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INdEX1553 Bus Data Attributes 3, 4, 56, 57, 58, 64 3-bit shift register 1 3 bit shift register 3 5/6 modulation code 1 8 to 5 conversion 54 ADARIO 22, 32 ADARIO data block number 4 aggregate format 37 alignment, direct electronics 29 alignment, FM electronics 29 allocation (of a frequency band) 1 alternating tag and data 7 analog A/D overrange 7 Analog Channels 58, 60 analog over range 16 analog stereo 16 analog wide band 16 analog to digital conversion 6 annotation text 13 ARINC-429 data packets 48 ARMOR 1, 56, 59, 60, 61 assignment of a radio frequency 1 async framing error 13 asynchronous data merge 10 asynchronous embedded format 7 attenuation 8 Attributes Airborne Hardware 4, 79 Data Conversion 4, 26, 44, 56, 68, 69, 70 PAM 4
authorization 1, 3, 4 authorized bandwidth 9 azimuth 43 B format 40 back coating 1 band-limited audio 1 bandwidth 2, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 bandwidth estimation and measurement 10 Bandwidths\ Occupied Bandwidth 1 base 1, 6 basic dimension 1 below peak 13 below unmodulated carrier 12 bi-directional 2 Bi(-L 8, 9 bias level 1, 8, 12 bias recording 2 bias signal, high frequency 1 binary bit representation 2 binder 2, 7 bi phase 1 bit error 2 bit error rate 2 bit jitter 2 bit numbering 4 bit packing density, linear 2 bit rate 2, 14 Bit Rate 2, 3 bit slip 2 bit_count 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 bit-oriented 1, 2 bit-oriented characteristics 1 block length 11 block marker divisor 5 block rate clock 12 Block Status Word, 1553 34 block sync 11, 12 block_count 13 blocking 2 buffer overflow tag 3 bus data military standard 7 bus error 1 bus identification tag 3 bus loading 1 bus monitor 1 Carrier Phase Ambiguity Problem 24 carrier recovery techniques 21 carrier suppression 10 Carson's rule 13 center tracks 2, 12 certification 2 channel bandwidth definitions 4 channel characteristics 1, 5 channel clock source 7 Channel Coding 59 channel ID number 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 channel parameter field 8 channel sample rate indicator 7 channel specific data PCM 23 time 30
Channel Specific Data 1553 32, 49, 51, 52 Analog 39 Discrete 45, 48 channel type 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 channelization 4 Channels\ Standard Bandwidth Channel 4 Wide Bandwidth Channel 4 class distinctions 1 clock, digital serial 13 code frame 2 code word digital sum 2 COEFFICIENTS FOR MINIMUM FREQUENCY SEPARATION 5 coherent demodulation 22, 35 commutation pattern 1 Companding Speed 8 comparator 3 compression ratio 6 continuous variable slope delta 1 Control and Status Lines 63 Control Script ‘runDEdemo’ 38 conversion speed 6 CPM 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, xix, 20, 25, 26, 27, 32 crossplay 2, 14, 17 crosstalk 2 CVSD bit rate determination 3 CVSD converter 1, 6 CVSD decoder 2, 4 CVSD reference level 5 data azimuth (dynamic) 2 data bits 10 data blocks 48 data bus 1 data conversion groups 12 data entry system 1 Data Format 1553 33
Discrete 46 IRIG Time 32 PCM 25 data randomization 14 data scatter 2 data signaling rates 5 data spacing 2, 16 data storage 42 data type 7 data zone 46 decoding technique 1 defined parameters 36 delta modulation 1 demultiplexer/demodulator 26 demux FILL requirement 37 destination data base 1, 2 deviation direction 24 differential code 21, 35 DIFFERENTIAL ENCODER 36 differential encoding 5 Differential encoding 5, 24, 30 digital cassette 40 digital cassette helical scan 29 Digital Data Attributes 3, 31 digital serial 14 digital sum variation 2 digital to analog conversion 6 digitized audio 1 dimensional specifications 5 direct electronics 29 direct electronics alignment 21 direct record parameters 18 direct recording 2, 18, 25 discriminator channel selection filters 4 double-density longitudinal recording 1 double-density