Winter of Terror



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Jul - Mega-landslide in Ak causes mega-tsunami which reaches 164 stories high... fortunately only in AK, Legos invented
Dec - 14.2 inches of snow in Albuquerque NM, CBS airs Mike Wallace and Louis Lomax’s documentary The Hate that hate Produced giving the Nation of Islam and Malcolm X prominence, Republic of New Guinea established, TI develops first integrated circuit, Wilson Greatbatch invents implantable pacemaker, Dr. Zhivago book smuggled into and published in US, Boris Pasternak receives Nobel Prize for literature, Galbraith publishes, Chipmunk Song reaches top of music charts, Nuclear powered submarines, NASA formed, death of French painter Georges Rouault, death of German-Norwegian artist Olaf Gulbransson, death of Pope Pius XII (Eugenio Pacelli), death of American psychologist John B Watson, Ford Edsel (lemon) debuts, Nathon Leopold paroled (see 1924), European Common Market comes into being, West Indies Federation in force, Egypt and Sudan join to form United Arab republic with Nasser as president, England and Spain sign trade pact, Khrushchev succeeds Bulganin as Chairman of Council of USSR Ministers, Fidel Castro begins “total war” against the Batista government in Cuba, Vice President Nixon tours S America and Eisenhower sends troops to Caribbean, De Gaulle forms government – meets Adenauer and is elected President of France, Imre Nagy executed in Hungary after secret trial, AK becomes #49, Khrushchev visits Peking, USSR grants loan to United Arab Republic for building Aswan Dam, Ayub Khan elected Prime Minister of Pakistan, Nelson A Rockefeller elected Governor of New York, Tension grows as southern schools desegregated 0 Governor Orval Faubus defies supreme court by closing schools in Little Rock and reopening them as private schools, President Eisenhower appoints Potter Stewart to Supreme Court, WRITE: Boris Pasternak (Dr. Zhivago), Truman Capote (Breakfast at Tiffany’s) Shelagh Delaney, Mazo de la Roche, Lawrence G Durrell, Rumer Godden, Harry Golden, TS Eliot, Graham Greene, J Edgar Hoover, James Jones, Kafka, Nevil Shute, Angus Wilson, Harold Pinter, Leon Uris, Frederich Durrenmatt, Lorraine Hansberry (Raisin in the Sun), Robert Penn Warren, Archibald MacLeish, William Humphrey, Dore Schary, Eugene O’Neill (posth), JK Galvraith, JD Stewart, Stephen Runciman, J Wheeler-Bennett, RS Peters, Ruth Fischer, Golo Mann, Cyril N Parkinson, Deaths: Johannes R Becher (GER), Ferdinand Bruckner (AUS), James Branch Cabell, George Jean Nathan, Lion Feuchtwanger (GER), Leopold Ziegler (AUS), Complete works of Tolstoi published in USSR, Death of Pope Pius XII – Cardinal Roncalli elected Pope John XXIII, Supreme Religious Center for World Jewry dedicated in Jerusalem, ART: Ludwig Bemelmans, James Brooks, Serge Poliakoff, Henry Moore, Arthur Ling, Guggenheim Museum by Frank Lloyd Wright opened, Fire at Museum of Modern Art, Deaths: Maurice de Vlaminck (FRA), Mike Todd (USA), Olaf Gulbransson (GER), Georges Rouault, Rosalind Franklin, US establishes NASA to administer scientific exploration of space, US launches first moon rocket – fails to reach moon but travels 79k miles out, Nobel Prises for dchemical reactions in living cells, Space probes reveal Van Allen radiation belts that impede travel, Pakistani cricket team tours US, Eddie Arcaro becomes third jockey to attain over 4 thousand wins, First parking meters in London, London bus strike, Beatnik movement spreads throughout US and Europe, Brussels World Exhibition, First life peerages in Britain, Prince Charles made Prince of Wales, last debutantes presented at British court, Arnold Palmer US golfer wins his first Masters