(a) Station Locations (open dots) and All Other Retailers (solid dots)
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(b)Kuldorff’s D (solid line) with 90% (inner dotted lines) and 99% (outer dotted lines) Confidence Intervals
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Figure 6. Vancouver New Automobile Dealers
 
(a) Automobile Dealer Locations
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(b) Kuldorff’s D (solid line) with 90% (inner dotted lines) and 99% (outer dotted lines) Confidence Intervals
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Figure 7: Kulldorff's D Statistic (solid line) for Automobile Brands in Vancouver. Dotted lines Bracket the 90% and 99% Confidence Intervals.
1 The measures used consider only characteristics of the local residential population, ignoring other factors (such as local workforce population and non-local, mobile demand) that lead to clumpiness in spatial demand. Business applications that require the detailed estimation of the various sources of spatial demand for specific store types are more advanced; see, for example Birkin etal. (2010) for a summary.
2 A forward sortation area is identified by the first three of six alpha-numeric characters in the Canadian postal code system, and in urban areas cover geographic areas that are comparable in size to US Zip Code Tabulation Areas.
3 Haining (2003, pp 237-270) provides a good overview of cluster measures.
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