recording 2 dropout 2, 3, 5, 9 dropouts 9, 12 dual redundant data bus 1 durability 10, 12 E format 40 E-Value 2 ECC 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 55 ECC code word 3 edge margin 3 edge margin minimum 3 edge tracks 2, 12 enable left subchannel 17 enable right subchannel 17 encoder output bit rate 2 environmental conditions 7 erasure 2, 12 error correcting code 3 error correction 48 Event State, Discrete 46 Examples of frequency separation 8 exchange of data 50, 52 export program 1 fibre channel 6 fifty percent duty cycle 1, 4 filemark track 44 fill 9, 10, 11, 12, 17 fill words 10 filter bandwidth 8 filter range 8 first data sample 14, 15, 16, 17 fixed formats 2 fixed frequency 19 flammable materials 5 flutter 3 flutter compensation 5, 7, 19 flux transition 3 flux transition density 3 FM electronics 29 FM electronics alignment 22 FM record parameters 24 FM record systems 22 FM recording 3 FM reproduce systems 24 FM subcarrier 1, 5 FM subcarrier performance 1, 2 FM system component considerations 3 FM transmitters 16 format 4, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 format change 6, 7 format code 6 format structure 35 format structure change 7 format types 40 Format Validation 61 format zone 46 FQPSK-B 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 35, 38, 39, 40 FQPSK-JR 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 35 fragmented words 4 frame and pulse rate 3 frame and pulse structure 1 frame format identification 7 Frame Header, PCM 28, 46 frame structure 4, 57 frame synchronization interval 1 frequency division multiplexing 1 Frequency Impulse Sequence Mapping 32 Frequency Management Group 1, xx Frequency Management Group (FMG) 1 frequency modulation 4 frequency tolerance 4, 17 frequency usage guidance 4 gap azimuth 3 gap azimuth alignment 17 gap length 17 gap length (physical) 3 gap parameters 17 gap scatter 15, 16 gap scatter (record head) 3 gap scatter (reproduce head) 4 General Data Packet Format 1553 33 Analog 38 Discrete 44 IRIG Time Data 30 PCM 15, 22 general form 11, 18 General Information 3, 5, 7 general information group 3, 7 Generic Packet Format 15 geographical separation 8 Group Relationships 5 guard band 40, 44 guardband 4 head (record or reproduce) 4 head designation 4 head identification 16 head location 16 head placement 16 head placement, interlaced 16 head polarity 15, 17 head reference plane 4 head segment 16, 17 head segment gap azimuth 4 head segment location 16 head segment numbering 4 head segment, record or reproduce 4 head spacing 4 head tilt 4, 17 heads, in line 4 heads, interlaced 5 helical scan 40 Helical Scan 14 helical track 5, 42, 47 helical tracks 43 high density digital 9 high order time 5, 6 high resolution 1, 9 high-density digital recording 5 high-density PCM recording 2, 25 idle channel noise 9 IF filter 5, 16, 18 Immunity to Carrier Phase Rotation 27 implied parameters and limits 35 import program 1 in-flight calibration 1, 72 input and output filters 5 input and output impedances 5 input band pass filter 3 input/output 32 insertion loss 8 insertion process 10 interchange medium 1, 3 interference 15, 16 interference limits 15 interleave buffer 50 interleaving 5 intermediate frequency bandwidths 18 internal sampling 15, 16, 17 internal/external clock 12, 14, 15 J/F 12 number 2 L Band 3 last data sample 14, 15, 16, 17 layer-to-layer signal transfer 2, 12 left subchannel over range 17 Length, 1553 36 load point 46 logical beginning of tape 46 logical end of tape 46 logical format 2 long term accuracy and stability 3 longitudinal recording 6 longitudinal tracks 44 low order time 5, 6 magnetic oxide coating 3 magnetic tape 1, 2, 14, 18, 28 major frame 6 manual of regulations 1, 4, 10 manufacturer's centerline tape 3, 4 manufacturer's secondary centerline tape 4 manufacturer's secondary centerline Tape 3 master clock 4, 5 Matlab