tournament, Unemployment in US reaches almost 5.2 million, death of US industrialist Charles F Kettering, “Sugar” Ray Robinson regains middleweight boxing title, Popular Songs: “Johnny B Goode” “Summertime Blues” “Good Golly Miss Molly” “For Your Precious Love” “Sweet Little Sixteen”, Top shows on tv include “The Rifleman” and “Maverick”, Artists include Champs (Tequila), Chuck Berry, Danny & the Juniors, Silhouettes, The Platters, First “Overseas” stake in New Zealand organized. New Zealand and London temples organized, Egypt and Syria join to become United Arab Republic to 61 – Yemen joins to form United Arab States, Military revolt in Iraq led by Abdul Kassem, Kind Faisal II assassinaged and republic declared, US launches its first satellite, Charles de Gaulle elected president of Fifth Republic in France, Pope John XXIII to 1963, Crayola introduces 64 box of crayons with sharpener

1959 Leakey excavations at Olduvai gorge, Mau-Mau guerrilla war against British in Kenya ends, Antarctic Treaty limits exploitation of Antarctica, SWRD Bandarnaike the Sri Lankan prime minister assassinated, estimated start of AIDS in Kinshasa Congo, Landslides hit Mexico, Lightning storm over Italy, Typhoon hits Japan, Montana earthquake, flooding on French Riviera * The Kennedys meet with President McKay, but is impressed this time – Saints hesitant about voting for Roman Catholic, invention of the Frisbee, Feb - 182 accumulated inches of snow at Mullen Pass, ID, Feb - Mt. Shast CA records 189 inches in 7 days, "The Sound of Music" debuts as a musical on Broadway (not the film), MT earthquake kills 28, Singer ray Charles begins career, Soviet spacecraft reaches moon, Negara Brunei adopts its first constitution, Minsky and McCarthy establish AI lab, Jack Kirby and Robert N Noyce invent the microchip, Ruth Handler creates Barbie, Cuban revolution, Alaska and Hawaii become states, Nasser nationalizes Suez Canal, Grass's "The Tin Drum", Frisbee introduced, death of American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, death of Austrian-Bohemian artist Alfred Kubin, death of Swiss-American composer Ernest Bloch, death of Anglo-American sculptor Jacob Epstein, death of German painter George Grosz, Cuban President Batista flees to Dominican Republic – Castro becomes Premier of Cub and expropriates US-owned sugar mills, Belgium grants reforms in Congo, De Gaulle proclaimed President of Fifth Republic of France, Disturbances in Nyasaland – Hastings Banda arrested, Macmillan visits former allied countries, Archbishop Makarios returns to Cyprus – Cyprus becomes republic, Hawaii #50, New York City Council proposes the city become a separate (51st) state, Khrushchev visits Albania and US, De Valera becomes President of Eire, Heinrich Lubke elected President of W Germany, Eisenhower visits W German England India and eight other nations, Bandaranaika president of Ceylon assassinated, European free Trade Association (The Seven) ratify treaty, Britain and United Arab Republic resume diplomatic relations, Nobel Peace Prize Philip J Noel-Baker, death of John Foster dulles, death of George C Marshall, WRITE: Saul Bellow, Ivy Compton-Burnett, Norman Mailer, James Thurber, Ionesco, Robert Penn Warren, Gunter Grass, William Faulkner, Colin MacInnes, VS Naipaul, Brendan Behan, Arnold Wasker, Francoise Sagan, Vance Packard, Allen Drury, Graham Greene, John Updike, Robert L Taylor, Stanley Kunitz, William Gibson, James Michener, Salvatore Quasimodo (Nobel), Moss Hart, Ian Fleming (Goldfinger), Philip Roth, Lillian Hallmann, Peter Schaffer, C Wright Mills, Garrett Mattingly, Karl Barth, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, GM Mure, Deaths: Laurence Housman (ENG), Werner Krauss, Maxwell