle Guard (which is very often the subject of strict criticism), and the role and position of the National Security Council. [VR No 1/2004]Preventive War, or Preemptive Attack? (The Bush Doctrine and War with Iraq) The Bush administration issued its first National Security Strategy in September 2002. This article identifies and examines the Bush Doctrine’s major tenets, and assesses doctrine strengths within the context of war in Iraq. The pre-emption is not regarded as a substitution for traditional nonmilitary measures such as sanctions and coercive diplomacy or proactive counter proliferation and strengthened non-proliferation efforts. Preemption is an “ad-on”, tailored to deal with the new, nondeterable threat. But without more precise criteria by which we can judge a threat justifying the preemptive strike, the Bush Doctrine invites abuse and establishes a dangerous precedent for other to follow. It might develop principles that grant every nation an unfettered right of preemption against its own definition of threats to its security. . 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