Workspace Operation 36 Matlab®™ program 36 maximum burst length 1 maximum pulse rate 3 maximum submultiple frame length 4 measurement list change 7 mechanical parameters 16 microsecond time 5, 6 Minimum Frequency Separation 4 minor frame 4, 6 minor frame composition 4 minor frame length 4 minor frame numbering 6 minor frame synchronization 4 miscellaneous information inclusion 54 modulated transmitter bandwidth 16 modulation code 56 Modulation methods 2 modulation noise 3, 11, 12 modulation polarity 15 multicarrier operation 8 multiple and submultiple sampling rates 3 multiplex/demultiplex 32, 56 Multiplex/Modulation Attributes 3, 26 multiplex/modulation groups 4 multiplexer format 56 necessary bandwidth 10 no samples in current block 7 non return to zero level 5 nonoperating environment 7 NRZ PCM/FM 5, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18 occupied bandwidth 9 one hundred percent duty cycle 3, 4 operating environment 7 operational flexibility 16, 18 organization 4 other bandwidth measurement methods 12 other notations 2 output low-pass filter 2, 4 output power 5 overload algorithm 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 overrun 12, 13, 14, 15 overrun parity 13 Pacer Divisor Calculation 59 packaging 5 Packed Data Mode Analog 44 PCM 27 Packet Format 1553 37, 48 Analog, Unpacked LSB Pad 43, 44 Analog, Unpacked MSB Pad 42 IRIG Time 32 PCM, Packed Mode 27 PCM, Throughput Mode 28 PCM, Unpacked Mode 25 PAM Attributes 64 PAM/FM 3 PAM/FM/FM 3 Parallel Channels 61 parity bit 10 partial word status 6 PCM Channels 58, 60 PCM codes 25 PCM data stream 31 PCM data word format 10 PCM Format Attributes 3, 4 PCM format attributes group 4, 31 PCM input channels 5 PCM measurement description 4, 10, 44 PCM recording 24 PCM signature 28 PCM signature recording 16 percent power bandwidth 11 phase equalizer 28 physical channel number 6 physical dimensions 43 physical format 2 physical recording density 5 physical relationships 42 plasticizing 3 playback 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22 post-detection PCM recording 24 preamble recording 29 predetection 20, 22, 24 premodulation filtering 4 primary channel rate error 12 primary data channel 37 primary service 1 principal block 5 print through 2 pule amplitude modulator 1 pulse amplitude modulator 4 pulse code modulation 1, 22 quadrature modulator 10 quadriphase transmission system 21 quantizing noise variations 9, 10 radial clearance 5 radio frequency 1 radio frequency standards for telemetry 1 range capability for FM subcarrier systems 4 rate overrun 7 receiver bandwidth 10, 15 receiver phase noise 17 receivers and tape recorders 4 reconstruction integrator 1, 3, 4, 6 record level 3, 8, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21 record level set frequency 5 recorder mnemonics 62 recorder alignment 29 recorder analog data 38 recorder commands 63, 65 recorder data format 15 recorder declassification 65 recorder download port 5, 6 recorder error codes 66 recorder interface 6, 8 recorder solid-state control 62 recorder video packets 54, 56 recorder/reproducer output 30 recorders, on-board digital 1 recording and playback alignment 21 recording density 44 recording geometry 43 recording standards 29 Recursive Processing and Code Memory 31 reel characteristics 18, 22 reels and hubs 5 reference tape edge 5 reference tape system 4 relation of output to input 6 reproduce bandwidths 7 reproduce parameters 19, 22, 28 reproduce-head segment 17 RF Bandwidth Definitions\ Standard Bandwidth Signal 4 Wide Bandwidth Signal 4 right subchannel over range 17 RNRZ-L 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 25 S Band 3 sample period 10, 15, 16, 35 scanner 5 scatterwind 3, 8 secondary service 2 serial bit stream transitions 2 Serial Commands 63 serial HDDR 8, 9, 24, 25 serial high-density digital recording 8 servo track 44 session