Anderson, Ethel Barrymore, Jean Louis Barrault becomes head of French theater, Pope John XXIII announces calling of first Ecumenical Council since 1870, Anti-Semitism flares at Cologne GER, death of Abraham Flexner US educator, ART: Andre Beaudin, Yuichi Inoue, Barbara Hepworth, Basil Spence, Norman Bluhm, Chagall, Ben Nicholson, John Bratby, Joan Miro, Deaths: George Grosz (GER), Frank Lloyd Wright, Stanley Spencer (ENG), Alfred Kubin (AUS), Bernard Berenson, Jacov Epstein, Alfred Munnings (ENG), Cecil B De Mille, FILMS: “LE Testament d’Orphee” “Anatomy of a Murder” “Our Man in Havana” “Hiroshima mon amour” “Orfeu Negro” “La Dolce Vita “ (Fellini), “Suddenly Last Summer” “Ben Hur”, MUSIC: Karl-Birger Blomdahl, Richard Rodgers (Sound of Music), Theodor W Adorno, Julie Styne (Gypsy), Henry Cowell, Alban Berg, Hugo Weisgall, Jerome Weidman George Abbott Jarry Bock and Sheldpon Harnick, Deaths: Eduard van Beinum, Mario Lanza (USA tenor),Bohuslav Martinu (CZE), Artur Rodzinski (POL-USA), Heitor Villa-Lobos (BRA), Billie Holiday, Anniversaries of Handel Haydn Purcell celebrated, Popular songs: “He’s Got the Whole World in His Hands” “Tom Dooley” “Everything’s Coming Up Roses” “Mack the Knife” “Personality” “The Sound of Music” “What’d I Say” “I Only Have Eyes For You” “There Goes My Baby” “Shout”, SCIENCE: USSR launches rocket with two monkeys, US artificial planet Pioneer 4 at Woomera, USSR Lunik reaches the moon – Linik III photographs the moon, death of Grantly Dick-Read English gynecologist, First International Congress of Oceanography held in NY, Alvarez discovers neutral xi-particle, De Beers (S AF) manufactures synthetic diamond, Nobel prize in physics for discovery of antiproton, Nobel Prize to Jaroslav Heyrovsky for development of polarography, Nobel prize for medicine to Ochoa and Kornberg for their synthesis of RNA and DNA, First US nuclear-powered merchant vessel “Savannah”, World Refugee Year proclaimed, TV Covery of British General election, Louis SB Leakey finds skull of “Nutcracker Man” in Tanganyika, Firsts section of London-Birmingham Motorway opens, Printing strike in Britain, death of Grock the Swiss music clown,k death of German car racing champion Rudolf Caricciola, Second win for Bill Mauldin (Pulitzer), US Postmaster General Summerfield bans SH Lawrence’s “Lady Chatterley’s Lover” from mail on grounds of obscenity – overturned next year, President Eisenhower invokes Taft-Hartley Act to halt steelworkers’ strike and longshoremen’s strike, Jack Nicklaus wins US Golf Amateur, Edward B Elliott lands 97-pound blue catfish Heinz Wixhmann lands 92-pound Chinook salmon and Alfred Dean lands 2664 pound shark, cheating on quiz shows rumored, “The Red Skelton Show” reaches top television, Artists: Bobby Darin, Wilbur Harrison, Ray Charles, The Crests, Dion and the Belmonts, Leakey finds Australopithecus boisei, Uprising in Tibet against Chinese rule – Dalai Lama escapes to India and revolt crushed, Communist revolution in Cuba with Batista overthrown, Anti-European riots in Belgian Congo

1960 Hawaiian tsunami, Quake and tsunami in Valdivia Chile, Laser invented, Independence for French African colonies, Civil War in south Sudan and Zaire (Belgian Congo), start of laser surgery, Hurricane in Puerto Rico, Earthquake and tsunami in Chile kills 5700 9.5 largest magnitude, Earthquake and Tsunami in Morocco kills 10k, Typhoon Lucille hits Philippines, Ruby Bridges of New Orleans desegregates the 1st grade in Louisiana * Former President Hoover pens intro to Ezra Taft Benson’s book “So Shall Ye Reap”, Kennedy meets twice with Church leaders, loses UT vote, but leaders are positive, Senator Lyndon Johnson meets with first presidency, Nixon visits SLC and President McKay (Republican) mentioned that he hopes Nixon wins, but this is mistakenly reported as Church endorsement – Nixon wins in Utah but loses nationally



Mar - Heavy snows in SE U.S. causes buildings to collapse, "Camelot" debuts on Broadway, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee founded, Sandage and Matthews discover quasars, Jane Goodall begins chimp observations, Theodore Maiman builds first working laser, four black youths stage sit-in in Greensboro NC, By this time (since 54) Nigeria, Sudan, Morocco, Ghana, Congo, and French African colonies gain independence, Chinese-Soviet alliance dissolves, JFk elected, OPEC formed in middle east, Chinese control Tibet, Dalai Lama flees, LASER invented, Women no longer required to cover heads in Catholic Church, Pierre Cardin licenses name for products, Mary Quant in London launches “Twiggy” look, death of Hungarian musician Ernst von Dohnanyi, death of American librettist Oscar Hammerstein, Aneurin Bevan the British Labour politician dies, first sighting of Monster of Lough Brin in Ireland – like a seal and dragon, death of French author Albert Camus, US protests against Cuban expropriations, Khrushchev in India Burma and Indonesia, Brezhnev becomes President of USSR, US admits to aerial reconnaissance flights as U-2 and pilot Francis Gary Powers shot down, Khrushchev Macmillan Eisenhower and de Gaulle meet in Paris but talks fail – Former Gestapo chief Asolf Eichmann arrested, Belgian Congo granted full independence, death of British socialist Aneurin Bevan, Cyprus becomes independent republic with Archbishop Makarios as president, Historic TV debates between John F Kennedy and Richard Nixon, Kennedy elected, King Baudouin of Belgium marries Dona Fabiola of Spain, Adenauer visits the US, Ex-King Amanullah of Afghanistan dies, WRITE: John Betjeman, Robert Bolt (A Man for All Seasons), Terence Rattigan, William L Shirer, John Updike, Errol Flynn, Arnold Wesker, Alberto Moravia, John O’Hara, Ezra Pound, Armand Salacrou, Lawrence Durrell, Harper Lee (To Kill A Mockingbird), Allan Sillitoe, John Mortimer, Harold Pinter, CP Snow, John Hersey, Vance Packard, Gore Vidal, Sartre, Gavin de Beer, AJ Ayer, Deaths: Boris Pasternak (RUS), Albert Camus (FRA), Vicki Baum (AUS-USA), Curt Goeetz (SWI), Richard Wright, Lewis Namier (ENG), Three women admitted to ministry of Swedish Lutheran Church, Archbishop Fisher of Canterbury visits Jerusalem Istanbul and Rome, ART: Oscar Niemeyer, Le Corbusier, John Bratby, Oskar Kokoschka, Karel Appel, Minoru Yamasaki, Deaths: Henry Porten (GER), Hans Albert (GER), Clark Gable, Mack Sennett, Films: “Last Year at Marienbad” “Exodus” “Psycho” (Hitchcock), “Saturday Night and Sunday Morning” “Rocco and his Brothers” “The Entertainer” (Olivier) “The Apartment” “La Notte”, Picasso exhibition at Tate Gallery London, MUSIC: Pierre Boulez, Hans Werner Henze, Boris Blacher, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Benjamin Britten, Lionel Bart, Elliott Carter, Death: Paul Abraham (HUN), Hugo Alfven (SWE), Ernst von Dohnanyi (HUN), Edwin Fischer (GER), Dimitri Mitropoulos (GRE-USA), Jussi Bjoerling (SWE), Leonard Warren (USA), Oscar Hammerstein II, Popular Songs: “Itsy Bitsy teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini” “Let’s Do the Twist” “Never on Sunday” “Calcutta” “Will You Love Me Tomorrow” “Georgia On My Mind” “Only The Lonely” “Let’s Go, Let’s Go, Let’s Go” “Stay”, SCIENCE: US launches radio-reflector satellite, Nobel Prize for Physics DA Glaser for invention of bubble chamber for study of subatomic particles, Prize for medicine FM Burnet and PB Medawar for discovery of acquired immunity against foreign tissue, Optical microwave