start time 5 Setup Block Format 56 shedding 3 short term stability 3 short wavelength output uniformity 3, 9 signal source 1 signature playback and analysis 20 simultaneous operation 8 sink process 4 SOQPSK-TG 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 25, 26, 27 source data base 1 source signal 2 spare field 5, 9 spectral equations 14 spectral mask 17, 18 spectral occupancy 9, 17 speed control and compensation 24 spurious emission 15 spurious emissions 17 spurious responses 18 stale data bit 11 standard record level 6 subcommutation 6 subframe 6 subframe synchronization 6 submultiple frame synchronization 4 submultiplex 35 supercommutation 6 swept frequency 18, 19 syllabic filter 1, 2, 4, 6 symbol detectors 23, 28 symmetry 16 Sync Pattern 59 sync patterns 48 system emissions 15 Table of Frequency Allocations 1, 3 tagged data format 7 tape and cassettes 30 tape cartridge 40, 46 tape copying 28 tape format 7 tape guidance 18 tape guiding 18 tape reference edge 43 tape signature recording 20 tape skew 6 Tape Source Attributes 3, 16, 17, 18 tape source attributes group 3 tape speed 6, 19, 21, 22, 25, 26, 42, 44, 46 tape speed control 5 tape speeds 6, 22 tape storing conditions 7 tape width 7, 18 technical standards 4 telemetry attributes 1, 3 telemetry bands 3 Throughput Data Mode, PCM 28 Time Code Channels 59 time code field 5 time delay 8, 10, 14 time tag 5, 11, 12, 28, 36 time words 5, 6, 8 timing channel 11 timing signal recording 20 TMATS 1, 2, 3, 8, 79 toxic compounds 5 track angle 6, 44 track data azimuth difference 5 track format 30 track guard bands 44 track length 44 track location 5, 6 track numbering 6, 16 track pitch 43 track spacing 6, 7 track straightness 43 track width 6, 7 track widths 43 transmission attributes 3, 10 transmission attributes group 3, 11, 12 transmission overhead 10 transmitted frame counter 4 transmitter antenna system emission testing 9 transmitter phase noise 14 UHF bands 2 UHF telemetry receiver systems 17 ultra high frequency (UHF) telemetry bands 1 Unpacked Data Mode Analog 42 PCM 25
upper band edge 3, 8, 9 upper S Band 3 variation of gain with input level 9 version number 5 VHF telemetry 3 volume label 6 wavelength response 3, 8, 9, 12, 13 white noise 19 winding 5 word count 6 word length 2 word numbering 4 word structure 1, 2, 3, 8 word-oriented definitions 2 working length 4 working reference tape 4 -25 dBm bandwidth 11 1 The definitions of the radio services that can be operated within certain frequency bands contained in the radio regulations as agreed to by the member nations of the International Telecommunications Union. This table is maintained in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission and the NTIA. 2 A telemetry system as defined here is not critical to the operational (tactical) function of the system. 3The word used for remote control operations in this band is telecommand. 4 Reallocated as of 1 January 1990. 5 An exemption from this EIRP limit will be considered; however, systems with EIRP levels greater than 25 watts will be considered nonstandard systems and will require additional coordination with affected test ranges. 6 The FQPSK-JR definition does not include a specific interpolation method and a post-D/A filter design. However, it is known that benchmark performance will be difficult to achieve if the combined effects of interpolation and anti-alias filter produce more than .04 dB excess attenuation at 0.0833 times the input sample rate and more than 1.6 dB of additional attenuation at 0.166 times the sample rate where the input sample rate is referred to the input of the interpolator assuming 6 samples per second. 7 Any unwanted signal or emission is spurious whether or not it is related to the transmitter frequency (harmonic). 