laser constructed, RL Mossbauer makes gamma ray discoveries, Strell and Woodward independently sunthesize chlorophyll, KH Hofmann synthesizes pituitary hormone, GN Robinson discovers methicillin, “Triton” submarine circumnavigates globe under water, US scientists develop laser device, USA and FRA dive in bathyscaphe “Trieste” to 35,800 feet in Pacific, American Heart Association issues report on death and smoking, Nobel Prize Chemistry WF Libby for work on dating using radioactive carbon 14, US experimental rocket-powered airplane travels almost 2200 mph, First weather satellite Tiros I launched to show cloud cover on TV, deaths: Walter Baade (USA astronomer), Maurice de Broglie (FRA physicist), AB Joffe (RUS physicist), SL Kroeber (USA anthropologist), Caryl Chessman executed after 12 years of ppeals at San Quentin, Bobby Fishcher age 16 defends chess title, Neo-Nazi groups banned in Germany, Brasilia replaces Rio as capital of Brazil, Churchill College at Cambridge founded, Prince Andrew born to Elizabeth II – first monarch to give birth since 1857 – Princess Margaret marries, Olympic Games in Rome, Floyd Patterson regains heavyweight boxing title, 296 pound yellowfin tuna caught by Dr. A Cordeiro, death of Sylvia Pankhurst suffragette leader, death of FPA Franklin Pierce Adams the humorous columnist, death of Emily Post, Arnold Palmer wins US Open, Charles Van Doren arrested for perjury in game show “21” scandal, 70 million watch Kennedy Nixon debate, Popular tv shows include “Gunsmoke” “Wagon Train” “Have Gun Will Travel” “The Andy Griffith Show” “The Real McCoys”, Chubby Checker, Bobby Darin, Elvis Presley, Bobby Rydell, Hardy promotes aquatic ape hypothesis, first doctorate degrees given at BYU, Central American Common Market forms with COS-R ElS GUAT HON NIC, European Free Trade forms with AUS DEN POR GBR NOR SWE SWI but starts to fall apart in 1973 when some countries leave for EEC, Canadian natives (Indians) given the vote, Brasilia founded, 9.2-9.5 earthquake rocks Chile, Internation agreement on status of Antarctica, Seventeen states become independent – Civil War in Congo, European Free Trade Association and Central American Common Market formed,U2 reconnaissance aircraft shot down over Moscow, Cyprus becomes independent republic under President Archbishop Makarios, Antarctica reserved for scientific research by International agreement,

1961 Kennedy calls for Affirmative Action, Independence for Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Sierra Leone, Rwanda, Burundi, Malawi, Zambia, Lesotho, Botswana, Gambia and Swaziland (to 1967), Russian Yuri Gagarin becomes first human in space, Berlin Wall built, female oral contraceptive pill comes on the market, Hurricane hits Belize * Mormon named secretary of the interior, Education Commissioner, and Assistant Secretary of Labor. James E. Faust named member of Lawyer’s Committee for Civil Rights and Racial Unrest and Marion D. Hanks named to Kennedy’s Council of Physical Fitness, Jul - record winds blow All Star pitcher off mound in Candlestick Park, Weather satellites first used, Nov - Santa Ana Winds fan fires in CA, death of Charity Davis born 1842 and lives 119 years and 160 days, End of Great Chinese famine killing 20-53 million, Yuri Gagarin orbits, Bob Schmidt invents skateboard, Rock musical Hair debuts in NYC, French police kill 200+ Algerians for protesting police oppression, South Africa leaves British Commonwealth, failed Bay of Pigs invasion, Berlin Wall constructed, Soviet cosmonauts orbit. Death of Swiss psychiatrist Carl G Jung, death of Americna baseball player Ty Cobb, death of American dramatist Georges S Kaufman, death of American author James Thurber, death of Ernest Hemingway, Soviet Nuclear Test at Novaya Zemlya, Queen Elizabeth II tours India Pakistan Persia Cyprus and Ghana, US breaks off diplomatic relations with Cuba, JFK inaugurated – establishes Peace Corps – Meets Harold Macmillan at Key West and later Bermuda – visits Paris Vienna and London, Activities of reactionary John Birch Society become a concern for US Senate, Adenauer visits London, UN General Assembly condemns apartheid, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn succeeds Eugene Dennis as Chairman of US Communist Party, Cuban exiled rebels attempt an unsuccessful invasion of Cuba at Bay of Pigs – they were trained and supplied by US – Kennedy acknowledges responsibility for fiasco, Austria refuses application of Archduke Otto of Hapsburg to return, Kennedy and Khrushchev meet in Vienna to discuss disarmament and Laos and Germany, Berlin Wall constructed – VP Johnson visits Berlin, Dag Hammarskjold wins Nobel Prize then is killed in air accident, Ben-Gurion forms new coalition gobernment in Israel, Edward Heath Lord Privy Seal begins negotiations for British entry into Common Market, Adolf Eichmann found guilty in Jerusalem trial, Rafael Trujillo dictator of dominican Republic assassinated and is succeeded by son, death of Ex-King Zog of Albania, death of Sam Rayburn 10-term speaker of the House, WRITE: Jean Anouilh, Max Frisch, Christopher Fry, Graham Greene, Hermann Hesse, JD Salinger, John Osborne, Bernard Malamud, Thomas Mann, Francois Mauriac, Qualtinger and Merz, Richard Hughes, Iris Murdoch, Harold Pinter, John Whiting, Henry Miller (first US publication – original 1934 in FRA), John Steinbeck, Irving Stone (Agony and the Ecstasy), Jean Kerr, GA Mosel Jr., TH White, Mark Schorer, Mackinlay Kantor, Shelagh Delaney, Haorld Robbins, Joseph Heller (Catch 22), Robert Heinlein, James Baldwin, Ivo Andric (Nobel), Leon Radzinowycz, Raymond Williams, Stephen Neill, George W Allport, Deaths: Leonhard Frank (GER), Ernest Hemingway, Henry Morton Robinson (USA), Dorothy Thompson (USA), Dashiell Hammett, George S Kaufman, James Thruber, Frank ND Buchman, Carl Gustav Jung (SWI), Learned Hand (USA), Michael Ramsey appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, New English Bible appears on 350th anniversary, Meeting of World Council of Churches in Delhi, Moscow synagogues closed, ART Deaths: Aigistis Kpjm. Eero Saaromem (USA), Anna Mary Moses (Grandma Moses) (USA), Gary Cooper, Goya picture stolen from national gallery in London, Museum of the Chinese Revolution opened in Peking, Sir Edward Maufe completed Guildford Cathedral in England, Films: “Jules et Jim” “Boccaccio ‘70” “Viridiana” “Too Late Blues” “West Side Story” “Judgment at Nuremberg” “The Hustler” MUSIC: Hans Werner, Luigi Nono, Henri Barraud, Renzo Rosselini, Walter Piston, Deaths: Sir Thomas Beecham, Royal Ballet visits USSR. Deutsche Oper W Berlin rebuilt, Popular Songs: “Love Makes the World Go Round” “Moon River” “Where the Boys Are” “Exodus”, “Stand By Me” “Crazy” “The Wanderer” “Runaround Sue” “Crying” SCIENCE: Yuri Gagarian of USSR becomes first man to orbit Earth, Alan Shepard makes first US space flight, Leucotomy operations and operations for deafness performed, Atlas computer installed at Harwell, death of Austrian Physicist Erwin Schrodinger, death of GER-USA scientist Otto Loewy, death of US physicist Percy Bridgman, death of US electrical engineer and inventor of vacuum tube Lee De Forest, Nobel Prizes for study of nucleons and gamma ray work also photosynthesis reactions (Calvin), and mechanism of inner ear, Trans-Siberian Railroad electrified between Moscow and Irkutsk, Farthings no longer legat tender in Britain, Spy trials in London – Gordon Lonsdale George