8 The intent is that fixed frequency transmitters can be used at different frequencies by changing crystals or other components. All applicable performance requirements will be met after component change. 9 These bandwidths are measured using a spectruma analyzer with the following settings: 30-kHz resolution bandwidth, 300-Hz video bandwidth, and no max hold detector or averaging. 10 In most instances, the output low-pass filter should not be used to “clean up” the receiver output prior to use with demultiplexing equipment. 11 Defined in MIL-HDBK-1553A(2), 1995, Multiplex Applications Handbook. 12 Timing code formats are found in IRIG standard 200-98, IRIG Serial Time Formats and IRIG standard 205-87, Parallel Binary and Parallel Binary Coded Decimal Time Code Formats. 13 Formerly ANSI -1990. Available from American National Standards Institute (webstore.ansi.org). 14 Formerly ANSI V98.33M. 15 See paragraph 6.16. 16 See paragraph 6.16. 17 MIL-STD 1553B (1996), Digital Time Division Command/Response Multiplex Data Bus. 18Part Number 199034-0002, available from CALCULEX, Inc., P.O. Box 339, Las Cruces, NM 88004 (505) 525-0131 or by email to info@calculex.com. 19 Part Number 198007-0001 may be obtained from CALCULEX, Inc. P.O. Box 339, Las Cruces, NM 88004 (505) 525-0131 or by email request to info@calculex.com. 20 Federal Specifications may be used to replace paragraphs contained in this chapter where applicable. High output and HDD tapes re not included in the Federal Specificaions. Other standards are referenced in paragraph 1.0, Appendix D. 21 There are four W-T-1553 specifications relating to different coercivity and dropout rates. 22 MML Document 94-1 is available from the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974-0591. 23 SMPTE 226M is available from the Society of Motion Picture and Tele-vision Engineers, 595 West Hartdale Avenue, White Plains, New York 10607. 24 MML Document 93-1 is available from the Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974-0591. 25 Formerly ANSI V98.33M-1983. 26 Document published as ANSI INCITS TR19-1998. 27 Adapted from STANAG 4575, Table B-1. 28 Annex B Protocol Interface Definitions, section 3, File Structure Definition. 29 The definitions of the radio services that can be operated within certain frequency bands contained in the radio regulations as agreed to by the member nations of the International Telecommunications Union. This table is maintained in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission and the NTIA. 30 I. Korn, Digital Communications, New York, Van Nostrand, 1985. 31 M. G. Pelchat, "The Autocorrelation Function and Power Spectrum of PCM/FM with Random Binary Modulating Waveforms," IEEE Transactions, Vol. SET‑10, No. 1, pp. 39‑44, March 1964. 32 W. M. Tey, and T. T. Tjhung, "Characteristics of Manchester‑Coded FSK," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. COM‑27, pp. 209‑216, January 1979. 33 A. D. Watt, V. J. Zurick, and R. M. Coon, "Reduction of Adjacent‑Channel Interference Components from Frequency‑Shift‑Keyed Carriers," IRE Transactions on Communication Systems, Vol. CS‑6, pp. 39‑47, December 1958. 34 E. L. Law, "RF Spectral Characteristics of Random PCM/FM and PSK Signals," International Telemetering Conference Proceedings, pp. 71‑80, 1991. 35 K. Feher et al.: US Patents 4,567,602; 4,644,565; 5,491,457; and 5,784,402, post-patent improvements and other U.S. and international patents pending. 36 Kato, Shuzo and Kamilo Feher, “XPSK: A New Cross-Correlated Phase Shift Keying Modulation Technique,” IEEE Trans. Comm., vol. COM-31, May 1983. 37 Hill T., “An Enhanced, Constant Envelope, Interoperable Shaped Offset QPSK (SOQPSK) Waveform for Improved Spectral Efficiency”, Proceedings of the International Telemetering Conference, San Diego, California, October 2000. 38 Younes B., Brase J., Patel C., Wesdock J., “An Assessment of Shaped Offset QPSK for Use in NASA Space Network and Ground Network Systems”, Meetings of Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, Toulouse, France, October, 2000. 