Blake and the Krogers, U of Sussex founded, Tanganyika Conference moves to protect African wildlife, Last journey of “Orient Express” from Paris to Bucharest, death of Ty Cobb (baseball), Bobby Fisher retains title, ‘Freedom Riders” White and Black Liberals attacked by White citizens of Anniston and Birmingham, “Hazel” and “Perry Mason” reach top tv status, Artists include: Etta James, Patsy Cline, Chubby Checker, Dovells, Marveletts, Morris and Whitcomb publish about the Genesis flood, attracting new literalist opinion, 600 million year old fossils discovered, Bavarian meteorite impact discovered, Worldwide mission president seminar held, Mission Language Training starts, “every member a missionary” started, Correlation Committee established, Gordon B. Hinckley called to 12, LAFTA (Latin American) forms with ARG BRA CHI COL ECU PAR MEX PAR PER URU VEN, Bay of Pigs invasion with Cuban exiles returning with US backing to overthrow Castro - failed , Yuri Gagarian becomes first man in space, Shetland population drops to 17,814 inhabitants, dissoulution of United Arab Republic and returns to Egypt and Syria, Berlin wall built, South Africa becomes a republic, Yuri Gagarin becomes first man in space, Britain begins application to join EEC, death of Patrice Lumumba president of Congo, Dag Hammarskjold UN secretary-general killed in air crash on way to Congo – Burmese U Thant becomes third secretary-general, South Africa becomes republic and withdraws from commonwealth,

1962 Microchips invented, Freedom in Algeria, Cuban missile crisis, independence for W Samoa, Landslide and avalanche in Peru, Drought and fire in Brazil, Earthquake in Iran, Locusts in Kenya, Flash flood in Barcelona Spain, Flooding and dykes broken in Germany * Wilkinson protests that Kennedy’s New Frontier was socialistic, Idaho Congressman Harding gives Kennedy Book of Mormon – first edition for Church library, LBJ visits Utah, Nixon speaks at LDS youth conference in California – later loses race for governor of California , Mar - 17 people killed by tornado in Milton, FL, Dec - Maine's worst blizzard ends after producing 42 inches of snow, Apr - Tornado hits Sheppard Air Force Base in Witchita Falls, TX, Sep - Seattle, WA records first tornado, Dec - 12 degree temperatures destroy citrus crop in north FL, moving production south, Mariner 2 passes Venus, Joseph W Charles begins waving to cars – continues for 30 years, Rachael Carson publishes “Silent Spring”, first transatlantic television transmitted by satellite, US Supreme Court rules that James Meredith be admitted to U of Mississippi, Engel V. Vitale clarifies separation of church and state, William Falkner dies, Jamaica and British West Indies gain independence, Cuban Missile Crisis, US satellite orbits, Carson's "Silent Spring" starts environmental movement, K-Mart opens, Yves St. Laurent opens fashion house, death of German conductor Bruno Walter, death of English historian GM Trevelyan, death of German author and 1946 Nobel Prize winner Hermann Hesse, death of Queen Wilhelmina of Holland, death of Danish physicist Niels Bohr, death of English actor Charles Laughton, Khrushchev calls Mao Zedong an “old boot” in Chinese, not knowing that this is slang for a prostitute… split between Russia and China, US military council established in S Vietnam, Georges Pompidou forms government in France, Adolf Eichmann hanged, attempt on the life of Charles de Gaulle, USSR agrees to send arms to Cuba – Kennedy protests and Khrushchev says he’ll withdraw if we remove ours from Turkey – offer rejected, Ahmed Ben Bella named Premier of Algeria, Uganda and Tanganyika become independent, U Thant elected UN secretary general, Kennedy and Macmillan meet in Nassau, Linus Pauling wins Nobel Peace Prize (Chemistry in 1954), U-2 pilot Frances Gary Powers is traded for Soviet spy Rudolf Abel, Kennedy apponts White and Goldbert to Supreme Court, WRITE: John Steinbeck, Frank Loesser and Abe Burrows, Camus, Martin Esslin, William Faulkner, Uwe Johnson, Boris Pasternak, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Edward Albee, James Baldwin, Philip Roth, James Jones, Katherine Anne Porter, Robert Shaw, Mario Tobino, Arthur Kopit, Arnold Wesker, Tennessee Williams, Robert Bolt (Man For All Seasons), Charles M Schultz, E Burdick and H Wheeler, Ken Kesey (One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest), Rachel Carson (Silent Spring), Anthony Sampson, FW Deakin, Franz Alexander, Cardinal Augustin Bea, Deaths: ee cummings, William Faulkner, Hermann Hesse, Robinson Jeffers, Charles Laughton, GM Trevelyan, BBC starts satirical revue “That Was the Week That Was”, Second Vatican Council opens in Rome, Coventry Cathedral consecrated, Protestant Episcopal Church consecrates first negro bishop of MA, ART: Oskar Kokoschka, Jean Renoir, Deaths: Franz Kline (USA), Marilyn Monroe, New festival Theater created in Austria, Films: “Les sequesters d’Altona” “Vivre sa vie” “La Steppa” “Lawrence of Arabia” “Freud” “The Trial” “Cleopatra” (Burton and Taylor) “Phaedra” “The Manchurian Candidate”, MUSIC: Michael Tippett, Britten, Norman Dello, Shostakovich, Robert Ward, Deaths: Kirsten Flagstad (NOR), Alfred Cortot (FRA), Hanns Eisler (AUS), Jacques Ibert (FRA), Fritz Kreisler (AUS-USA), Bruno Walter (GER_USA), Georges Auric appointed head of French national opera, Popular songs: “Days of Wine and Roses” “Go Away Little Girl” “Blowin’ in the Wind” “Green Onions” “Bring It On Home To Me” “You’ve Really Got A Hold On Me” “The Loco-Motion” “Sherry”, SCIENCE: US spacemen Glenn Carpenter and Schirra orbit separately, Telstar satellite launched, Mariner 2 launched to Venus, USSR scientist Chudinov revives fossil algae after 250 million years, Thalidomide causes malformed children, Royal College of Physicians issues first report on smoking and health, Deaths: Neils Bohr, Charles William Bebee (USA), Arthur H Compton (USA), Auguste Piccard (SWI), Nobel prizes for Perutz and Kendrew for myoglobin and hemoglobin structure, Crick Wilkins and Watson receive Nobel Prize for DNA, death of Ex-Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, Black applicant James Meredith denied admission to U of MS – 3000 soldiers repress riots when he begins to attend classes, Commonwealth Immigrants Act passed in Britain to control immigration, “Sunday Times” issues first colored supplement, Sonny Liston becomes boxing champion after knocking out Floyd Patterson, death of Eleanor Roosevelt, Total world Population 3.1 billion, Earthquake in N Iran kills 10k, maximum newspapers – 9 dailys in New York, Jack Nicklaus wins first major professional title + Palmer wins Masters, first transatlantic television broadcast via telestar satellite, Johnny Carson takes over “The Tonight Show”, “Beverly Hillbillies” “Candid Camera” “Red Skelton Show” and “The Lucy Show” number among top tv, Artists include: Dick Dale, Isley Brothers (Twist and Shout), Contours, Elvis Presley, Duprees, Neel develops thrifty genotype hypothesis for fat storage, General Conference first held on shortwave radio, Cuban missile crisis, “Silent Spring” published, disarmament conference in Geneva, Cuban Missile crisis, Border clashes between China and India, Telstar communications satellite launched – first live broadcasts between US and Europe, Algeria gains independence from France after 8 years of war, School prayer banned


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