39 Geoghegan, M., “Implementation and Performance Results for Trellis Detection of SOQPSK”, Proceedings of the International Telemetering Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, October 2001. 40 Simon, M., Bandwidth-Efficient Digital Modulation with Application to Deep Space Communications, Monograph number 3, DESCANSO Monograph Series, JPL Publication 00‑17, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 2001. This publication is available free via the Internet: http://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/Monograph/series3/complete1.pdf (note: do not use WWW prefix for this URL). 41 Osborne W.P., Luntz M.B., “Coherent and Noncoherent Detection of CPFSK”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, August 1974. 42 Geoghegan M.S., “Improving the Detection Efficiency of Conventional PCM/FM Telemetry by using a Multi-Symbol Demodulator”, Proceedings of the 2000 International Telemetry Conference, Volume XXXVI, 675-682, San Diego CA, October 2000. 43 K.M. Uglow,. Noise and Bandwidth in FM/FM Radio Telemetry, “IRE Transaction on Telemetry and Remote Control,” (May 1957) pp 19-22. 44 A more detailed account of this investigation can be found in a paper by J. L. Maury, Jr. and J. Styles, "Development of Optimum Frame Synchronization Codes for Goddard Space Flight Center PCM Telemetry Standards," in Proceedings of the National Telemetering Conference, June 1964. 45 The recommended synchronization patterns for lengths 31 through 33 are discussed more fully in a paper by E. R. Hill, "Techniques for Synchronizing Pulse-Code Modulated Telemetry," in Proceedings of the National Telemetering Conference, May 1963. 46 Material presented in paragraph 3.0 is taken from a study by W. C. Lindsey (University of Southern California), Bit Synchronization System Performance Characterization, Modeling and Tradeoff Study, Naval Missile Center Technical Publication. 47 FQPSK-B is a proprietary variation of “Offset” QPSK (OQPSK), Digcom Inc., El Macero, California. 48 See Chapter 2 and Appendix-A for details on SOQPSK-TG (formerly SOQPSK-A*). 49 FQPSK-JR is an FQPSK variant developed by Mr. Robert Jefferis, TYBRIN Corporation,and Mr. Rich Formeister, RF Networks, Inc. 50 The delay can be inserted into either channel. The IRIG-106 convention and most published literature regarding FQPSK and SOQPSK indicate the delay in the odd (or Q) channel. 51 The initial offset angle is generally unknown and uncontrolled; it is tracked by the carrier recovery circuitry and the symbol timing circuits automatically ignore. 52 Rectangular I and Q baseband waveforms are used only for illustration. 53 FQPSK-B, FQPSK -JR and SOQPSK-TG modulations respond to a run of 1s with an S(t) that is ideally, a pure tone at frequency fc-rb/4 Hz. This is referred as “lower sideband” mode. Similarly, a run of zeroes will produce a constant anti-clockwise trajectory spin and a tone at fc+rb/4 Hz (“upper sideband” mode). 54 If for some reason the system application requires that one can determine whether a specific symbol was originally transmitted via I or Q, then this code is not appropriate. 55 The interested reader is left to confirm that equation (10) is indeed rotation invariant. 56 The so-called ternary alphabet is actually 2 binary alphabets {-1,0} and {0,1}, the appropriate one chosen on a bit-by-bit basis according to certain state transition rules. 57 There is no doubt in the author’s mind that well trodden ground has been traveled in this investigation. These characteristics were probably validated in reference [5] and by RF Networks Inc. before it incorporated the encoder in its model 5450F FQPSK demodulator product. Unfortunately, none of this work is in the public domain. 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